Baroque in architecture took a period of about 200 years and conquered the countries of Europe, America. This style, in addition to architecture, embraced all forms of art from the 16th to the 18th centuries , it was especially clearly reflected in the theater and painting.
Baroque roots can be traced back to the Renaissance. The first magnificent ensemble was the Belvedere courtyard in the Vatican Bramante. It was built in a single style in which various buildings were made: ancient sculptures, a library, a regular garden and a theater. We can say that this is a prototype of Baroque architecture, as the forms themselves are balanced and calm.
Villa Julia for the pontiff Julius III was made by the architect Vignola with all the features and elements inherent in this style. Already in the later works of Michelangelo, researchers note the emotional richness, tension and gigantic dimensions created by the architect and characterizing the Baroque style in architecture. It expresses power and wealth, because it is not in vain that the word means a certain licentiousness, perversity and a tendency to excesses. The center of this culture was Italy.
Mannerism left its contribution to the Baroque style in architecture. The masters of this trend, despite all its vagaries and shortcomings, picked up the main trends inherent in this style, passing them to the architects of the so-called early Baroque: Domenico Fontana, Carlo Modern and Giacomo Porta. It was in those days that the needs of society were reflected in the majestic city palaces, monasteries, country villas with baroque gardens and palaces. The facade of the Roman Church of Il Gesu becomes an image that is supported in the construction of most churches not only in Italy, but also in France, Belarus, Ukraine, etc.
The baroque style in architecture in the era of mannerism inherited the attraction to everything amazing, surprising and unusual. This is especially reflected in the landscapes of parks and gardens. Unusual structures, such as an open-air theater, a giant sculpture or a grotesque giant mask, amaze with their unusual and exotic details. This period is characterized by the creation of cabinets with the first museum compositions and collections. The occurrence of greenhouses with overseas plants, unusual collections of minerals and prints is also monitored.
The next generation is marked by the unrivaled virtuoso Borromini - an amazing designer, draftsman and builder. He boldly departed from the classical canons, former rules and authoritative decisions. He builds the unprecedented complexity of the building and, rather, is the heir to Michelangelo, rather than Bernini or Corton.
I would like to mention such a baroque master in architecture as Juvar. It enhances the expressiveness of palaces with risalits, diagonal constructions, and plays with various volumes. During his period, the decor is more restrained, filled with columns, pilasters and rustics, which are reflected in classicism, but they retain the beauty, grandeur and variety in the Baroque style. Juvara's masterpieces are extraordinarily expressive silhouettes of the Stupinigi Castle, the Royal Palace of Madrid and the Superga Basilica.
Russian baroque architecture reflected the strengthening and growth of the noble monarchy and fell on the 1st floor. XVIII century. He appeared a number of national characteristics. Russian Baroque differed from the bright Italian in the simplicity of buildings, structural clarity, close connection between the structural basis and decor elements. Russian baroque in architecture has a major character, it actively uses bright colors , bold coloristic contrasts and gilding. This style of art has reached a magnificent scale in the manor and city ensembles of Tsarskoye Selo, Peterhof, Petersburg and others, distinguished by the integrity and solemn clarity of architectural complexes and compositions of buildings. Its prominent representatives were Rastrelli, Ukhtomsky, Zemtsov.