Antibiotic "Cefotaxime" is a powerful drug intended for the treatment of infectious diseases and the prevention of postoperative complications. The drug is injected into the body, it is often prescribed for both adults and children. This is a semi-synthetic antibiotic with the active substance Sefotaxime sodium.
pharmachologic effect
"Cefotaxime" is a representative of the cephalosporin series, the bactericidal effect of which is ensured by inhibiting the formation of bacterial cell walls.
The antimicrobial preparation is intended for parenteral use, it is effective when exposed to gram-negative bacteria that are resistant to other antibiotics, it can act on gram-positive cocci, but less actively than on gram-negative bacteria.
Pharmacokinetics
The drug is rapidly absorbed, depending on the dosage, it appears in the plasma five minutes or half an hour after injection, and maintains the bactericidal concentration in the blood for longer than 12 hours. The drug, getting into tissues and fluids, is well distributed in them. When used during lactation, the medicine may pass into breast milk. The maximum effect of "Cefotaxime" is achieved at its effective concentrations in synovial, peritoneal and pleural fluids. Excretion is carried out unchanged together with urine (about 60%), and in the form of metabolites. For half-life as a result of i / m and iv administration, 1 hour is required.
Indications for use of the drug
Indications for prescribing medications are infectious inflammation provoked by microorganisms that are sensitive to Cefotaxime (mostly gram-negative). Only cefotaxime injectables are available, there are no analogues in tablets, the drug is used to identify such conditions:
- infections affecting the abdominal cavity;
- lesions of the skin, joints, soft tissues and bones;
- infectious lesions of the respiratory tract, nose, throat, ears;
- infections affecting the urinary system;
- Lyme disease
- inflammatory processes of an infectious nature in the pelvic organs, gonorrhea;
- burns, infected wounds;
- meningitis, endocarditis, septicemia;
- infectious lesions due to immunodeficiency;
- prevention of infectious diseases after surgical interventions (operations on the digestive tract, obstetric, gynecological and urological interventions).
Contraindications
"Cefotaxime", analogues in injections have some contraindications, which must be taken into account before the introduction of the drug.
The drug is contraindicated in case of hypersensitivity to penicillins, carbapenems and other cephalosporins. It is prescribed with caution in diseases of the liver and kidneys, ulcerative colitis, during lactation. Pregnant women are prescribed only if there is no great risk to the fetus or if the intended benefits for the mother's body significantly exceed the possible risks. When used in relation to children under the age of 2.5, it is forbidden to use the method of intramuscular injection.
The use of the drug, dosage
To know how to breed Cefotaxime, you need to familiarize yourself with the information specified in the instructions for use of the drug. The medicine is intended for intramuscular and intravenous administration (using a dropper or jet).
The drug is prescribed for patients over 12 years old, when the body weight is more than 50 kilograms:
- with infectious diseases of the urinary tract and in cases where the infection proceeds without complications, the body using any available method provides 1 g of the drug with a frequency of 8-12 hours;
- with uncomplicated acute gonorrhea, 1 g of the drug is administered once intramuscularly;
- when using the drug for the treatment of diseases of an infectious nature, the severity of which is moderate, 1-2 g of the drug are administered with a frequency of 12 hours by any of the possible methods (before diluting Cefotaxime, carefully study the rules by which solutions for injection are prepared) ;
- severe infections, such as meningitis, require the introduction of 2 g of the drug into the vein with a frequency of 4-8 hours, while the maximum dose per day can be no more than 12 g; the duration of the course of treatment is determined by the severity of the condition;
- before operations during anesthesia, to eliminate the likelihood of developing an infectious process, 1 g of the drug is administered, in some cases, after 6-12 hours, the drug is re-administered;
- Caesarean section is performed with the introduction of 1 g of "Cefotaxime", later the procedure is repeated.
The drug is also used intravenously in relation to premature babies and newborns:
- age less than 1 week - 50 mg per 1 kg of weight is applied, observing a frequency of 12 hours;
- age from 1 to 4 weeks - 50 mg per 1 kg of weight with a frequency of 8 hours.
Children whose weight is less than 50 kilograms at the age of 2.5 years are prescribed 4-6 injections using one of the possible methods of 50-180 mg per kilogram of body weight (to understand how to dilate Cefotaxime with novocaine, carefully read the instructions) . If a severe course of the disease is observed, use 100-200 mg / kg. It is permissible to take up to 12 g of the drug per day.
Preparation of injection solutions
Intravenous injection
In sterile water for injection (4 ml), 1 g of the drug is diluted. The solution is administered over 3-5 minutes, it is important to ensure its slow entry into the body.
Intravenous infusion (drip)
In 50-100 ml of solvent (5% dextrose solution or 0.9% sodium chloride), 1-2 g of the drug are diluted and infused for 50-60 minutes.
Intramuscular injection
For 4 ml of solution (1% novocaine solution, water for injection), take 1 g of the drug, make an injection into the buttock, the needle should go deep into the muscle.
Compliance with special instructions when using the drug
"Cefotaxime", analogues in tablets for which are not available, are used in accordance with special instructions. Before using the medicine, it is necessary to exclude the likelihood of allergies. For patients who may have an allergic reaction to penicillins, the drug should be used with extreme caution. If the body is sensitive to substances contained in the drug, its use is discontinued. In the treatment of more than 10 days, a periodic check of peripheral blood circulation is required. To exclude undesirable reactions, alcohol should be abandoned during treatment.
Overdose, side effects
"Cefotaxime", analogues in suspension have a large number of side effects:
- allergic manifestations (urticaria, itching, rash, fever, chills, bronchospasm, anaphylaxis, eosinophilia, angioedema, Lyell and Stevens-Johnson syndromes);
- digestive disorders (abdominal pain, dysbiosis, flatulence, nausea, vomiting, constipation or diarrhea, liver dysfunction, in rare cases, pseudomembranous colitis);
- glossitis, stomatitis;
- disorders in the hematopoietic system (hypocoagulation, hemolytic anemia, thrombocytopenia, granulocytopenia, neutropenia, leukopenia);
- dysfunction of the urinary organs (interstitial nephritis, anuria, oliguria, azotemia, high blood urea);
- dizziness, headache;
- negative processes in the cardiovascular system (arrhythmias that carry a potential threat to life);
- local adverse reactions (infiltrate, pain with i / m, phlebitis);
- changes in laboratory parameters (false positive Coombs reaction);
- superinfection (oral candidiasis, candidal vaginitis).
Cefotaxime, an analogue of the drug when used in high doses, can lead to an overdose accompanied by seizures and other symptoms, among which are irritability, tremor, encephalopathy (this symptom is especially common in people suffering from renal failure). To eliminate the consequences of an overdose, symptomatic therapy is used.
Drug interaction with other drugs
If you need to find a tool with a composition similar to the composition of Cefotaxime, it will not be difficult to select an analog. But regardless of what drug is used to treat the drug, using an analog or the original, in any case, the interaction of the drug with other medicines should be taken into account.
When Cefotaxime is used simultaneously with potentially nephrotoxic drugs, such as furosemide, aminoglycoside antibiotics, it is very important to monitor the functioning of the kidneys, since there is a risk of nephrotic exposure.
Cefotaxime is often used to treat many infections and prevent their development. Instructions for use, analogues of the drug must be studied, since this tool can cause allergies, has a lot of side effects and other features. Solutions of the drug should not be used in conjunction with solutions of other antibiotics, they can not be combined in a dropper and syringe.
Analogs
For Cefotaxime, the analogue must be selected according to the active substance. From structural analogues, we can distinguish:
- cefotaxime sodium salt;
- cefotaxime vial, sandoz, sodium and lek;
- cefosin;
- cefantral;
- cefabol;
- cetax;
- thyrotax;
- Tarcefoxime;
- talcef;
- tax-o-bid;
- spirozine;
- resibelact;
- oritaxime;
- oritax;
- liforan;
- clafotaxime;
- claforan;
- clafobrine;
- kefoteks;
- intrataxime.
Since there is a wide selection of drugs, it is not difficult to select an analogue for the drug “Cefotaxime”, but since analogues can have other side effects, and their therapeutic effect may be weaker, the replacement of the original drug must be selected very carefully. To avoid undesirable consequences, you should find out the maximum information about the medicines that are planned to be used.