The most frequent disturbance in the functioning of veins and arteries is due to their blockage. The formation of a thrombus, or embolus, from which thromboembolism develops, leads to such a situation. What it is? A pathological process in which the pulmonary artery is blocked. Blood clots usually form in a large circle of blood circulation, in
right ventricle or in the atrium. Sometimes this condition does not have serious consequences, and sometimes it can be fatal.
Why does thromboembolism develop?
The causes of blood clots are directly related to violations of the fibrinolysis process. Emboluses form on the walls of blood vessels, increase and break off over time, starting their path through the body, it is because of them that thromboembolism can occur. What are emboli? In fact, it is just a blood clot. Reaching a smaller vessel, the embolus overlaps it. Various diseases can contribute to this process, for example, leg thrombophlebitis, myocardial infarction, rheumatism, arterial hypertension, obesity, atherosclerosis, infectious endocarditis. Even bed rest can be dangerous. It is important that the bed patient take fibrinolytics and perform therapeutic exercises for the legs. In order for a thrombus to form, three factors must develop: damage to the vascular wall, slowing blood flow, and increasing blood coagulation. When these conditions are combined, the danger of
growls.
How is the disease manifested?
For diagnosis, the rate of development of arterial damage, concomitant disorders and the volume of affected vessels, as well as the general condition of the patient, are important. In general, the clinical picture does not have any special visible signs, therefore, a problem can often be recognized only at a critical moment. Nevertheless, there are some symptoms. For example, cardiovascular disorders, signaling that thromboembolism has occurred. What it is? As a rule, this is acute vascular insufficiency with a strong drop in blood pressure, pain in the sternum, radiating in the left arm and shoulder blade, pulmonary edema, tachycardia, cerebral hypoxia, cerebral edema, accompanied by dizziness, tinnitus, convulsions, coma. There are also pulmonary-pleural signs indicating that the patient has thromboembolism. What it is? This is acute respiratory failure, wheezing in the bronchi and lung infarction, accompanied by shortness of breath, coughing up blood and pain in the sternum. With a febrile manifestation of blockage of the artery, inflammation in the lungs occurs, and with abdominal veins of the liver swell, pain occurs in
equal hypochondrium. In any case, early hospitalization is necessary if you have suspicions that thromboembolism has developed.
Disease treatment
The patient needs resuscitation measures to exclude a threat to life. Blood circulation is being restored, pulmonary blood flow is normalized, and prevention of pulmonary hypertension is also needed. Perhaps the appointment of oxygen therapy and fibrinolytics, in the presence of inflammation, antibiotic therapy is carried out. All symptoms are prevented by improvised medical means. Without hospitalization, the patient is not treated.