All abnormalities associated with urination are combined in the term "dysuric syndrome." The ailment is manifested by frequent urges to the toilet or pain when the bladder is empty, or a person with such a pathology cannot go to urinate at all.
Most often, dysuric disorders are accompanied by diseases in the genitourinary sphere and neurological diseases. However, these can be independent deviations.
The ICD-10 code for dysuric syndrome is R30.
Varieties and signs of illness
Difficulties with the outflow of urine can be of a different nature. It depends on the cause. Most often in the urethra, it cuts, heaviness is felt in the lower abdomen, after emptying - discomfort, it seems as if the body is constantly full.
Dysuric syndrome may be:
- Pollakiuria, manifested by increased urination.
- Incontinence, when the outflow is difficult to control and the urge is not accompanied.
- Stranguria - there is a drop of urine, drops appear in the urethra.
- Ishuria - the inability to independently empty the bladder and hold the contents with a strong desire to urinate.
- Polyuria - a large amount of fluid in one act.
- Oligakiuria, when the amount of urine is insufficient.
For all these disorders, complex therapy is required. If such symptoms are found, you should definitely visit a doctor.
Acute urinary retention is an emergency in which the patient needs urgent care.
Etiology of the disease
Dysuric syndrome usually provokes pathologies of the urinary system. The bladder, ureters, kidneys are affected. Women often have problems in the gynecological sphere: fibroids, PMS. Also, such a syndrome occurs during pregnancy.
Neurotic causes of the disease are also possible. A person can suffer from emotional overstrain, alcohol intoxication, stress, as well as diseases in which the central and peripheral nervous systems are affected as a result of injuries. With diabetes, problems with urine separation are often noted. The presence of congenital pathologies, acquired defects causes various types of dysuria.
How is the disease manifested?
Dysuric syndrome manifests itself in different ways:
- Pollakiuria. There is no violation of diuresis and kidney function, however, a person suffers from frequent urges (15 times or more per day). The amount of urine that is released is small.
- Nocturia. Increased urination is noted, usually at night, in the daytime, the desire to go to the toilet is rare. This condition is uncomfortable, night sleep is disturbed.
- Stranguria. It is difficult for the patient to urinate, after visiting the toilet, the feeling of incomplete emptying is maintained.
- Ishuria Due to the inability to go to the toilet, the bladder is full, pain occurs. To alleviate the condition of the patient, a catheter is often used. Due to the multiplication of bacterial microflora, inflammation in the urinary system is observed.
- Enuresis (incontinence). The process of urination becomes arbitrary, it is difficult for the patient to control it. Most often this happens in a dream.
Clinical signs
Depending on the nature of the disorder, the symptoms of dysuric disorders syndrome are manifested:
- pain from the lower abdomen;
- change in the frequency of urges (increase or decrease);
- the inability to control the sphincter of the bladder (enuresis or difficulty removing urine).
Also, dysuria may additionally appear with the following symptoms:
- itching or burning in the perineum;
- changes in the nature of urine (turbidity, the presence of impurities);
- fever;
- the appearance of discharge from the urethra.
A patient with this pathology experiences painful inconvenience. Frequent night desires breaks sleep. In the presence of pollakiuria or enuresis, a person tries not to visit public places, to stay close to the toilet. An additional danger is that secondary infections are not excluded.
The main causes of the disease
Pathologies that provoke dysuric syndrome can belong to the following groups:
- Urological. Signs of dysuria are more common with infections or tumors of the urinary tract, kidney stones, or after scarring of the bladder.
- Andrological. In representatives of the stronger sex, the disease provokes neoplasms of the prostate and sexually transmitted infections.
- Gynecological. In women, dysuria leads to muscle weakness in the perineum, uterine prolapse, and genital inflammation. The physiological manifestations of the syndrome in women are during pregnancy, before menstruation or with menopause.
- Endocrine. Most often, diabetes leads to pathology, less often thyroid dysfunction and other hormonal disorders.
- Neurological. Disruptions in the sympathetic and parasympathetic systems cause disturbances in the innervation of the bladder. It happens because of injuries or tumors in the brain and spinal cord, alcohol abuse, taking psychotropic drugs.
- Psychological. Due to overwork and stress, there is a reflex urinary retention or, conversely, frequent urination.
- Physiological. A temporary violation is accompanied by rehabilitation after surgery or bladder injury.
Dysuric syndrome in children
The most common causes of urinary disorders in children, especially in infants and infants of the first year of life, are congenital pathologies. Moreover, they relate not only to the excretory system, but also to neurology.
According to Dr. Komarovsky, for any manifestations of the syndrome, it is recommended to examine the baby for infectious diseases. However, some symptoms are considered up to a certain age. For example, the presence of nighttime incontinence, referred to by the special term “enuresis” and more common in boys, should not bother parents up to the age of 4-5 years of their child.
Diagnostics
Signs of dysuric syndrome are detected after questioning the patient. In order to determine the provoking factor, the following medical studies can be prescribed:
- blood and urine tests;
- taking a gynecological smear in women;
- in men, a test for prostatic antigen;
- ultrasound of the kidneys and pelvic organs;
- CT scan;
- tumor biopsy;
- urethroscopy (visual examination with a special catheter).
After the differential diagnosis was carried out and the cause of the pathology was identified, the patient is selected for treatment.
Disease therapy
There is no diagnosis of dysuric syndrome in medicine, it is indicated after the main pathology that provokes an urinary disorder. They treat the main ailment, and to help the patient and reduce the severity of symptoms, they use:
- drugs that reduce the tone of the bladder (M-anticholinergics, alpha-1-blockers) in order to reduce the frequency of urges;
- antibiotics in the presence of urinary tract infections;
- non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs to reduce pain and non-infectious inflammation;
- exercises to strengthen the muscles of the perineum and pelvic muscles;
- electrical stimulation.
Surgical intervention is resorted to only in case of violation of patency of the urinary tract (with tumors, pathological narrowing, adhesions). The prognosis for oncology will not be favorable in all cases, but if benign tumors or adhesions are observed, complete recovery occurs.
Prevention
To prevent dysuric syndrome, it is necessary to prevent the formation of provoking diseases. For this:
- timely treat various genitourinary tract inflammations and other pathologies;
- avoid injuries of the abdomen, spine and brain;
- fully relax and try to adequately respond to stress;
- Do not overcool;
- refuse alcohol and bad habits, go in for sports.