In this article, we consider antibiotics for gallbladder inflammation.
Acute cholecystitis is a pathology that occurs suddenly and is accompanied by an inflammatory lesion in the gallbladder, intense pain in the abdomen (pain is aggravated by palpation of the right hypochondrium), chills and fever, vomiting with impurities of bile, the occurrence of laboratory markers of inflammatory non-specific reactions and signs of pathology gall bladder by ultrasound.
The main role in the development of such a pathological condition is played by biliary hypertension (impaired bile outflow associated with obstruction of the ducts of the gallbladder with calculus, detritus, mucus, giardia) and infection of the bile fluid. The introduction of infection into the cavity of this organ can be enterogenic, lymphogenous or hematogenous or character.
The use of antibiotics for cholecystitis
The basis of drug treatment in the acute period is the use of a variety of antispasmodic drugs, antibiotics for gallbladder inflammation, NSAIDs, crystalloid infusion solutions.
Antibiotic therapy for the inflammatory process in the gallbladder is mandatory and helps reduce the likelihood of developing some complications, including septic. Antibiotics for chronic cholecystitis are prescribed at the stage of exacerbation, that is, when an acute attack of the disease occurs. During the period of remission of the pathological process, antibacterial treatment is not carried out.
In most cases, cholecystitis is initially associated with a violation of the outflow of bile and its subsequent infection. It should be noted that the bacterial element of inflammation can join even with initially aseptic cholecystitis. This is because a violation of the bile outflow is accompanied by an increase in the concentration of lysolecithin, which damages the mucous membrane of the gallbladder. In this regard, antibiotics for inflammation of this organ are prescribed to patients without fail.
The specialist selects antibiotics for the treatment of cholecystitis, taking into account the main infectious pathogens of the inflammatory process. Thus, they should act on E. coli, pseudomonads, Klebsiella, staphylococci, streptococci, enterococci, etc.
Consider antibiotics for gallbladder inflammation.
Types of drugs
The main categories of drugs with the highest effectiveness during cholecystitis are:
- beta-lactams (cephalosporins and inhibitor-protected penicillins, in severe cases of the disease carbapenems can be used);
- macrolides ("Erythromycin", "Clarithromycin");
- fluoroquinolones (Ciprofloxacin);
- tetracyclines ("Doxycycline");
- lincosamines (Clindamycin);
- derivatives of nitroimidazole ("Ornidazole", "Metronidazole").
The names of antibiotics for inflammation of the gallbladder are heard by many.
The medicine "Metronidazole" for acute cholecystitis is prescribed in combination with other antibacterial drugs. Separately, this medication, like Ornidazole, is not prescribed. Nitroimidazole preparations are used for mixed infectious lesions. They are prescribed in addition to the main antibiotic (cephalosporins, fluoroquinolones, etc.), which allows to maximize the spectrum of the drug.
For complex enterococcal infections, it is recommended to use a complex of inhibitor-protected ampicillin with gentamicin, an aminoglycoside antibiotic.
The drug "Amoxicillin" with cholecystitis is also prescribed in the inhibitor-protected version (with clavulanic acid). The use of this antibiotic as monotherapy is not recommended, due to the high risk of resistance of the infectious agent.
In severe acute cholecystitis with a high probability of septic complications, carbapenems, for example, Ertapenem, are used. For moderate inflammation of the gallbladder, other beta-lactam antibiotics are recommended: cephalosporins, inhibitor-protected penicillins, aminopenicillins (Ampicillin).
The antibacterial drug “Ciprofloxacin” for cholecystitis is prescribed for patients with intolerance to beta-lactam antibiotics.
Among cephalosporin antibacterial drugs, the following are most often prescribed:
- "Cefuroxime";
- "Cefazolin";
- Cefotaxime.
The drug "Ceftriaxone" during cholecystitis is not recommended, since such treatment can provoke stagnation of bile and the formation of calculi in the gallbladder.
What is the most effective antibiotic for gallbladder inflammation, patients want to know.
In acute cholecystitis, antibiotic therapy is usually prescribed for five to seven days. In the chronic form of this disease (in the acute stage) or with complicated acute inflammation, these drugs can be used longer - seven to ten days. The following is a brief overview of the drugs.
Ampicillin
This antibiotic for gallbladder inflammation belongs to the category of semi-synthetic aminopenicillins. The medicine is highly effective for cholecystitis provoked by Escherichia coli, Proteus, enterococcus, streptococci and staphylococci.
In high concentrations, this drug accumulates bile, even with severe cholestasis. By cons of this antibiotic is that it is destroyed by the enzymes of pathogenic bacteria with beta-lactamases, therefore, if it is assumed that inflammation is provoked by beta-lactamase-producing strains, it is recommended to use an inhibitor-resistant treatment option: Ampicillin + Sulbactam. This antibacterial medication is prescribed 0.5-1 grams intramuscularly every 6 hours. In case of severe course, the daily dosage can be increased to 6 grams, by 4-6 injections.
This is confirmed by the instruction for an antibiotic for gallbladder inflammation.
In childhood, after 6 years, the drug is prescribed at 100 mg / kg per day. The daily dosage is also divided into 4-6 injections. For patients with renal dysfunction, the dose is adjusted based on the glomerular filtration rate. This antibiotic is contraindicated in patients with mononucleosis, severe kidney and liver diseases, lymphoproliferative pathologies, and beta-lactam intolerance. However, it can be used in the treatment of cholecystitis in pregnant women. If it is necessary to use this product during the lactation period, natural feeding should be temporarily stopped.
What antibiotics to take for gallbladder inflammation, the doctor will tell.
Oksamp
With cholecystitis staphylococcal nature of origin, and especially in severe forms provoked by penicillin-forming strains, a combination of substances is used - ampicillin and oxacillin. The latter belongs to the penicillin group, but unlike ampicillin, bacterial enzymes are not destroyed. The list of contraindications for the use of such an antibiotic includes lymphocytic leukemia, high sensitivity, infectious mononucleosis. In childhood, this medication can be used after 3 years of age, during pregnancy - after assessing the ratio of benefits and risks, during lactation - feeding is stopped. For children after 14 years of age and adults, Oksamp is prescribed 500-1000 mg 4 times a day. Children after 7 years old - at a dosage of 50 mg per kilogram of weight per day.
What antibiotic for gallbladder inflammation can I use?
Cefazolin (Kefzol)
This antibacterial drug belongs to the category of cephalosporin antibiotics of the first generation. This medicine has high activity against a wide range of pathogenic microorganisms, including all the main causative agents of gallbladder inflammation.
The medication is contraindicated in patients prone to allergic reactions to beta-lactams and in children under 1 month of age. During pregnancy, an antibiotic can be prescribed only when the expected benefit is higher than the possible risk.
For adult patients with cholecystitis, the drug “Cefazolin” is prescribed 500-1000 mg twice a day. If the disease is severe, the antibiotic can be prescribed in higher doses, but only a doctor decides on this. In childhood, the drug is prescribed at 25-50 mg / kg per day. The daily dose is divided into 3-4 injections. In severe cases of pathology, the daily volume of the drug may increase to 100 mg per kilogram of weight.
Antibiotics for inflammation of the gallbladder and ducts can be purchased at any pharmacy.
Ciprofloxacin
This antibiotic belongs to the category of fluoroquinolones and is a preparation of a wide spectrum of antibacterial activity. In high concentrations, it is able to accumulate in bile and act on all the most common pathogens in the inflammatory process of this organ.
"Ciprofloxacin" during the development of cholecystitis is not used if the patient has allergies or other contraindications to the use of beta-lactam antibiotics. The dosage for adult patients is - 0.5 - 0.75 g twice a day.
Like other fluoroquinolones, ciprofloxacin is not used in the treatment of children under the age of 18 years, as well as during pregnancy and lactation. In addition, this drug is contraindicated in patients with glucose-six-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency, severe functional pathologies of the kidneys and liver, tendon inflammation, intolerance to fluoroquinolone antibacterial agents. With extreme caution, the medication can be prescribed to people with pathologies of the central nervous system, mental disorders, cerebral circulation, patients in old age.
What antibiotics to drink with inflammation of the gallbladder, it is important to find out in advance.
"Metronidazole"
This antibiotic belongs to the category of nitroimidazole derivatives, and is additionally assigned to the main antibiotic therapy, in cases of suspected combined aerobic-anaerobic infection.
This medication is not prescribed for women in the first trimester of the gestation period, patients with CNS pathologies, severe liver damage, and blood diseases. In the second and third trimesters, a medicine can be prescribed only if absolutely necessary. Breastfeeding during therapy is stopped. For all types of cholecystitis, the pharmacological antibacterial agent Metronidazole is prescribed in a dosage of 0.5 g intravenously every 6 hours. For children, this antibiotic is prescribed at 7.5 mg per kilogram with the same frequency of intravenous administration.
Treatment of gallbladder inflammation with antibiotics should be comprehensive and timely.
Medication "Doxycycline"
"Doxycycline" is a broad-spectrum antibacterial medication that has activity against many bacteria that can provoke the occurrence of cholecystitis. It is not prescribed independently, but with complex antibacterial treatment.
This medication has a very extensive list of contraindications, which includes such pathologies as porphyria, leukopenia, severe liver failure, hypersensitivity to tetracycline, lactation, pregnancy and up to 8 years of age. In addition, the drug can cause many adverse reactions: nausea, abdominal pain, vomiting, dizziness, anorexia, edema, skin rash, sweating, eosinophilia, photosensitivity, thrombocytopenia, neutropenia, hemolytic anemia, the development of intestinal dysbiosis, thrush, and discoloration of the teeth.
Cholecystitis involves taking this antibiotic in a dosage of 200 mg, followed by a dose reduction to 10 mg per day for 10-14 days.
What antibiotics should be taken for gallbladder inflammation, everyone should know.
The drug "Clindamycin"
This medication is a broad-spectrum antibiotic, produced in various dosage forms for the treatment of infectious pathologies, including cholecystitis. The medicine is widely used in pediatrics. Contraindications to its use are hypersensitivity, impaired liver or kidney function, myasthenia gravis, bronchial asthma, ulcerative colitis. The dosage for adults is 150-450 mg - 10 days. The children's dose is calculated by the doctor individually.
So it is said in the instructions for use for an antibiotic from inflammation of the gallbladder. Such therapy for cholecystitis is aimed at achieving the following effects:
- normalization of outflow of bile;
- a decrease in the severity of inflammatory reactions;
- elimination of the infectious component;
- detoxification.
Reviews on antibiotics for gallbladder inflammation
On the forums on the Internet you can find many reviews regarding the treatment of inflammation of the gallbladder. The main focus of treatment, according to patients who have suffered from this disease, is the use of antibacterial drugs. The selection of a treatment regimen is carried out by a specialist. In this case, according to patients, the doctor takes into account the whole range of laboratory studies to identify the causes of the development of the pathological process, takes into account the variety of infectious pathogen, etc. Antibiotics in most cases are prescribed in combination, but sometimes only one of them can be prescribed. It depends on the stage of the disease, its features and the severity of the course.
Most often, judging by the information from the reviews, patients were prescribed antibiotics for inflammation of the gallbladder and liver, such as cephalosporins and penicillins. These drugs were well tolerated by many patients, however, there are indications of the occurrence of some side effects. For example, most patients experienced dizziness, dyspepsia, stool disorders in the form of constipation or diarrhea. Drugs were canceled only in cases of the development of severe adverse reactions and in the event of allergic phenomena.
We examined which antibiotics are prescribed for gallbladder inflammation.