Many people think that a sign of a runny nose is the accumulation of a large amount of mucus in the nose. This is true, but it is worth adding that there is a pathology when the mucous membrane dries up. Such an ailment is called dry rhinitis. Symptoms, treatment and causes of this disease will be discussed in this article.
Pathology Features
Dry nose rhinitis is a chronic disease. During its development, drying out occurs, and subsequently, atrophy of the nasal mucosa. Pathology refers to one of the varieties of chronic atrophic rhinitis. Only the initial parts of the nasal cavity are inflamed. That's why the more accurate name of the disease is anterior dry rhinitis.
The pathology does not pass quickly. Often it is left unattended, but appearing once, it can go into a chronic form. Treatment of the disease must be carried out. Otherwise, complications may appear: resorption of the nasal septum, the appearance of ulcers and so on.
This disease is dangerous for kids. Up to two years, the children have not yet fully developed the respiratory tract. The consequences can be serious. One thing is good - this disease is not often found in crumbs. They diagnose it more in middle-aged people, and especially in men.
Varieties
There are two types of disease:
- Dry anterior rhinitis is a type of atrophic rhinitis. The front part of the nasal cavity is inflamed, the localization of inflammation is the area of the nasal septum. Most often, the cause of the ailment is a chemical exposure or injury. If the disease is not treated, then atrophy of the mucosa may soon occur.
- Atrophic dry rhinitis is a chronic form of the disease, in which there is a decrease in the number or atrophy of the mucosa. During the development of the pathological process, the secreted mucus becomes unpleasant. The disease is always accompanied by dry organ, the formation of green crusts, minor bleeding. The mucous membrane becomes thinner, the nerve endings located in the nasal cavity atrophy. This type of disease is diagnosed quite rarely.
Reasons for the appearance
There are many of them. The human body constantly loses fluid. She leaves through the skin, even if you do not sweat. The following factors contribute to the development of the disease:
- The drier the air around you, the more dryness will appear in your mouth and nose.
- Abuse of vasoconstrictor drops with a runny nose, antihistamines and glucocorticoid drugs for allergies.
- Atrophy or proliferation of the nasal mucosa.
- The cause of dry rhinitis can be diabetes. In addition to dry mucous membranes, symptoms such as frequent urination or thirst are also added.
- The causative factors include chronic nasal infections.
- Curvature of the nasal septum, pregnancy, weakened immunity.
- Infectious diseases of the lungs, gastrointestinal tract.
- Stress, frequent sniffing, blowing your nose.
The main causes of the onset of the disease include not completely cured diseases, surgical intervention, improper treatment, or even the absence thereof.
Symptoms
Treatment of dry rhinitis largely depends on the stage of development of the disease. At the initial stage, a person constantly feels a feeling of thirst, but with the use of fluid it only intensifies.
Discharge from the nose at the beginning of the development of pathology may be absent, but swelling of the mucosa provokes a feeling of nasal congestion. Blowing out causes bleeding.
Shortness of breath provokes the appearance of a headache, heaviness in the forehead, does not allow focus.
During this period, the temperature may rise, a feeling of soreness in the throat.
The main signs of the disease:
- dry mucous membranes;
- the discomfort;
- inability to blow your nose completely;
- constant feeling of a foreign body in the nose;
- poor quality of sleep;
- partial or complete loss of smell.
Atrophic processes occur in the lower parts of the nasal cavity. Itching appears, the timbre of the voice changes.
Diagnostics
At the first signs of the disease, you should immediately consult a specialist. Detection of the disease at the initial stage, before the appearance of strong purulent discharge, leads to a favorable outcome, and also prevents an irreversible process. With dry rhinitis, the symptoms and treatment depend on the time the disease was detected.
The diagnosis is determined on the basis of a visual examination. The mucous membrane is hypertrophied, swollen vessels are visible on it.
During rhinoscopy in the nasal cavity, the following objective signs are observed:
- organ expanded;
- a large amount of dried mucus;
- greenish crusts may occur (pus formation in the damaged area);
- the mucous membrane is thinned, pale;
- the number of vessels decreased, they appear on the surface of the nasal concha.
The second stage - smear - scraping. It is taken from the mucous organ. Thanks to him, the presence of bad microorganisms that caused the disease is detected.
Treatment methods
Now let's talk about how to treat dry rhinitis. Getting rid of the disease should be under the supervision of a specialist. No self-medication. For the quickest recovery, the following measures are used:
- rinsing the nasal cavity with preparations containing sea water to moisten the mucosa (Marimer, Aqualor, normal saline);
- weak alkaline solution (to remove crusts). The tool can not be used for a long time;
- glucose on glycerin, arborvitae and rosehip oil, fish oil for lubricating the nose;
- the use of "Solcoseryl" (gel or ointment);
- antihistamines (Suprastin, Tavegil, Claritin) with severe organ congestion;
- "Interferon" is instilled into the nose to increase local immunity;
- oil and alkaline inhalations, moisturizing the nasal cavity;
- local antibiotics to get rid of the infection.
A little more about treatment
In order to completely get rid of the disease, it is necessary to find the reasons. This may be due to professional activities, the presence of bad habits. These factors should be discarded in order to eliminate the causes.
For treatment, you can use other general preventive measures:
- eating foods that are high in vitamins;
- humidify indoor air;
- prevent the accumulation of large amounts of dust;
- walks in the open air;
- rest on the sea coast;
- balneotherapy.
Useful to take:
- vitamin and mineral complexes;
- substances for better blood microcirculation;
- aloe in the form of tablets or juice;
- immunomodulators and angioprotectors.
Do not forget about traditional medicine. Her recipes are also of great importance for the treatment and prevention of dry rhinitis.
ethnoscience
Answering the question of how to cure dry rhinitis, one should not forget about folk recipes. Of course, it is hardly possible to completely get rid of the problem using them, but they can alleviate the condition. Most often, this method is recommended as an addition to the main therapy. Be sure to consult a specialist before starting treatment. Can be used:
- Baths with soda or mustard. This tool is very effective, but it should be used only with positive readings of body temperature. Well suited as an addition to the main treatment.
- The use of aloe juice helps a lot. It is instilled 2-3 drops four times a day in each nostril.
- You can wash the body with saline, but with the addition of calendula infusion.
- Nasal passages are lubricated with petroleum jelly, menthol or sea buckthorn oil.
- You can also use tincture of chamomile, oak bark, sage for washing. Oak bark reduces fragility of blood vessels.
Average age
The symptoms of dry rhinitis are already known. Treatment in adults is practically no different from pediatric therapy.
Folk remedies and medicines are used. The latter should be prescribed by a doctor after determining the cause of the pathology.
In the treatment of rhinitis in adults, antibacterial drugs are used:
- Cephalosporin of the third and fourth generation.
- Aminoglycosides and Fluoroquinolones.
- Ciprofloxacin, rifampicin, estradiol.
- to facilitate breathing - Tizin and Naftzin.
The use of combined preparations with the addition of oil will make the peels softer. In this case, the drug and dosage are prescribed by a doctor.
Still for the treatment of ailment in adults, ultraviolet radiation, electrophoresis using nicotinic acid are used. The nasal mucosa is treated with solutions of tinctures of mint, sage, chamomile, iodine-glycerin.
If all efforts are in vain, then only surgical intervention will help.
Child and problem solving
How and how to treat dry rhinitis in children? This question is of interest to many mothers.
The first thing parents should pay attention to is the cause of the ailment.
The second is therapy, which always consists of an integrated approach. Otherwise, the desired effect will not work.
Third, all procedures must be performed correctly. This is especially true for rinsing the nose.
Now we turn to medical treatment.
The most reliable and effective means is moisturizing the nasal mucosa. Used saline, sea salt. In the children's room, the air should be humidified. To achieve this, you can purchase special devices (humidifiers). Ventilation and wet cleaning are no less important factors that will help to achieve the desired result.
The cause of dryness may be an allergy. In this case, the doctor prescribes antihistamines.
Inhalations with alkaline solutions can also be used. They help to normalize the outflow of nasal mucus.
Vasoconstrictor drops for dry rhinitis are prescribed for a child with headaches.
The baby’s nose should be constantly cleansed.
Preventive actions
It was described above what are the symptoms of dry rhinitis. Treatment should be prescribed based on a comprehensive examination.
The disease is chronic. It is important not to aggravate it. Therefore, you should pay attention to the following recommendations:
- Treatment should be started when discomfort occurs.
- If you feel dry in the nasal cavity, immediately start flushing.
- Regular wet cleaning in the room, proper nutrition.
- Every winter and spring, drink a course of vitamin-mineral complex.
- To protect against bad viruses and bacteria, use Protargol nasal drops.
Dry rhinitis is a disease that is diagnosed in both children and adults. You can get rid of it at home, but only by following the recommendations of a doctor.
In order to avoid complications, it is necessary to consult a specialist in time. Remember that ignoring the problem may necessitate surgery.