Antibiotic treatment is a common treatment for many diseases. These drugs can have a quick effect on the numerous bacteria that caused a particular disease. This article will focus on the suspension “Amoxiclav”. Instructions for use of this tool are of interest to many.
What is this medication? What diseases is it prescribed for? Does it have contraindications and side effects? The answers to these questions can be found in the instructions for use of the suspension “Amoksiklav”. For children and adults, the drug is used as an effective tool in the fight against many diseases.
Release form
What is this drug? It is noteworthy that this is not a suspension in liquid form, but a powder for the preparation of a solution. The color of the powder varies between white and yellowish shades, just like a suspension prepared from it.
The composition of the package includes the powder itself, as well as a darkened glass bottle of one hundred milliliters and a measuring syringe or spoon.
The dosage of the drug can be different - 400 milligrams, 250 or 125. For children, Amoxiclav suspension is most often used in the minimum dosage. However, we will talk about this a little lower.
What is the active substance of the drug?
Briefly about the composition
Thanks to which components, does the drug have an antibacterial effect? As explained in the annotation to the medication, the active substances are amoxicillin trihydrate (which is semisynthetic penicillin), as well as potassium salt (or cavulanic acid). Thanks to this compound, the antimicrobial effect of the antibiotic is enhanced.
How much is the active substance in the preparation? According to the instructions for use in the suspension “Amoxiclav 250 mg”, the amount of amoxicillin trihydrate in five milliliters of the finished solution is 250 milligrams. What is the dosage of the second active ingredient? According to the instructions for the suspension “Amoxiclav 250 mg”, the amount of potassium acid is 62.5 milligrams.
As for other dosages. Accordingly, in the suspension “Amoxiclav 400 mg” the content of semisynthetic penicillin will be four hundred milligrams. Cavulanic acid contains 57 milligrams per five milliliters of the finished solution.
And what about the lowest dosage of Amoxiclav suspension? 125 milligrams - so much is amoxicillin in five milliliters of the finished solution. The second active substance is present in a dosage of 31.25 milligrams.
Are excipients included in the preparation? Sure. First of all, these are sweeteners (without added sugar) and flavorings, thanks to which it is pleasant for young children (and adult patients) to use medicine for treatment. The product may have several flavors - strawberry, cherry or lemon.
Among other additional components, it is necessary to mention anhydrous sodium citrate, microcrystalline cellulose, anhydrous citric acid, silicon dioxide, sodium saccharin, xanthan gum, sodium benzoate, mannitol and others.
So, we met in detail with the composition of the tool. And now let's find out why it is so remarkable.
Effects on the body
As mentioned above, the use of potassium salt together with amoxicillin increases the antibacterial effect of the latter. However, it should be said here that cavulanic acid also has an independent, but very mild, spectrum of action similar to the effect of an antibiotic. Moreover, potassium salt protects the main component from the damaging effects of beta-lactomas, which are specially produced by harmful microorganisms to destroy useful antibiotics.
What bacteria do amoxicillin act on? The list of harmful organisms is quite impressive. These are streptococci, boardtella, and staphylococci, and protea, and echinococci, and clostridiums, salmonella, brucella and many others. What makes the drug capable of destroying such harmful microorganisms?
As the instructions for the Amoxiclav suspension explain, the antibiotic acts at the cellular level, disrupting the external walls of bacteria and thereby leading to their death.
Pharmacokinetic features of the drug
From the organs of the gastrointestinal tract, the drug is quickly absorbed into the bloodstream, and neither its food intake nor its quantity affects its effectiveness. Sixty minutes after administration in plasma, the maximum amount of amoxicillin is reached. The active substances of the drug are quickly distributed along the walls of blood vessels in the fluids and tissues of the human body, getting into various synovial fluid, muscle tissue, tonsils, mucous membranes, lungs, liver, prostate gall bladder, bronchi, pelvic organs, and so on. These substances can pass through the placental barrier and even pass into breast milk.
The antibiotic is excreted through the liver, lungs and kidneys quickly enough. Its half-life equals one and a half hours. If the functions of the kidneys or liver are impaired, then the half-life increases to seven to eight hours after administration.
As you can see, the drug is a fairly powerful tool with a wide spectrum of action on almost all organs of the human body.
Many parents are interested in the instructions for using Amoxiclav suspension for children. We will pay special attention to this question a little lower. Now let's discuss in which cases it is advisable to prescribe the drug to treat not only small patients, but also adults.
When is the agent used
As mentioned above, amoxicillin has a huge effect on almost all organs of the human body. Therefore, it is actively prescribed for infections of various localization. The antibiotic is effective in bacterial inflammatory processes that occur in the respiratory tract. First of all, these are acute or chronic ailments such as otitis media, sinusitis, pharyngitis, tonsillitis, pharyngeal abscess, bronchitis, pneumonia and so on.
Most often it is with such diseases that the Amoxiclav suspension is prescribed to children. We will discuss the instructions for using the drug a little later.
Also, the drug is widely used in gynecology for the development of infections of the genitourinary system. Bacterial lesions of bones and joints, gall bladder and other organs also suggest the use of an antibiotic. Also, amoxicillin is an indispensable drug for various injuries of the skin caused by cuts, animal bites, surgical intervention and so on.
How to take the drug for the successful treatment of the above ailments?
About dosage and mode of administration
The use of Amoxiclav suspension in the treatment of children and adults should be carried out in accordance with the doctor's recommendations. Only a specialist can prescribe the correct dosage of an antibiotic based on the clinical picture, as well as the patient's age and well-being.
However, the instructions for the suspension “Amoxiclav” give general recommendations on how to take the drug.
250 milligram dosage
Most often, a liquid antibiotic is prescribed for children. The instruction for Amoxiclav suspension explains how to take the product according to the age and weight of the child, as well as the severity of his illness. Adults are most often prescribed the drug of interest to us in tablets. However, there are exceptions.
So, how should I use Amoxiclav 250 mg suspension for children? The instructions for use provide information that can help determine the dosage of the drug. You can take the drug to infants from three months old, whose weight is not less than five kilograms. If the disease occurs in mild or moderate severity, then the suspension is taken orally at 1.25 milliliters three times a day. If the disease takes a severe form, doctors can recommend the use of two milliliters of the drug three times a day. An antibiotic should be taken at regular intervals, that is, in our case, every eight hours.
According to the instructions, the Amoxiclav suspension (250 mg) for children - from one to two years (with a body weight of ten to twelve kilograms) - is prescribed two milliliters of the drug for moderate illness and three milliliters of the drug for severe forms of the disease. per day is it necessary to take a liquid antibiotic for a speedy recovery? The recommended dose by the manufacturer is three times a day.
Children from two to four years of age (whose weight varies between twelve and fifteen kilograms) are prescribed 2.5 milliliters of suspension for diseases of moderate and mild severity, and for complicated infections, the dosage is increased to 3.75 milliliters. The recommended number of receptions per day is three times.
Children of four to six years old (with a body weight of fifteen to twenty kilograms) are prescribed a drug for internal use three times a day, three milliliters of suspension for a mild illness and five milliliters of suspension for complicated infections.
Children with a body weight of twenty to thirty kilograms (approximate age is six to ten years) are prescribed a drug of 4.5 or 7 milliliters three times a day, depending on the severity of the disease.
Older children (up to twelve years old, with a body weight of up to forty kilograms) can take 6.5 milliliters of a liquid antibiotic for a mild stage of the disease and 9.5 milliliters for a severe form of infection. The number of receptions - three times a day.
There are cases when it is necessary to prescribe the drug to newborns up to three months. In this case, the dosage of the Amoxiclav suspension is calculated using the following formula: thirty milligrams of amoxicillin per kilogram of the weight of the baby. How many times a day can I take medicine? Instructions for use recommend that you do this twice a day, every twelve hours.
So, we have examined in detail how to take “Amoxiclav 250 mg”. What can be said about the use of the drug with a higher and lower dosage of the active substance?
“Amoxiclav 125 mg”
Babies from three months to a year with a body weight of five to ten kilograms are prescribed this suspension of 2.5 milliliters for a mild infection and 3.75 milliliters for severe three times a day.
For children whose weight varies between ten and twelve kilograms (approximate age is one to two years), you can take a liquid antibiotic with a dosage of 3.75 milliliters if the disease is mild or moderate, and 6.25 milliliters if the disease is severe form. The number of receptions - three times a day.
Babies two to four years old (whose body weight varies from twelve to fifteen kilograms) are allowed to take five milliliters of suspension in a mild form of infection and 7.5 milliliters in a severe form. Use the drug three times a day every eight hours.
Children aged four to six years (whose weight does not exceed twenty kilograms) can take a liquid antibiotic of 6.25 milliliters if the disease is mild or moderate, and 9.5 milliliters if the disease takes a severe form.
For older children (weighing more than twenty kilograms), “Amoxiclav 125 mg” is practically not prescribed.
Four hundred milligram dosage
The drug, which includes amoxicillin in an amount of 400 mg, should be prescribed to children twice a day, every twelve hours. The recommended dose depends on the weight of the small patient and the severity of his illness.
Babies with a body weight of five to ten kilograms (approximate age - from three to twelve months) are prescribed a liquid antibiotic of 1.25 milliliters for moderate infection and 2.5 milliliters for severe complications of the disease.
Babies from one to two years old (whose weight does not exceed twelve kilograms) are recommended 2.5 milliliters of suspension if the disease is moderate, and 3.75 milliliters if the disease takes a severe form.
Children whose body weight varies between twelve and fifteen kilograms (approximate age is two to four years) can take the drug from 3.75 to 5 milliliters, depending on the severity of the infection. The same applies to children from four to six years of age (whose weight does not exceed twenty kilograms). For them, the recommended dosage ranges from 5-7.5 milliliters.
With moderate severity of the disease, children from six to ten years old and from ten to twelve years old are prescribed 6.5 milliliters. If the disease has a severe form of leakage, then the dosage of the suspension increases to ten milligrams.
As you can see, the dosage of Amoxiclav suspension depends not on the age of small patients, but on their weight.
Many parents are interested in how to properly prepare a liquid antibiotic. This will be discussed below.
How to breed powder
In their reviews, many parents complain that it is not easy for them to prepare a suspension. However, in reality, everything is not so complicated. It is important to follow the simple instructions below.
To prepare the medicine, we need water at room temperature (boiled or purified). First, add half the required amount of liquid to the powder bottle, then shake everything thoroughly. After that, add the second part of water and again mix the solution well. The suspension is ready to eat!
However, many are interested in how to correctly calculate the amount of liquid poured into the bottle? There is also nothing complicated. It all depends on the dosage of the purchased drug.
86 ml of water must be poured into the bottle for Amoxiclav 125 mg suspension (up to the required mark on the glass), 85 ml of liquid for Amoxiclav 250 mg suspension. And how to dilute a higher dosage of antibiotic powder?
It all depends on the size of the bottle in which the antibiotic is sold. If this is a capacity of 35 milliliters, then 29.5 ml of liquid is added; if the bottle is designed for fifty milliliters, then pour 42 ml of water. A capacity of seventy milliliters must be filled with 59 ml of liquid, and a bottle of 140 milliliters - 118 ml of water.
Storage Tips
The drug in undiluted form should be stored at temperatures up to 25 degrees in a dark and dry place, protected from children and animals.
The prepared suspension should be stored in the refrigerator at a temperature of two to eight degrees. The bottle should be tightly closed. Use the medicine for a week. Shake the bottle thoroughly before each use.
As you can see, Amoxiclav is the strongest antibiotic that must be used strictly according to the schedule prescribed by the doctor. This is due to the fact that the medication has a number of contraindications and side effects. This is what will be discussed in the sections below.
When you can not take an antibiotic
Suspension is categorically contraindicated if the patient is found to be individually intolerant of any components of the drug. That is why we have analyzed the composition of Amoxiclav in such detail at the very beginning of the article.
Moreover, if the patient has a history of an allergy to the penicillin group of antibiotics, cephalosporins or other beta-lactam substances, then the medication of interest to us is also contraindicated.
You can not take the drug with infectious mononucleosis or lymphocytic leukemia.
With extreme caution, one should approach the treatment with Amoxiclav of patients suffering from various kinds of acute forms of renal or liver failure.
Future and lactating mothers
In some cases, an antibiotic may be prescribed during pregnancy. Very rarely, in extremely difficult situations, it is taken during lactation. Since the active components of the drug can penetrate the placenta and excreted in breast milk, it is best to suspend breastfeeding during treatment with Amoxiclav.
In detail about a side
What negative symptoms can accompany an antibiotic?
First of all, the digestive system of the body can negatively respond to the intake of semisynthetic penicillin. This may result in decreased appetite, vomiting or nausea, and diarrhea.
Sometimes abdominal pain may occur, kidney disorders may appear (such ailments as hepatitis, jaundice, colitis).
The hematopoietic system can also negatively perceive an antibiotic. This will be expressed in the development of such phenomena as thrombocytopenia, eosinophilia, hemolytic anemia, leukopenia. These manifestations are considered reversible, that is, amenable to elimination.
What other unpleasant symptoms can occur during treatment with Amoxiclav?first of all, it is dizziness or headache, cramps, anxiety, mood swings, insomnia. Skin rashes, burning sensations on the epidermis, swelling and other allergy symptoms may also occur.
In rare cases, taking the drug can lead to an aggravation of the situation and the development of superinfection, including candidiasis.
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The average price of “Amoxiclav 125 mg” varies within one hundred rubles. It is clear that a higher dosage should be more expensive, but not by much. The average price of “Amoxiclav 400 mg” ranges from two hundred rubles.
Real reviews
What are the parents talking about when using this antibiotic in the treatment of their children? First of all, that it is very difficult to independently calculate the dosage of the drug. However, this does not need to be done. An antibiotic should be prescribed only by a doctor.
Also, many parents complain of a side effect - vomiting and diarrhea in babies, headaches. But still, very rarely, unpleasant symptoms are so severe that it is necessary to stop taking medication.
Nevertheless, most mothers recommend Amoxiclav as a really effective drug. According to reviews, an antibiotic can help in the shortest possible time overcome ARVI, bronchitis and even pneumonia. The results of treatment are visible already on the third day of admission.
As many say, the drug helped them not only in the treatment of respiratory infections, but also in the formation of skin abscesses or other damage to the epidermis.
Many parents are grateful to the manufacturers of Amoxiclav for the fact that the drug can be prescribed for the treatment of very young children. Even babies tolerate the antibiotic relatively well and recover very quickly thanks to its use.
Analogues of the drug
If we talk about identical drugs, which include amoxicillin, then this is primarily “Augmentin”, produced in the form of a powder for the preparation of a suspension. The drug has a composition and spectrum of action similar to that of Amoxiclav.
Another identical analogue of the product we are interested in can be called Amoxicillin, which is available in the form of tablets and capsules with various dosages. The composition of the drug includes the penicillin group antibiotic of the same name, which actively fights infections of the ENT organs, genitourinary system, epidermis and some organs of the gastrointestinal tract. Most often, the drug is prescribed for the treatment of babies from two years. In this case, the daily dosage of tablets is 125 milligrams, for children from five to ten years old - 250 milligrams, for children over ten and adults - from 250 to 500 milligrams per day. Sometimes this antibiotic is prescribed for the treatment of babies up to two years. In this case, the daily dose is calculated by the formula: 20 milligrams per kilogram of the child’s weight.
However, it happens that a small patient has an individual intolerance to the main components of Amoxiclav. In this case, doctors can prescribe the drug "Sumamed", produced in the form of tablets and suspensions with strawberry flavor. The active substance of the drug is the antibiotic azithromycin. Indications for the use of Sumamed are almost identical to Amoxiclav. Moreover, a medication based on azithromycin can be taken with Lyme disease. For babies from six months to three years, an antibiotic is prescribed once a day. The daily dosage is calculated by the formula: ten to twenty milligrams of azithromycin per kilogram of the baby’s weight. For older children, tablets with a dosage of 125 milligrams of the main component are used. Most often, children with a body weight of 18 to 30 kilograms need to take two tablets per day, and for children whose weight is 31-44 kilograms, three Sumamed 125 mg tablets are prescribed. The exact dosage and schedule is prescribed by the doctor based on the severity of the disease and the physical condition of the patient.
Contraindications Sumamed, in addition to individual intolerance to components and fructose, are severe liver dysfunction and sucrose deficiency. With caution, an antibiotic should be prescribed for myasthenia gravis, renal or hepatic insufficiency, mild diabetes, bradycardia, arrhythmia, and other serious cardiac pathologies.
We have reviewed the instructions for use with Amoxiclav suspension. Price, reviews and analogues were also presented.