Neurology (diseases of the nervous system) is a wide field in medicine that studies various issues of diagnosis, the nature of the origin and treatment of diseases on the nervous system. It is worth noting that the problems studied by neurology most often differ in their organic origin - nervous diseases that are caused by injuries, vascular diseases and hereditary pathologies. But neural diseases and mental illness (neurosis) should already be within the competence of a psychotherapist. It is about them that we presented the material in our article.
Nervous Diseases
Modern medicine in its arsenal has many ways to diagnose ailments to combat nervous diseases. Most often used to diagnose a disease on a nervous system: electroneuromyography, magnetic resonance imaging, electroencephalography, polysomnography and many others.
Today, the most common complaints about diseases of the nervous system are: back and neck pain, fainting, chronic headache, memory impairment, cramps, poor sleep, various memory problems. But it should also be remembered that one of the most important areas in neurology is the prevention of the development of stroke and other heart diseases due to nerve damage.
Nervous diseases are quite dangerous for human health and life. It is necessary to remember some dependence: heart diseases caused by nerves will inevitably lead to a deterioration in the functioning of other organs and systems, and vice versa.
It is also necessary to remember that the occurrence of a disease on a nervous basis is quite possible, which at first glance is not at all connected with nervous ailments. Nervous heart diseases, the names of which will be listed below, develop gradually (and the patient does not attach any symptoms to the symptoms at first) or, conversely, too quickly.
Infections, the development of tumor injuries, vascular ailments and severe heredity are the main factors that contribute to the risk of dangerous diseases that arise on the nervous system.
Symptomatology
What are the symptoms of nervous diseases?
Symptoms are different:
- Motor: paralysis, paresis, impaired coordination, trembling limbs.
- Sensitive: prolonged headache (migraine), pain in the spine, back, and neck, impaired vision, taste, hearing.
- Others: hysterical and epileptic seizures, fatigue, sleep disturbance, fainting, speech impairment, etc.
And now consider the names of diseases on the nervous system, as well as their symptoms.
The most common nervous diseases
In the field of medicine, there are many different ailments that are provoked by nervous overstrain, stress and depression. What are the most common neural diseases? We will answer this question below.
Arachnoiditis
Arachnoiditis is a disease that occurs on nerve soil, which is characterized by an inflammatory process on the network of vessels covering the human brain - a kind of arachnoid membrane on the brain.
The causes of this nervous disease are: various traumatic brain injuries, intoxication of the body and infection, which got on the lining of the cerebral cortex.
Arachnoiditis is divided into several types: on the anterior and posterior cranial fossa, basal and spinal.
Meningitis
Meningitis is an acute inflammatory process on the lining of the brain, which belongs to the category of diseases caused by nerves in women and men. Symptoms are as follows: fever, unbearable pain in the head, vomiting and nausea, which do not bring relief, impaired muscle tone.
At the first symptom, urgent hospitalization of the patient is necessary! After this, the patient is given a spinal puncture with a further definition of the treatment of the disease. Meningitis is a fairly serious disease that requires urgent urgent treatment.
Migraine
What is the name of a nervous disease in which a headache hurts? It is likely that in this case we are talking about migraine - a nervous disease that manifests itself through acute and intense pain of one of the halves of the head, although bilateral migraines can also occur.
Symptoms of this nervous disease are the following: irritability, drowsiness, which are replaced by intolerable acute headache, nausea and frequent vomiting, as well as numbness of the limbs.
Note that migraines can develop into the most complex ailments of the nervous system. Currently, radical methods of treating migraine do not exist, with this disease special medications are prescribed by a specialist.
Myelitis
Myelitis is a disease that occurs during the inflammatory process in the spinal cord, while both white and gray matter are affected. Signs of myelitis are as follows: high fever, malaise, weakness, pain in the spine, legs, back, urination disorders. Diagnosis and subsequent therapy are prescribed by the doctor after passing all the necessary tests.
Stroke
A stroke is the endpoint of the development of a disease of the nervous system, which implies a violation in the blood circulation of the brain. During this ailment, blood flow to some areas of the brain decreases, or it completely stops getting there. Specialists in this case indicate the presence of two varieties of stroke:
- Ischemic, which occurs due to a violation of the passage of blood through arteries to brain cells.
- Hemorrhagic, which occurs due to cerebral hemorrhage.
Signs of a stroke are the following: the occurrence of pain in the head with further nausea and vomiting, palpitations, poor orientation in space and time, loss of consciousness, excessive sweating, a feeling of heat. The treatment of the disease is carried out in order to prevent the recurrence and normalization of blood flow to the brain. The hemorrhagic type of stroke requires only surgical intervention.
Peripheral nervous system diseases
An important issue in neurology is peripheral nervous system disease. This type of disease occurs in almost half of all patients who complained of nervous ailments. Depending on the affected areas, diseases of the peripheral nervous system are divided into the following varieties:
- Radiculitis: diseases of the roots located in the spinal cord.
- Plexitis is a violation in the function of the nerve plexuses.
- Ganglionitis is a disease associated with nerve-sensitive nodules.
- Neuritis is an inflammation of the cranial and spinal nerves.
Neuropathy
Neuropathy (neuritis) is a nervous disease that develops with an inflammatory process on the nerve. There are several varieties of the disease: neuritis of the facial nerve, small radial and tibial nerves. The main sign of this disease of the nervous system is considered to be numbness of the face or upper or lower limb. Most often it develops from hypothermia, the cause of the disease is also pinching of the nerves or their inflammation.
In order to prevent diseases of the peripheral nervous system, you need to carefully monitor your own health: do not often get too cold, avoid injuries, limit the effects of toxic chemicals on your body, and do not abuse tobacco and alcohol.
Neuropsychiatric diseases
It is also necessary to highlight the mental and related nervous diseases. Features and their symptoms will be considered in more detail below.
Psychoses
Psychoses are a type of neuropsychiatric disease that develops when psychological trauma is suffered. In addition, they can develop after infectious ailments, overwork, insomnia and traumatic brain injuries. Patients in this case require hospitalization, special care and treatment with special psychotropic drugs.
Epilepsy
Epilepsy is a nerve-related illness that occurs due to changes in the brain. A sign of this mental illness is: clouding of consciousness, secretion of foam from the mouth, convulsive (epileptic) seizures. Treatment is carried out using drugs and special therapeutic procedures.
A brain tumor
A mental disorder may appear due to the formation of a tumor in the body. Patients who have such mental and nervous diseases suffer from severe fatigue, impaired memory, headache, incoherent speech, and loss of consciousness is also possible. Patients require special constant care, therapy is carried out by the neurosurgical method.
Progressive paralysis
Progressive paralysis is a disease that occurs during a brain lesion with a pale spirochete. The initial stage of the disease has the following symptoms: impaired performance and memory, exhaustion of the body, impaired speech, irritability, progression of dementia. If you start progressive paralysis, then after a few years the disease will lead to a state of senility, and then to death.
Features of diagnosis and treatment
Of course, if you have an ulcer, you will go with her not to a psychologist, but to a specialist. And the same thing with migraine: in this disease, doctors, of course, often suspect a psychosomatic nature, but there can be many reasons for a headache. And sometimes a simple runny nose is just a runny nose.
In general, organic diseases should be excluded. As a rule, good therapists and specialized doctors, having got a patient with a nervous disease or functional disorder, should work in conjunction with a neurologist or a psychotherapist (and possibly even a psychiatrist).
Patients sometimes take offense and express distrust towards the doctor: “What else is a nervous disease? Are you saying that I don’t have everything at home? ” - there will be all the hope for professionalism and the correct approach of doctors.
Speaking specifically about the diagnosis and treatment of diseases that have arisen on a nervous basis, the methods will always be different. As mentioned earlier, in most cases, with suspicion of such ailments, specialists prescribe their patients to have an MRI of the brain and take a general blood test. Based on the studies obtained, a diagnosis should be made. Only after this, a qualified doctor will prescribe the appropriate treatment, prescribe medications, vitamin complexes, prescribe some physiotherapeutic procedures. Very often, with such pathologies, patients visit a psychotherapist or psychologist.
In conclusion, it is worth noting that you should not ignore the symptoms and signs of nervous diseases. Sometimes even a simple headache can indicate the development of some serious ailment that has arisen on a nervous basis. Do not ignore the problem in this case, otherwise the consequences will be much worse.