Symptoms of cholecystitis in women and treatment. Chronic cholecystitis in women: symptoms and treatment, diet. Exacerbation of chronic cholecystitis

With pain in the right hypochondrium , many people are faced, having crossed a 30-year boundary. At the same time, such symptoms often occur after feasts, which are served fried, fatty foods, alcohol is consumed. Feeling such a malaise, cholecystitis can be suspected. However, often the pathology is diagnosed by chance during the examination. It is noted that the symptoms of cholecystitis in women are most often observed. Many factors contribute to this.

Disease characteristics

What is this disease? This is an inflammatory process that occurs in the gallbladder. This organ is localized in the right hypochondrium. That is why, when the representatives of the fair sex have pain in this area, one can suspect that these are symptoms of cholecystitis in women.

The gallbladder accumulates the bile produced by the liver. Such a secret through special ducts is excreted into the duodenum and takes part in the digestion of food. If the sphincters and the parasympathetic nervous system function normally, then bile moves in only one direction.

But if, as a result of certain violations, asynchronous operation of the sphincters occurs, the secret does not come out in full from the bubble, provoking pain and pressure in it. In this case, often there is a throwing of the contents from the intestine back into the ducts. Often, it contains an infection that freely penetrates into the bile, leading to its inflammation.

The mechanism for the development of pathology is understandable. Now, let's consider why the symptoms of cholecystitis in women occur, what are the sources of the development of pathology?

The causes of the disease

So, the main factor in the development of the disease is the penetration of the infection into the bladder.

Often this condition is dictated by the following reasons:

1. A variety of inflammation in the gastrointestinal tract. These can be pathologies that occur in an acute, chronic stage. As a rule, enterocolitis, pancreatitis, dysbiosis, appendicitis can lead to cholecystitis.
2. Disorders of the reproductive system of an inflammatory nature. Often, the symptoms of cholecystitis in women are provoked by a disease such as adnexitis.
3. Damage to the liver by viruses.
4. Parasitic invasion in the biliary tract. At the heart of the disease can be giardiasis, ascariasis.

A large role in the development of pathology is played by additional factors:

1. Dyskinesia of the bile duct. With this disease, stagnation of bile is observed , its outflow is disturbed.
2. Pancreatic reflux. This is a pathology in which the contents of the intestine are again thrown into the ducts. As a result, the walls of the bladder are damaged by enzymes and pancreatic juice.
3. Congenital malformations. We are talking about the individual structure of the bubble. Various partitions, excesses of this organ can lead to pathology.
4. Disturbed blood supply to the bladder. Such a clinic can provoke ailments: hypertension, diabetes mellitus, atherosclerosis. The course of these diseases is characterized by a narrowing of the lumen of the vessels.
5. Dysholia. An ailment in which the composition of bile is disturbed and the walls of the bladder are damaged. An unpleasant clinic is most often caused by malnutrition (excessive addiction to fats or a monotonous diet).
6. Allergy, immunological reactions.
7. Violations of the endocrine nature. Often there are symptoms of cholecystitis in a woman taking oral contraceptives. In addition, the causes of the disease can be menstrual irregularities, overweight and pregnancy.
8. Hereditary factor.

Types of disease

Pathology, depending on the course, can be:

1. Sharp. The disease develops over several days or hours. It is characterized by pronounced symptoms. Such a pathology in the case of timely access to medical care proceeds quite favorably.
2. Chronic If the acute form of the disease was not given due attention or the disease was treated incorrectly, then this stage develops in the patient. The disease may be asymptomatic. It develops, as a rule, gradually. Of particular note is chronic cholecystitis (symptoms and treatment). Diet in the fight against pathology plays one of the most important roles.

Chronic cholecystitis is divided into:

• sluggish (latent);
• recurrent;
• purulent-ulcerative.

According to the presence of calculi, 2 forms are distinguished:

• stoneless (without cholelithiasis);
• calculous.

For a chronic illness, the stages are characteristic:

• remission;
• exacerbations.

So, we will consider the features of such a pathology as chronic cholecystitis. Symptoms and treatment, diet and prevention of the disease are presented below.

Clinical manifestations of the disease

An acute attack of cholecystitis is very clearly manifested. Symptoms characteristic of this form:

• sharp pain, much worse after eating;
• vomiting
• diarrhea may occur;
• metallic or bitter taste in the mouth;
• hyperthermia.

However, in the acute form of the disease, only inflammation of the mucous membrane of the bladder is detected. A slightly different picture is observed if the patient is diagnosed with chronic cholecystitis. Symptoms of the disease with this form are less pronounced. However, atrophic and sclerotic changes are detected on the walls of the bile. The chemical and physical parameters of bile are also changing.

The following symptoms of cholecystitis in women are observed (photos demonstrate such an unpleasant condition):

• the presence of constant pain in the right hypochondrium;
• discomfort increases significantly after eating fatty foods;
• bitterness and dryness in the mouth in the morning;
• periodic occurrence of nausea;
• bloating;
• loose sparse stools.

Pain in chronic pathology is not as pronounced as in acute form. Often it is characterized as discomfort, which is aching, dull in nature. Some patients have a constant, exhausting pain. Other patients are faced with acute manifestations of the disease, which occur, as a rule, after heavy consumption of the wrong food. In this case, biliary colic may even appear.

Symptoms of exacerbation

With a chronic course of pathology, the patient periodically experiences an attack of cholecystitis. Symptoms in this stage are very reminiscent of an acute form of the disease. This condition is characterized by general signs and local manifestations, signaling inflammation of the bladder.

The following indicate the exacerbation of chronic cholecystitis:

• pronounced general malaise;
• hyperthermia;
• frequent constipation;
• headache;
• itching may occur.

Along with such a clinic, local signs appear. They also characterize exacerbation of chronic cholecystitis.

Symptoms are observed such:

1. Pain. It can be moderate or sharp enough. Discomfort in the upper abdomen is localized, as a rule, in the right hypochondrium.
2. Bad taste in the mouth. The patient may experience bitterness or complain of a taste of metal. He burps with air, nausea occurs. Man is tormented by flatulence. Often there is an impaired defecation process, as a rule, diarrhea, constipation alternate.
3. A feeling of heaviness in the region of the right hypochondrium.
4. The occurrence of insomnia, excessive irritability.

The intensity of the pain syndrome depends on the presence of stones in the bladder. With calculous cholecystitis, discomfort is sharp, intense. A stoneless pathology is characterized by aching, dull pain, which overly tires the patient. Discomfort is able to manifest itself not only in the right hypochondrium. Very often he gives in his right hand, a scapula.

Chronic pathology proceeds paroxysmally. During exacerbation, the symptoms are pronounced. After the attack, all the symptoms of the disease subside. The stage of remission is coming. At this time, the patient believes that he was cured of the disease and the unpleasant symptoms will not return. However, a rash violation of the diet, excessive exercise, hypothermia, alcohol consumption can again lead to an attack.

Complications of the disease

Signs of cholecystitis should not be ignored. Symptoms that cause discomfort to the patient are a signal of the body about the need for adequate treatment.

Prolonged inaction can lead to the development of quite unpleasant complications:

• cholangitis;
• fistula formation in the stomach, hepatic bend, duodenum;
• reactive hepatitis;
• "Shutdown" of the bladder (the bile no longer performs its functions in sufficient volume);
• pericholedheal lymphadenitis (inflammation develops in the bile ducts);
• bladder empyema (purulent inflammation);
• bowel obstruction;
• gall gangrene with the appearance of peritonitis;
• perforation (bursting of the bubble).

Diagnosis of the disease

It is very important if symptoms of chronic cholecystitis in women are observed, consult a doctor.

The following measures are taken to make a diagnosis:

• history taking;
• examination of the patient;
• laboratory examinations;
• instrumental research.

Initially, the doctor will ask in detail about what manifestations the patient is faced with, how long they have arisen, as a result of which they appear. The doctor will examine the patient’s diseases, such as diabetes mellitus, gastrointestinal tract pathologies, and hepatitis. He will clarify whether any of the relatives had similar pathologies.

During the examination, attention is paid to the symptoms, indicating the presence of the disease:

1. A sign of muscle protection. The patient has abdominal tension to protect his stomach.
2. During palpation, pain increases in the right hypochondrium.
3. Tapping the right costal arch is accompanied by discomfort.

The patient is prescribed laboratory methods:

1. Blood analysis.
2. A study on the presence of hepatitis viruses in the body.
3. Blood biochemistry. This analysis is informative only after a bout of colic.
4. The study of lipid lipid metabolism.
5. Coprogram.

To detect cholecystitis, the following instrumental measures are recommended:

1. Ultrasound of the peritoneum.
2. Esophagogastroduodenoscopy. The analysis allows you to study the condition of the esophagus, duodenum, stomach. During the study, a biopsy is taken.
3. Survey radiography of the peritoneum. It reveals the presence of stones in the bladder, but only those that contain calcium.
4. CT The analysis allows a more detailed assessment of the condition of internal organs. With the help of this study, hard-to-diagnose tumors that compress the bile ducts are revealed.
5. Cholecystoangiography. This is an X-ray diagnosis in which several images are taken under the control of an ultrasound machine. Such an analysis takes place using a radiopaque substance that fills the ducts.
6. Retrograde cholangiopancreatography. Using a special device - a duodenofibroscope, which is administered to the patient through the mouth into the duodenum, the doctor launches a radiopaque substance into the biliary tract. This allows you to detect stones or narrowing of the duct. If such an obstacle is detected, the doctor performs an endoscopic operation that removes the obstacle.
7. MRI A study that identifies changes in the walls of the bladder and adjacent organs that are invisible to x-rays and ultrasound.
8. Hepatobiliary scintigraphy. Examination of the biliary tract and liver, characterizing the functioning of organs and motor activity of the ducts.

Treatment of an illness in the acute stage

The methods of therapy are completely dependent on the symptoms of cholecystitis in women. Treatment of chronic pathology in remission is significantly different from the fight against illness during an exacerbation.

If the patient has an attack, then the therapy is aimed at eliminating the symptoms and stopping the pathogenetic reactions of the disease. In the remission stage, treatment involves the prevention of relapse.

Drug therapy of chronic cholecystitis during exacerbation is based on the following pharmaceutical preparations:

1. Antibiotics: Erythromycin, Doxycycline, Ciprofloxacin, Biseptol, Furozolidone, Metranidazole, Oxacillin.
2. Antispasmodics: Papaverine, Pitofenon, Drotaverin, Platifillin.
3. Cholagogue: "Sorbitol", "Nicodine", "Allochol", "Cycalvalon".
4. NSAIDs: Baralgin, Spazgan.
5. Propulsants (medications that stimulate peristalsis), such as Domperidone.
6. Antiemetics: Tserukal, Diprazin.
7. Polyenzyme medicines: "Festal", "Pancreatin".
8. Sedative medicines: tincture of valerian, motherwort.

Very popular in the fight against chronic cholecystitis is such an event as tubeless tube. Its essence consists in washing the ducts with subsequent stimulation of the process of bile secretion.

Cholecystitis therapy

During remission, treatment consists of:

• from diet therapy;
• the use of choleretic medicines: "Cholenzym", "Liobil", "Allochol", "Flamin", "Holosas", "Holagol", "Olimetin", "Rosanol";
• physiotherapy (effective procedures: balneotherapy, inductothermy, electrophoresis with Novocain).

In addition, the patient is definitely recommended if pathologies such as chronic cholecystitis, symptoms, and diet are observed.

When calculous pathology is detected, the patient is prescribed planned cholecystectomy. This is a surgical operation in which a bubble is removed.

Diet food

Regardless of the course, this is an important part of successful treatment. Therefore, it is recommended for all patients (it allows you to eliminate so painful symptoms characteristic of the disease called cholecystitis) diet.

With this disease, table number 5 is prescribed. Of particular note is the exacerbation of cholecystitis.

Symptoms exhausting the patient require not only medical treatment, but also dietary adjustments:

1. During an attack, it is necessary to create conditions that maximize the digestive tract. For this, during the first two days, doctors allow the patient only to drink the liquid. Mineral non-carbonated water, non-acidic berry and fruit juices diluted in half with boiled water are suitable for these purposes. Useful to the patient a rosehip broth.
2. As the pain discomfort subsides, the patient is allowed to switch to the use of pureed food. Mucous cereals, soups (rice, oatmeal, semolina), berry, fruit (necessarily sweet) mousses, jelly, jellies are recommended for humans. However, you should eat food in small quantities so as not to provoke an overload of the digestive system. Very important is the diet. Food should be taken only at certain times.
3. Then low-fat cottage cheese, boiled fish, and steamed meat are included in the patient's diet. Recommended for use crackers of white bread.
4. 5-10 days after the attack, the patient is carefully transferred to diet table No. 5a.

Patients should clearly realize that cholecystitis is a very serious ailment. Compliance with proper nutrition allows you to get rid of it much faster. The diet is aimed at reducing acidity and the secretion of bile.

Specialists, prescribing proper nutrition to patients, recommend the following:

1. Refuse fried, excessively fatty foods.
2. Build your diet on baked, boiled, stewed foods.
3. Do not take too hot or cold food.
4. Reduce the use of sweet and flour products.
5. Eat often, but in small portions.
6. Strictly adhere to the diet - eat food at the same time.
7. Give preference to vegetable and dairy foods. Fiber perfectly normalizes the process of defecation and stimulates motility. Milk allows you to restore the acid-base balance in the body.
8. Strong tea, coffee is not recommended.
9. Eggs should be eaten no more than 2-3 times a week. Yolk is better to exclude generally.

In addition, patients need to drink plenty of fluids. Foods that are high in fat and cholesterol, it is advisable to completely exclude from their diet.