The article will present instructions for use for the "Relanium" preparation. This drug is considered a fairly popular drug from the category of tranquilizers. Its effect is directed to the central nervous system. The use of this medication in some cases is accompanied by adverse reactions, so you can use it only after receiving the recommendations of a specialist.
Relanium is a second-generation anxiolytic that has a depressing effect on certain functions of the central nervous system.
The drug has anticonvulsant, sedative, hypnotic, muscle relaxant and anxiolytic effects. It can be classified as the most powerful tranquilizer.
Release Forms
Solution for intravenous and intramuscular administration of yellow-green or transparent color. The active substance is diazepam - 5 mg in 1 ml. Additional components are benzyl alcohol, glacial acetic acid, 10% acetic acid (up to pH 6.3-6.4), 96% ethanol, propylene glycol, sodium benzoate, water for injection. The drug in the form of tablets is presented in three forms, in which the concentration of the active substance is different:
- tablets 2 mg round biconvex and light orange;
- 5 mg round biconvex tablets and light green in color;
- 10 mg tablets are round biconvex and white.
Instructions for use with Relanium tablets are very detailed.
pharmachologic effect
The medication is an anxiolytic substance (tranquilizer), a benzodiazepine derivative. Its content includes the potent substance diazepam, which has a pronounced inhibitory effect on the central nervous system, which is realized mainly in the hypothalamus, thalamus and limbic system. In addition, it enhances the inhibitory effect of gamma-aminobutyric acid, which is one of the main mediators of pre- and postsynaptic inhibition of transmission of nerve impulses to the nervous system. The drug also has anxiolytic, hypnotic, anticonvulsant and pronounced muscle relaxant effects. This is indicated in the instructions to the Relanium.
The mechanism of diazepam activity is to stimulate the GABA benzodiazepine receptors - the supramolecular-chlorionophore-benzodiazepine-receptor complex, which leads to the activation of the GABA receptor, which causes a decrease in excitability in the subcortical structures of the brain, as well as inhibition of spinal polysynaptic reflexes.
Pharmaconetics
According to the instructions to Relanium, after intramuscular administration, the active substance of this drug is absorbed unevenly and slowly, depending on where the drug was injected. With the introduction of the substance into the deltoid muscle, absorption occurs quickly and in full. The bioavailability of the drug is 95% and after intramuscular administration is achieved after one and a half hours, in some cases - after thirty minutes. After intravenous administration of the drug, complete absorption occurs after fifteen minutes.
With regular use of this medication (according to the instructions or prescription of a specialist), the effect of treatment is observed after one to two weeks.
The binding of the main active component to proteins contained in blood plasma is 97%.
The active substance of the drug (diazepam) and metabolites are able to penetrate the placental barrier and the BBB, stand out from the body in breast milk in concentrations that correspond to 1/10 of the concentration in the blood.
With the repeated use of the drug, a significant cumulation of diazepam and its metabolites is observed.
As the instructions to Relanium indicate, the active substance is metabolized in the liver with the participation of CYP3A7, CYP2C19, CYP3A5 and CYP3A4 isoenzymes by 99% with the formation of the most active metabolite of desmethyldiazepam and less active oxazepam and temazepam.
The time of excretion of the main substance of the drug Relanium from the human body is 40-90 hours, temazepam - 10-12 hours, and oxazepam - 6-16 hours.
The drug is excreted by the kidneys: in 80% - in the form of glucuronides, in its original form - 2%, and in less than 9% - along with feces.
The drug refers to benzodiazepines with a long therapeutic effect. After discontinuation of therapy, metabolites may remain in the blood for several weeks or days.
The therapeutic effect can be enhanced in newborns - up to 28 hours, in elderly patients - up to 80 hours, in people suffering from renal failure - up to five days.
Indications for the use of the medication
In accordance with the instructions to the Relanium, the main cases in which the use of this tool is recommended are as follows:
- Therapy of a variety of neurotic and neurosis-like disorders with the manifestation of increased anxiety.
- Stopping various forms of psychomotor agitation, which is associated with an anxiety state.
- Elimination of epileptic seizures, as well as convulsive and preconvulsive conditions of various etiologies.
- The onset of conditions accompanied by an increase in muscle tone (including with tetanus and acute circulatory disorders in the brain).
- Relief of symptoms in withdrawal symptoms and delirium in chronic alcoholism.
- For ataralgesia and sedation in combination with analgesics and other neurotropic drugs with a variety of diagnostic procedures, in surgical as well as obstetric practice.
- In the clinical manifestations of various internal diseases: in the complex treatment of arterial hypertension, which in some cases may be accompanied by anxiety disorders and increased excitability, menstrual and menopausal disorders and vascular spasms.
What does the instruction for ampoules Relanium tell us? Let us further consider the method of application.
Methods of use and dosage of medication
In order to eliminate the psychomotor overexcitation associated with the anxiety state, the drug is prescribed 10-20 mg intravenously or intramuscularly, and if necessary, after several hours, it may be additionally administered in the same dosage.
In tetanus, this drug is administered intravenously, intravenously, by drip or intramuscular injection of 20 mg every few hours, depending on the condition of the patient and the recommendations of a specialist.
With an epileptic status, it is prescribed intramuscularly or intravenously at a dose of 20 mg, and when the need arises, after a few hours, the drug is re-administered in the initial dosage.
To relieve skeletal muscle spasms, the drug is administered intramuscularly at a dose of 10 mg before surgery (two hours).
In obstetrics, the drug is used intramuscularly at 20 mg after opening the cervix with two to three fingers.
Infants after the fifth week of life are given an intravenous medication. Slow administration of 300 mcg per kg of body weight up to a maximum dose of 5 mg is recommended, and when the need arises, the medication is used again after four hours, which should directly depend on the clinical symptoms.
For children from 5 years old, the medication is administered intravenously in a dosage of 1 mg every 5 minutes to a maximum dosage of 10 mg, and if necessary, this can be repeated after four hours. This confirms the instructions for ampoules "Relanium".
How to use pills?
The dosage regimen is set individually.
In psychiatry, 5 or 10 milligrams are prescribed 3 times a day. If necessary, increase the dose to 60 mg per day.
In the field of obstetrics and gynecology, 2 or 5 mg 3 times a day are prescribed.
Adverse reactions
The use of the drug in some cases involves the development of some undesirable side effects in the patient, which are expressed in the following symptoms:
- Nervous system: dizziness, drowsiness, increased fatigue, ataxia, impaired attention, dull emotions, disorientation in space, slowing down of motor and mental functions, as well as amnesia, which occurs more often than when taking other benzodiazepines. In addition, cephalgia, euphoria, tremor, depression, catalepsy, extrapyramidal dystonic reactions, confusion, asthenia, hyporeflexia, dysarthria, muscle weakness, as well as paradoxical reactions in the form of outbreaks of aggression, psychomotor agitation, fear, suicidal behavior, muscle spasm can be observed. confusion, hallucinations, anxiety, sleep disturbances. These symptoms are especially manifested in elderly patients.
- Hemopoietic system: neutropenia, leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, agranulocytosis (chills, sore throat, hyperthermia, severe weakness or fatigue), anemia.
- Digestive system: dry oral mucosa or hypersalivation, hiccups, heartburn, vomiting, decreased appetite, impaired liver function, increased liver transaminase activity, jaundice.
- Cardiovascular system: increased heart rate, arterial hypotension.
- Urinary system: urinary incontinence, changes in the functional characteristics of the kidneys.
- Reproductive system: violation of the cycle, decreased or increased sexual desire.
- Respiratory system: inhibition of respiratory function, which is observed, as a rule, with too rapid administration of the drug.
- Allergic manifestations: itching, skin rash.
- Local reactions: vein thrombosis, which manifests itself in the form of redness, swelling and pain.
- Other reactions: addiction, drug dependence, respiratory depression, impaired vision, bulimia, weight loss.
This is confirmed by the Relanium tool instructions for use and reviews.
With a sharp decrease in the dosage of the drug or discontinuation of its use, withdrawal syndrome may be observed. This is usually manifested by increased irritability, headache, anxiety, fear, psychomotor agitation, sleep disturbances, dysphoria, muscle spasm of the internal organs, increased sweating, tremor, depression, vomiting, perceptual disorders, hyperacusis, paresthesia, photophobia, tachycardia, convulsions hallucinations and psychotic disorders. When using the drug in obstetrics in infants - muscle hypotension, dyspnea, hypothermia.
Such information contains instructions. Analogues at Relanium are also available. We will consider them below.
Contraindications
The drug is contraindicated in the event of the following pathological conditions:
- Severe forms of myasthenia gravis.
- Coma.
- Shock states.
- The angle-closure form of glaucoma.
- Indication of a history of symptoms of dependence on narcotic drugs or alcoholic beverages (with the exception of cases of treatment of withdrawal symptoms and delirium in chronic alcoholism).
- Sleep apnea.
- The state of intoxication.
- Acute forms of intoxication with drugs, which have a pronounced inhibitory effect on the nervous system (hypnotics, narcotic and psychotropic substances).
- Severe stages of chronic obstructive pulmonary pathologies (danger of further development of respiratory failure).
- Acute forms of respiratory failure.
- Children's age up to one month.
- Pregnancy (especially the 2nd and 3rd trimesters).
- The period of breastfeeding.
- Hypersensitivity to benzodiazepines.
As indicated by the instructions for use, Relanium should be used with caution in case of Lennox-Gastaut syndrome, epilepsy, liver and kidney failure, hyperkinesis, spinal cerebral ataxia, a tendency to excessive use of psychotropic drugs, depression, organic brain pathologies, hypoproteinemia, and elderly patients.
Pregnancy Use
According to the instructions, Relanium tablets and injections are contraindicated for use during pregnancy and lactation, as it has a pronounced toxic effect on the fetus and increases the risk of malformations when used in the first trimester. Taking the drug at a later date can cause inhibition of the nervous system of the developing fetus and lead to the formation of a physical dependence on the drug.
special instructions
Particular attention should be given to diazepam in the development of severe depression, since the drug can be used to realize a person's suicidal intentions.
With liver or kidney failure, as well as with prolonged use, the activity pattern of liver enzymes and peripheral blood should be monitored.
The risk of drug dependence increases with the use of the substance in high doses, with prolonged treatment in patients who abuse alcohol or drugs. If necessary, the medication should not be used for a long time. This tells us the instructions for use in Relanium in ampoules.
If such specific reactions as aggressiveness, psychomotor agitation, suicidal thoughts, increased muscle cramps, difficult falling asleep occur in patients, treatment should be discontinued.
In accordance with the instructions for use, Relanium is used intramuscularly in ampoules. It cannot be administered intraarterially due to the high risk of gangrene. With the sudden cancellation of the drug, symptoms of withdrawal symptoms of varying degrees of intensity may occur. During therapy, the use of alcoholic beverages is prohibited. All this tells us the instructions for use. Analogues of Relanium will be considered below.
Analogs
Analogues of the drug are available both in the form of tablets, and in the form of a solution for injection:
- Apaurin;
- Relium
- Seduxen
- Diazepam
- "Sibazon".
So it says in the instructions.
Reviews for Relanium
Many patients left reviews about this drug, but not all of them contain reliable information about how the medication acts in the event of any pathological conditions. This medicine was mainly used to treat depression, severe sleep disturbances, anxiety, and panic attacks. At the same time, patients note the ambiguous effect of the drug on the physical condition, many cannot say for sure that this medication helped them.
Some of them observed an increase in the symptoms of the disease at the initial stages of the use of the drug, but in the subsequent normalization of the condition and a favorable therapeutic effect.
Experts do not recommend the use of this drug for mild to moderate disorders, since the drug is a strong psychotropic substance that is used only in the most extreme cases.
It is also noted that this tool is sold in pharmacies only by prescription from a doctor. The cost of this drug is relatively low, which many of the patients were satisfied with, because (according to them) the drug is most often used in combination with other drugs, and such therapy is sometimes very expensive.
We reviewed the instructions for use with Relanium, reviews and analogues.