Hemorrhages are hemorrhages of varying severity in different parts of the body. The cause of this ailment can be both external and internal pathologies. Very often, hemorrhages are expressed in the accumulation of blood inside the tissue, but there are cases of release of blood into the external environment.
Why do hemorrhages occur?
The cause of bleeding is often the high permeability of the vessel wall or its violation. Violation of the integrity of the vessel occurs due to mechanical injury. The reasons why blood seeps through the walls of blood vessels are:
- Congenital genetic pathology (hemophilia);
- acquired pathology of the circulatory system (thrombocytopathy, blood clotting disorder, DIC, and hemorrhagic vasculitis);
Diseases of a dermatological nature, such as psoriasis and chronic dermatoses.
Almost all types of hemorrhages have a close relationship with psychological tension, depression, and hormonal medications.
Types of hemorrhage due to causes
Depending on the causes of hemorrhage, they are divided into three types:
- bleeding due to mechanical damage to the vessel;
- bleeding that arose as a result of a decrease in the thickness of the walls of the vessel;
· Bleeding caused by a violation of the integrity of the walls of blood vessels due to exposure to certain chemicals or infections.
Types of hemorrhage by location
Hemorrhages can be divided into:
· Internal (hemorrhage in organs and tissues);
· External;
Parenchymal (bleeding from the tissues forming the organs);
Arterial (intensive leakage of blood from damaged arteries);
Venous (calmer bleeding from damaged veins);
Capillary (bleeding from small vessels).
The main symptoms of internal bleeding
Manifestations of hemorrhage depend on the type of bleeding and its localization. While external bleeding is fairly easy to detect, internal bleeding is often quite imperceptible. It can be identified by a number of specific symptoms, such as:
- general malaise;
- dizziness and fainting;
- unnatural pallor of the skin;
- apathy, drowsiness;
- tachycardia;
- lowering blood pressure.
These are common symptoms of internal bleeding. There are a number of specific signs characteristic of certain types of hemorrhages.
Hemorrhages at the injection site. What is it?
Very often after an injection, complications occur during treatment. Hemorrhages resulting from intramuscular injections are local bleeding that occurs due to tissue damage. As a rule, over time, the resulting blood stain passes by itself, but in some cases, the doctor prescribes the administration of water-soluble drugs. Bleeding due to intravenous injection occurs due to through piercing of the vessel and is not as pronounced as when injected into a muscle.
Why do skin hemorrhages occur?
In most cases, hemorrhages on the skin occur due to hemorrhage or seepage of blood through the vessel wall into the skin tissue. They look like blood stains on the skin. Throughout the entire period of time, hemorrhagic diseases on the surface of the skin tend to change their color from bright red to greenish yellow. Special treatment in this case is not provided. Over time, these spots resolve themselves. Skin hemorrhages include hematomas.
Gastrointestinal hemorrhages
In case of damage to the organs of the gastrointestinal system, bleeding often occurs, the so-called submucosal hemorrhages. This type of hemorrhage is a special danger, as it tends to leak for some time without visible symptoms. In a person who has encountered this type of bleeding, first of all, there is a general malaise, causeless nausea, dizziness. In this case, the patient should be under the supervision of a doctor and undergo a specially prescribed course of drug treatment.
Why are hemorrhages dangerous?
Hemorrhage is a rather insidious phenomenon. Its severity directly depends on the area of the damaged area and the intensity of bleeding. And although such minor injuries, as a rule, resolve themselves, there are cases when the site of hemorrhage is suppurating, which requires surgical intervention. Sometimes hemorrhages can destroy tissues, which can also lead to serious consequences. In this case, hemorrhages in the brain, lungs and heart are very dangerous.
Which doctor should I go to?
Whatever the nature of hemorrhages, the causes of their occurrence should be identified as soon as possible. Your local therapist, as well as doctors with a narrower profile, such as a hematologist, endocrinologist, dermatologist or infectious disease specialist, will help you deal with this problem.
How is the diagnosis? Correct diagnosis
Your doctor may diagnose you even after an examination. But for a more accurate diagnosis, it will be necessary to take a general blood test and examine it for coagulability (coagulogram). In some cases, the doctor may prescribe a bacteriological blood test, and already on the basis of these studies to resolve the issue of treatment.
First aid for bleeding
As we have already found out, hemorrhages are the leakage of blood from blood vessels due to their damage. Therefore, the first thing you can do with a minor hemorrhage is to apply something cold to the injured area, which will help reduce the intensity of the bleeding. Further assistance should be carried out depending on the type of bleeding.
Venous bleeding is easily determined by the color of the blood flowing out - it will be a dark red burgundy color. Such blood will flow slowly, but continuously. First aid for injury - applying a tourniquet below 10-15 cm from the wound and a tight bandage. It is imperative to mark the time of application of the tourniquet by inserting a piece of paper with the marked application time. If the wound is small, then instead of a tourniquet, you can wrap the wound with a bandage, since venous vessels have the ability to subside and self-tighten.
Arterial bleeding
It differs from venous. Blood from such a wound is bright red in color and will beat with a fountain. It is necessary to immediately apply a tourniquet, since without stopping the bleeding a person can die in just a minute. The tourniquet is applied 10-15 cm above the wound, and a bandage should be placed on the wound. The tourniquet is applied for 1-2 hours. After this time, it must be lowered for 3-5 minutes, so that the blood circulates through the limbs, otherwise stagnant blood will accumulate toxins and, when removing the tourniquet, the person runs the risk of shock and death.
As for capillary bleeding, they do not carry a serious danger (except for injuries in people suffering from poor blood coagulation). In this case, the wound must be treated and bandaged.
Also, to stop such bleeding, you can use modern hemostatic agents such as "Celox" and "Hemostop." Granules of powder help to clot blood, creating a kind of jelly. But treating such a wound will be harder.
Internal bleeding is one of the most severe: you must go to the hospital here. On site, you can only apply cold to a sore spot and immediately send the victim to the hospital or call an ambulance. Before the arrival of doctors, the patient should be in a calm position and move as little as possible.
How to get rid of hemorrhages
Hemorrhage treatment is carried out after a detailed medical examination. When establishing a diagnosis and prescribing treatment, the doctor must take into account the fact that some forms of the disease are prone to unpleasant complications. That is why each stage of treatment should be supervised by a doctor. With complications, inflammatory processes can occur, which in some cases can even lead to death.
In order not to aggravate the problem, you need to immediately seek medical help. And only after the final conclusion of the doctor treatment is prescribed.
Depending on the condition of the patient, the clinical form of hemorrhage and a tendency to complications, the expediency of drug treatment of the problem is established. For example, with minor subcutaneous hemorrhages , medication is often not used. But with large-sized skin hemorrhages, local treatment is used in the form of applying heparin or troxevasin ointment to the affected areas twice a day.