The odontogenic cyst is mistakenly considered a non-dangerous disease, however, this neoplasm itself , as a rule, does not harm the health of patients. Nevertheless, the lack of timely treatment of pathology provokes the development of complications.
What is a tooth cyst?
An odontogenic cyst is a pathological neoplasm that occurs in the upper region of the tooth root. The internal cystic cavity is filled with fluid, and in addition, purulent porridge-like contents, it is enveloped in a fairly dense epithelial layer.
The sizes of neoplasms of this kind are from a few millimeters, and against the background of rapid development, they reach around several centimeters in a circle. Often, pathological processes cover the upper jaw, since the roots of the teeth have a more porous structure.
To understand what an odontogenic tooth cyst is and how to cure it, you need to know why such a phenomenon can occur. Its formation is carried out as a result of inflammation, thus the body, as it were, limits healthy tissue from the affected area, clogging it together with bacteria.
Causes of pathology
There are several reasons at once, because of which the tooth cyst develops. The main reason is the vital activity of pathogenic microscopic organisms in an enclosed space of teeth. As a rule, the following prerequisites contribute to this:
- The presence of a complex course of pathology along with the lack of timely treatment and incorrectly performed therapy of dental diseases. It is about caries, periodontitis and pulpitis.
- The occurrence of infectious complications after filling and the implantation procedure. In such situations, doctors remove not only the neoplasm, but also the crown or implants, which makes it possible to avoid relapses.
- The occurrence of teething complications, especially in the case of teething wisdom incisors. In this case, the dental tissue injures the gums, and various bacteria directly enter the microcracks.
- Pathogenic microorganisms can also get into the wounds resulting from mechanical damage to the teeth.
- Against the background of nasopharyngeal diseases. In this case, infections in the nose or throat are able to pass into the oral cavity.
To provide adequate therapy, it is necessary to accurately determine the causes of tooth cysts, on the basis of this, the dentist will prescribe the appropriate treatment. So, in case of injury, the treatment consists in removing the neoplasm. But if the pathology is a complication of another disease, in addition to removing the vesicle, the patient will be prescribed therapy for the underlying disease.
Types of cystic pathological neoplasms
Dental cysts have various classifications, each of them is formed according to certain pathology parameters. The nature of the disease distinguishes:
- Residual cyst, which occurs immediately after tooth resection, is the most common type of pathological formation.
- The retromolar form is formed in the presence of severe teething wisdom.
- Radicular With this form, the formation is located on the tooth root or near it.
- Follicular. At the heart of it is the germ of a permanent tooth. As a rule, follicular neoplasms appear as a result of poor care for milk incisors.
Neoplasms are also classified by their origin:
- So, odontogenic cysts, arising from the transition of inflammatory processes from various dental diseases, are isolated.
- Neodontogenic. The causes of their occurrence include, as a rule, problems that are not related to teeth and the oral cavity.
Symptoms of this pathology
The danger of cysts is that signs of the disease occur only when the pathological neoplasm reaches a large size. At an early stage, it does not manifest itself in any way, and at this time, infectious processes occupy an increasingly large area of healthy tissue. At the initial stages of development, odontogenic jaw cysts are detected by chance during a routine examination or treatment of other diseases. With the development of pathology, the patient may experience the following symptoms:
- The occurrence of unpleasant and even painful sensations in the tooth, aggravated by chewing solid food.
- The presence of protrusion of the gums of the tooth, while the growth of the gums can become larger with time, and in addition, it is possible that there will be some redness.
- The appearance of a fistula in the area above the root of the tooth. Serous or purulent accumulations can stand out from it.
- The occurrence of general weakness and malaise.
- An increase in body temperature.
It is worth noting that when a person develops such a cyst, the symptomatology is not immediately visible, it appears in the late stages of development. Pain with the appearance of a pathological neoplasm may be aching, but it is less pronounced than the painful sensations observed in patients with caries or with pulpitis.
In the event of a clinical picture or the appearance of suspicion of a pathological process, it is imperative to consult a doctor. It is forbidden to resort to independent therapy, since a tooth cyst must be removed. In addition, the use of improperly selected medications can worsen the overall well-being of the patient.
Sometimes there is no pain in the oral cavity, instead, the basis of the clinical picture can be expressed in intense headaches. The cause of this phenomenon can be odontogenic cysts of the maxillary sinus and maxillary sinuses.
Maxillary cyst
Such neoplasms in medical terminology are interpreted as one of the varieties of odontogenic education. To date, surgical therapy of maxillary odontogenic cysts is particularly successful. This neoplasm arises most often due to the presence of an inflammatory process in the region of the upper jaw, which, with a prolonged course, can have an intoxication effect on the human body.
Maxillary sinus cyst
Odontogenic maxillary sinus cysts are a benign, spherical formation filled with fluid. The wall of such a neoplasm, as a rule, is two-layered. The inner layer in them is represented by mucus-producing epithelium. Often, such a cyst occurs due to a chronic disease such as rhinitis or sinusitis, developing in the nose or in the area of the sinuses.
Pathology treatment
Odontogenic jaw cysts are treated with surgery, conservative therapy, or laser exposure. I must say that conservative treatment produces a positive effect only at the initial stages of the disease, and overgrown neoplasms must be removed.
Surgical operation
To eliminate an odontogenic cyst in the sinus, it is not necessary to completely remove the entire tooth. In this case, only the root of the tooth on which the neoplasm is located is subjected to resection. Immediately after removal of the affected area, the dentist restores the remaining root.
A few days later, the doctor removes the stitches, be sure to monitor the healing process of the wound. It is important to make sure that there are no cyst particles left in the tooth canal, to achieve this goal, repeated radiography is performed.
It is worth paying attention to the fact that sometimes it is impossible to perform the removal of the root with a cyst, in such cases, the doctor completely removes the tooth. An indication for complete dental resection is an inaccessible position along with a severe course of the disease. After surgery and removal of education, the patient needs to visit the dentist regularly, following the prescribed medical recommendations.
What else involves the treatment of odontogenic cysts?
Conservative treatment of this pathology
Treatment of this disease with the help of conservative methods is possible only in the early stages of its development. In order to eliminate the formation, patients are prescribed rinses and injections.
In the process of treatment by the dentist, the dental canal is opened, which led to a cystic neoplasm, exudate is pumped out of it. The doctor may not fill the canal for seven days, at this time the patient uses antiseptic solutions with tinctures for rinsing the oral cavity. Upon completion of the therapeutic course, the dentist processes the dental canal with the help of drugs, and then the tooth is filled.
Laser cyst removal
Laser treatment is currently a modern way of treating the odontogenic maxillary sinus cyst. When performing this technique, the doctor opens the dental canal and treats the area with cystic neoplasm with laser irradiation. The laser destroys not only the epithelium of the cyst, but also hundreds of thousands of bacteria inside the bladder.
The advantages of laser removal are rapid tissue healing along with the absence of risks of introducing secondary infections into the oral cavity and dental canals as well.
Treatment of the disease with antibacterial drugs
In some situations, treatment of an odontogenic cyst is carried out using antibiotics. The use of antibacterial drugs serves as an auxiliary measure for the destruction of overgrown infections or the main treatment method if the tooth cyst develops against the background of primary infectious diseases. Antibacterial drugs can only be prescribed by your doctor, the following drugs are most often used:
- The drug "Amoxicillin." This medication can have a high antibacterial effect, greatly facilitating the treatment of cysts with other methods.
- The medicine “Tsifroloxacin” is a broad-spectrum antibiotic. This tool actively destroys bacteria, removing inflammatory processes.
- The drug "Tetracycline" is a drug that is prescribed more often than others, it can actively stop inflammatory processes along with pain. In addition, this tool facilitates the use of other methods of treatment of cysts.
Sometimes doctors can prescribe local antibacterial agents to patients, but taking such medications is far from always advisable. The fact is that local drugs (antibiotics) are quite problematic to evenly distribute over the affected area.
It is worth paying attention to the fact that antibacterial drugs are potent drugs that affect beneficial bacteria in the human body. Taking such medications is allowed only as directed by the doctor, without increasing the number of doses and dosage.
Reviews about this pathology
Patients say that, faced with such a phenomenon as odontogenic cysts of the upper jaw, one often has to go through surgical intervention, since conservative methods for solving this problem help only if there are non-launched forms of this pathological formation.
The efficacy of treating this pathology with Amoxicillin and Tetracycline is also reported. In the reviews, it is noted that the use of these medical devices helps to destroy the overgrown infection.
Turning to laser treatment contributes to the rapid healing of tissue and is today, according to patients, the most popular way to treat the disease in question.