Among the vital organs required for a full and normal human life, it is necessary to distinguish the urinary system. In violation of the normal functioning of this organ, a wide variety of diseases arise that can cause a person significant discomfort.
Basically, such disorders are diagnosed in women due to the peculiarities of the location of the urethra. There are many different reasons for the occurrence of such diseases, in particular, such as hypothermia or random sexual intercourse. Many patients do not immediately consult a doctor when symptoms occur, since they believe that such pathological processes do not pose any threat. However, this is far from the case and they can provoke serious consequences.
The most common diseases
If you experience the slightest discomfort and symptoms of a bladder disease, do not postpone the visit to the urologist. The lack of timely treatment at the initial stages threatens the rapid progression of the pathological process and the development of serious consequences.
The most common diseases of the bladder, which are often consulted by a doctor, are:
- cystitis;
- stone formation and salt deposition;
- neurogenic diseases;
- malignant neoplasms;
- endometriosis;
- leukoplakia;
- cystocele;
- bladder hyperactivity.
Such violations are most common and have quite pronounced symptoms. When the first signs appear, you need to see a doctor, since the consequences can be very complex.
Urolithiasis disease
Among the diseases of the bladder, one can distinguish urolithiasis, as well as the deposition of salts. A similar problem is well known to men and women, since the cause of the development of the pathological process is a nutrition error and a hereditary predisposition.
In addition, the formation of stones is often the cause of incompletely cured cystitis and urethritis. In addition to the signs accompanying many diseases of the bladder, the symptoms include headaches, dyspeptic disorders, and a decrease in the frequency of urination. Leads to scaling the abuse of junk food, salted and smoked dishes. To recover, you need to not only carry out treatment, but also follow a diet.
Cystitis
Cystitis is a bacterial inflammation of the inner wall of the bladder. The causative agent of this disease is often Escherichia coli and Trichomonas, but staphylococcus can also be. Pathogens enter the bladder cavity from the rectum or external genitalia. Basically, cystitis is observed in women, since their urethra is much shorter and wider.
It should be noted that a provoking factor is a decrease in immunity, which occurs as a result of chronic inflammatory processes that occur in the body and hypothermia. Among the main signs of cystitis can be distinguished:
- paroxysmal pain and pain;
- frequent urination;
- burning and itching when urinating;
- clouding of urine and the appearance of streaks of blood.
In the form of the course, acute and chronic cystitis are distinguished. Since the signs of cystitis in women are similar to the symptoms of other pathologies of the bladder, complex diagnostics are required before treatment. The treatment of this disease is antibacterial, and in order to prescribe the required drugs, you need to do a bacterial urine test to determine the sensitivity to antibiotics.
For greater effectiveness of therapy, other drugs, folk remedies can be additionally prescribed, and it is also important to follow a special diet. That is why sharp and salty dishes should be excluded from the usual diet. Cranberry juice is good as a drink, since it has antimicrobial qualities.
Leukoplakia
Among the diseases of the bladder, leukoplakia, which manifests itself in the form of a change in the mucosa (its thickening and keratinization), needs to be distinguished. The epithelium becomes more rigid, which impedes its normal functioning and contractility.
Symptoms of leukoplakia are similar to the course of the inflammatory process, which is mainly observed with urolithiasis or cystitis. It is worth noting that there are no characteristic signs of the course of this disease, which is why complex diagnostics are required to determine the presence of a problem.
Treatment requires the use of anti-inflammatory, antibacterial agents, vitamins, as well as a course of physiotherapy. This will allow the walls of the bladder to return elasticity.
Neurotic diseases
Many patients are interested in which urinary diseases are neurogenic. They are combined into a separate group, and a distinctive feature is that they arise as a result of a violation of the psychoemotional background. Such violations in their symptoms are somewhat similar to cystitis, however, pathogens are completely absent.
Among the main symptoms of bladder diseases associated with psychological overstrain, one can single out involuntary urination, as well as the desire to visit the toilet all the time. Most often, this problem occurs due to a violation of nerve impulses. In addition, other pathologies of the body can provoke the onset of diseases, in particular such as:
- multiple sclerosis;
- neuropathy;
- tuberculosis;
- diabetes.
All of them have a negative effect on the functioning of the nervous system. It is worth noting that psychoemotional disorders are further exacerbated by the manifestations of neurogenic diseases. A person is in a constant nervous strain due to fear of involuntary urination among strangers.
Malignant neoplasms
Since the signs of malignant diseases of the bladder are manifested only in the late stages, the prognosis of recovery is rather unfavorable. Most often, a benign tumor forms initially, which, without appropriate treatment, increases in size and degenerates into a malignant formation.
Among the main symptoms of the presence of cancer can be identified such as:
- pain in the pubic area;
- fetid urine odor;
- blood impurities in the urine;
- discharge from the urethra.
Urolithiasis, untreated cystitis, malnutrition, alcohol abuse, smoking, and many other negative factors can trigger the development of cancer.
Bladder hyperactivity
A specific condition of the urinary system occurs when the bladder hyperactivity syndrome occurs. Among the main signs of the course of this disease, frequent urination can be distinguished. At risk are mostly elderly people. Among the main reasons that provoke such a violation, we can distinguish such as:
- abuse of caffeinated beverages;
- smoking;
- pregnancy and childbirth;
- injuries and damage;
- improper treatment of inflammatory processes.
At the initial stage, the doctor prescribes certain medications and physiotherapy for therapy, and if they do not bring any result, then surgical intervention is indicated.
Other diseases
Kidney and bladder diseases can be quite complex and dangerous, since they provoke a disruption in the functioning of these organs. Such violations include:
- cystocele;
- cyst;
- sclerosis;
- extrophy;
- endometriosis;
- tuberculosis;
- ulcer;
- hernia.
Among the diseases of the bladder in women, endometriosis should be distinguished. It is based on a violation in the work of the genital area. When menstrual blood is ejected from the ovaries, it enters the mucosa of the bladder, which contributes to the spread of endometriosis. Symptoms of a bladder disease in women manifest as:
- the presence of blood impurities in the urine;
- nausea
- intensification of pain before menstruation;
- burning in the lower abdomen;
- pain in the legs.
Treatment of pathology is carried out exclusively by surgery after a whole range of studies.
In addition, cystocele, which is characterized by the prolapse of the urinary and vagina at the same time, is quite common in women. It can provoke perineal tears during childbirth, as well as abnormal development of the genitourinary system. A disease manifests itself in the form of urinary incontinence and frequent urination. When symptoms of bladder disease in women occur, treatment is carried out immediately surgically, followed by a long rehabilitation period.
Sometimes a disease such as diverticulum develops. With this pathology, one or more protrusions on the bladder can be observed. At the same time, a cavity is formed inside the body that resembles a sac in which urine accumulates. Against the background of the pathology, in patients quite often there is pyelonephritis or inflammation.
Among the diseases of the bladder in men, a hernia is necessary. Often it occurs in elderly people and at the same time there is a discharge of turbid urine. The patient can detect a bulk tumor in the lower abdomen, which becomes slightly smaller after emptying. If the first symptoms of bladder diseases in men occur, you need to consult a doctor for a comprehensive examination. Hernia is removed only by surgery.
The causes of bladder pathologies are very diverse, which is why treatment is selected individually. It is quite difficult to independently determine the signs of a particular disease, therefore, if the first signs appear, you need to contact a doctor who can prescribe a comprehensive treatment.
The main symptoms
Painful urination significantly affects the quality of life. In order to conduct high-quality and comprehensive treatment, it is necessary to determine the symptoms of the course of diseases. Among the main features are considered such as:
- painful and rapid urination;
- lower abdominal pain;
- discoloration of urine and the appearance of an unpleasant odor;
- incontinence;
- the appearance of turbid impurities.
Sometimes diseases are accompanied by weakness, nausea, fever. Each of these signs indicates the beginning of the inflammatory process, which is why you need to visit a doctor and conduct a comprehensive diagnosis.
Diagnostics
Symptoms and treatment of diseases of the bladder can be very different, so first you need to conduct a comprehensive diagnosis to determine the nature of the pathology. The diagnosis is established by an oncologist and for this specific studies are carried out:
- urine and blood tests;
- ultrasound diagnosis of the pelvic organs;
- cytological examination;
- cystoscopy;
- tests for tumor markers;
- tomography.
All this will determine the course of the pathological process and prescribe a comprehensive treatment that will make it possible to eliminate the existing disorders quickly and efficiently.
Treatment
Only a qualified doctor should be prescribed treatment for bladder diseases, who will preliminarily conduct diagnostics to determine the pathology. Therapy consists in taking anti-inflammatory, antibacterial drugs, as well as herbal remedies.
With the occurrence of inflammatory processes, diet is additionally shown. If the mucous membrane of the bladder is damaged, it is instilled. Its principle is the introduction of drugs into the cavity of this organ for anti-inflammatory and healing effects.
Medications
Drug treatment of bladder diseases in women and men is selected purely individually, depending on the particular course of the pathology. Basically, drugs are prescribed that help eliminate inflammation, normalize the outflow of urine.
When leukoplakia occurs, antibacterial and anti-inflammatory drugs, as well as vitamin complexes, are prescribed. Antibiotics are required to treat tuberculosis and ulcerative lesions. In the presence of cystitis, doctors prescribe painkillers, anti-inflammatory drugs and immunostimulants.
Folk therapy
Treatment of the initial stages of the course of the disease implies the use of folk remedies and techniques. However, before their use, consultation with your doctor is required to avoid the occurrence of side effects.
To eliminate unpleasant symptoms, you can use herbal collection, prepared on the basis of St. John's wort, bearberry, knotweed, chamomile. To remove inflammation, prepare a healing broth based on corn stigmas and horsetail. To enhance the calming effect, you need to add juniper and violet to the finished product.
Surgical intervention
Surgery on the bladder and kidneys is required for malignant processes, complications and ruptures of the organ. It is also carried out with the formation of large stones, which are not amenable to medical treatment.
The operation is carried out in several ways, depending on the complexity of the pathology. In some cases, complete organ removal may be indicated. After surgery, the patient must follow a diet.
Features of prevention
It is imperative to carry out preventive measures, implying by themselves:
- hygiene;
- avoid hypothermia;
- take medicine only as directed by a doctor.
If a person has severe pain in the lower abdomen, then this can indicate the occurrence of diseases of the genitourinary system. Be sure to visit a doctor for an examination and subsequent treatment. Timely treatment ensures a quick healing process without consequences.