Type 2 diabetes mellitus is an endocrine disease that develops as a result of pancreatic pathology. The body of a sick person is not able to produce enough insulin. In this regard, a chronic state of intoxication develops, which leads to death. To avoid this, the patient is forced to receive the hormone insulin from the outside, as well as adhere to the rules of nutrition. The diet for such people is very specific. Which table for type 2 diabetes is optimal, the reviews of sick people and the nuances of the diet - you can read about all this in the article.
Symptoms of type 2 diabetes
After each meal, blood sugar rises. Such a process is absolutely normal: glucose is nutrition for the brain and not a single cell of the human body will function without metabolites of this compound. Sometimes it happens that the pancreas malfunctions. The reasons for this condition are different, most often they are in poor-quality diet and abuse of alcoholic beverages, but may also have a genetically determined foundation. As a result, insulin is not secreted, and the body simply cannot metabolize sugar metabolites. This disease is often the cause of death of people, especially if the treatment rules are not followed.
Symptoms characteristic of diabetes insulin-dependent type:
- constant thirst: the patient can drink three to four liters of clean water per day, and still feels the desire to drink more;
- weakness, asthenia, the instant occurrence of fatigue even with small physical exertion;
- polyuria (increased urine output and dehydration of body cells);
- obesity: overweight is gained very quickly if nutritional rules are not followed.
Differences in diseases of the first and second type of course
Endocrinology distinguishes between two types of diabetes: the first and second type. This classification stems from differences in insulin production. If patients with diabetes mellitus of the first type do not need to receive the hormone from the outside, then patients with the second should inject it daily. Otherwise, a coma will develop, and the case can be fatal.
In addition to observing the rules of the treatment table for type 2 diabetes mellitus (type 1 diabetes does not imply such therapy), it is necessary to administer a hormone to yourself subcutaneously throughout the rest of your life.
Stage Two Type Diabetes
Endocrinology distinguishes the following stages of the development of the disease (the effectiveness of the treatment of diabetes with a diet varies in each case):
- At the first stage, it is possible to influence the restoration of pancreatic functions by adjusting the diet for diabetes. A table for type 2 diabetes is most effective in the first stage.
- The second stage is already introducing significant changes in the metabolism. Most often, it is necessary to use insulin injections, as otherwise a coma and even death are possible. In some cases, you can do with the use of drugs that block the absorption of carbohydrates from food.
- The third stage is characterized by severe metabolic disorders. The disease becomes chronic, and the patient is forced to use insulin hormone injections for the rest of his life. However, this does not preclude the use of clinical nutrition for diabetes. The table for type 2 diabetes is less effective at this stage than at the first stage. But all the same, you should follow the general rules of nutrition for better health.
Methods for treating type 2 diabetes
Modern endocrinology has not invented a method that would completely cure insulin-dependent diabetes. There are only areas of therapy that significantly alleviate the condition of a sick person and avoid an insulin coma.
- Compliance with the diet for type 2 diabetes (table 9 and 9a). This will allow the patient to feel relatively cheerful and increase efficiency. The basic rules for such a diet are described below.
- Pills that block the absorption of carbohydrates from food. For example, Glucophage or Siofor. The need for admission and dosage are discussed with your doctor.
- Injection of the hormone insulin is a replacement therapy that will accompany the patient throughout his remaining life.
List of products that are allowed
You can cook any dishes from those products whose use is allowed for diabetes. A table for type 2 diabetes means a complete rejection of simple and part complex carbohydrates. If the disease is still at the first stage, there is a possibility that the sugar level will reach reference values and further drug therapy will not be needed.
The list of products whose use is permitted for type 2 diabetes mellitus (table number 9):
- vegetable and meat broth;
- low-fat varieties of meat of cattle and poultry;
- vegetables are allowed only with a low content of carbohydrates (pumpkin, zucchini, eggplant, cucumbers, lettuce, cabbage);
- low-fat varieties are allowed from fish: pike perch, cod, hake, pollock, pike, saffron cod;
- dairy products with a fat content of not higher than 3.2%;
- unrefined vegetable oils;
- fruits should be limited, optimal sour apples and berries with a low content of carbohydrates;
- buckwheat and corn grits;
- of bakery products, only whole-grain diet breads are allowed.
List of strictly prohibited products
The list of products whose use is allowed on a diet with type 2 diabetes (table number 9) is as follows:
- vegetables and fruits high in carbohydrates: beets, carrots, asparagus, cherries, pineapple, bananas, potatoes;
- fatty pork and lamb;
- any preservation - stew, mushrooms, vegetables due to the high content of preservatives, seasonings, flavorings;
- porridge from white rice, semolina;
- chocolate, cocoa, candy, marshmallows, marmalade, ice cream, cakes, cookies, cake and any other confectionery;
- mayonnaise and ketchup, both self-made and factory-made;
- butter and ghee;
- dairy products with fat content above 3.2%;
- smoked fish and high-fat seafood such as mussels. It is also worth limiting the use of salmon fish.
What drinks are allowed for patients?
Any alcoholic beverages - whether beer, wine, cocktails or vodka - are prohibited in diabetes. The table for type 2 diabetes prohibits the use of any carbonated sweet water containing sugar or sweetener.
You can pamper yourself with low fat kefir and milk. Cook stewed fruit yourself from sour apples, mulberries, dogwood, currants and cherries. The sweetener based on erythritol is ideal as a sweetener. Regular cane or beet sugar as an additive is strictly prohibited.
Coffee, black and green tea are allowed. It is worth restricting the use of these drinks: no more than 400 ml per day.
What desserts and sweets can I eat?
For type 2 diabetes (table number 9 or 9a), any simple carbohydrates are prohibited. Patients often want to please themselves with a dessert or a sweet dish.
In this case, the recipe for an apple baked in an oven with cinnamon is ideal. You should take a sour apple (Granny Smith, Simirenko), cut in half, sprinkle with cinnamon and sweetener based on erythritol. Place in a microwave or oven, wait a few minutes - and the sweet aromatic dessert is ready.
The role of fats in the diet of a person with insulin-dependent diabetes
Table 9a for type 2 diabetes implies the mandatory presence of fats in the diet. It can be olive, linseed, cottonseed or sesame oil. They contain valuable omega-3 fatty acids, which are necessary to eliminate the symptoms of type 2 diabetes in women. Nutrition plays a huge role in the condition of the skin and hair, vitality and the amount of energy.
You can fill salads with oil or add it to soup puree. It is impossible to fry on it - when exposed to extreme temperatures, the beneficial properties go away.
The role of proteins and amino acids in a patient with diabetes
Among the symptoms of type 2 diabetes in women, the following can be distinguished:
- fragility and hair loss;
- dry skin prone to wrinkles;
- irritability and unmotivated aggression due to hormonal imbalance;
- muscle atrophy;
- fatigue;
- chronic fatigue.
These symptoms are also characteristic of men, but to a much lesser extent. In order to minimize the symptoms and consequences in women of type 2 diabetes, the level of protein and amino acids in the diet should be monitored. Every day you need to eat two or three chicken eggs, at least a hundred grams of chicken or turkey fillet, be sure to eat a pack of cottage cheese, drink a glass of yogurt. This set of products will prevent the development of amino acid deficiency.
Sample menu for a few days
The optimal menu during remission for people suffering from insulin-dependent type diabetes:
- Monday: a glass of fat-free kefir, a package of dietary whole wheat flour bread rolls, a handful of any berries; vegetable soup, veal goulash, tomato and cucumber salad.
- Tuesday: omelet of three eggs with herbs and vegetables; a pack of low-fat cottage cheese, grilled mackerel, buckwheat porridge with skim milk and sweetener, a handful of peanuts or hazelnuts, home-made cottage cheese ice cream.
- Wednesday: three boiled eggs, seaweed salad, buckwheat porridge with vegetable stew, chicken fillet, olivier salad without carrots and peas; a handful of any nuts, a briquette of fat-free cottage cheese.
- Thursday: oatmeal in skim milk; several bread rolls, lean borsch without potatoes, cod or pangasius, grilled.
- Friday: buckwheat porridge with fried eggs, packing of dietary whole wheat flour bread rolls, a handful of any berries; vegetable soup, veal goulash, tomato and cucumber salad.
- Saturday: omelet of three eggs with herbs and vegetables; a pack of low-fat cottage cheese, grilled mackerel, a handful of peanuts or hazelnuts, home-made cottage cheese ice cream.
- Sunday: apples baked in the oven with cinnamon, okroshka, omelet of three eggs with cauliflower and greens, minced fish cutlets, any natural cheese, crab sticks (you can make a salad with wild rice).
The role of the drinking regimen in insulin-dependent diabetes
Patients with an insulin-dependent type of disease suffer from constant thirst. However, do not indulge your desire to drink as much water as possible - this can trigger the development of polyuria.
The optimal amount of clean water per day for a person weighing about 70 kg is about two liters. Do not exceed or downplay this amount. The kidneys and bladder in diabetes are devastating, and the violation of the water regime also does not affect their condition in the best way.
Testimonials of patients about clinical nutrition according to the principles of table No. 9
There are a lot of responses from people who had to completely switch to the Table No. 9 diet for type 2 diabetes mellitus ). Most of them indicate a significant improvement in well-being. Already during the first week after a complete rejection of banned products, working capacity increases and mood improves.
Analyzes of blood sugar indicators are also encouraging: on a diet, they do not become ideal, but significantly impart. At the first stage of the disease, only a diet in some cases allows you to return sugar values to the reference value range.
Endocrinologists tips: how to switch to a diet
People who recently learned about their diagnosis are most often in a state of shock. Insulin-dependent diabetes is a disease that divides a person’s life into “before” and “after”. Only with a complete change in lifestyle can you maintain working capacity and normal well-being. Tips to help you adapt to a new state:
- Do not load yourself with work: give the psyche time to get used to a new diet and the need to monitor sugar levels;
- try to get distracted by pleasant information: watching your favorite movies, talking with nice people;
- monitor the water regime: do not drink too much liquid;
- abandon bad habits: alcohol and drug addiction, if any;
- heavy smokers will also have to give up their habit.