According to the instructions, "Phenotropil" 100 mg - tablets belonging to the category of nootropics. Their use in the treatment of pathologies of the central nervous system is widespread. "Phenotropil" is effective for neurotic disorders, schizophrenia, depression. You can use the composition with a decrease in motor activity, as well as conditions leading to exhaustion, lethargy, lack of attention. “Phenotropil” helps to increase patient activity, improve memory and increase the ability to perceive, absorb information.
Diagnoses and application
In the instructions for Phenotropil tablets, the manufacturer recommends using the drug for depressive disorders of the middle level and lungs, as well as lethargic apathy, which is accompanied by schizophrenia. Nootropic is effective if installed:
- seizure
- overweight;
- Mental organic syndromes, manifested by apathy, abulia, and intellectual disabilities.
Tablets can be used as prophylactic for:
- probabilities of hypoxia;
- increased stress loads;
- extreme professional conditions.
The instructions for tablets "Fenotropil" indicated that the tool prevents fatigue, increases activity, intelligence, physical. Often it is prescribed, if necessary, to adjust the biological daily rhythm of the patient.
You can use "Fenotropil" with chronic addiction to alcohol as a composition to alleviate the condition, manifestations of poisoning of the body.
Dosage Features
As the manufacturer warns in the instructions for "Fenotropil" 100 mg, the drug must be consumed under the supervision of a doctor. The product is intended for oral use after a meal. The duration of the course is selected individually at the doctor’s appointment, depending on the diagnosis, the general health of the patient.
Most often, a standard course is prescribed. The dosage at one time is 100-250 mg, the average daily dose is 200-300 mg. The instructions for the medicine “Fenotropil” indicate that the maximum daily dose is 750 mg. If a dosage of less than 100 mg is selected, then the entire portion is taken immediately, preferably in the morning. In excess of 100 mg, the amount of the drug recommended by the doctor per day should be divided into two doses.
The manufacturer advises in the instructions for the drug "Fenotropil" to use the composition for no more than a quarter of a year. Most often, a monthly program is prescribed, in some cases a two-week program. If there is a need for a courtyard reception, a monthly break is made between courses.
To improve performance in the instructions "Fenotropil" is recommended to use in an amount of 100-200 mg. The entire volume is taken in the morning at one time. Duration of use - half a month. Fenotropil athletes are recommended to use no longer than three days.
According to the instructions, for weight loss, “Fenotropil” in case of alimentary-constitutional excess weight is used for a monthly course or twice as long. The drug is used in the morning in the amount of 100-200 mg.
The manufacturer advises using the drug in food up to 15 hours. Later use is strongly not recommended, as the risk of sleep disturbance increases.
Overdose and side effects
Taking an excessive amount of the drug can lead to an activation of negative reactions of the body. If necessary, take measures to eliminate the symptoms. There is no specific antidote.
In the reviews and instructions of “Phenotropil” relatively few side effects are mentioned. Most often, patients taking the drug experienced insomnia. To prevent such a problem, the manufacturer recommends that all portions of the composition prescribed by the doctor be used in food for up to 15 hours. The frequency of occurrence of sleep disturbances in patients with a later intake is unknown.
Some noted that in the first three days of using the medication, a feeling of warmth, an excited state, pursued. According to reviews, “Fenotropil” (instructions confirm this) can provoke flushing of the skin.
Clinical trials have shown that Fenotropil may cause:
- aggressiveness;
- tearfulness;
- Concerns
- irritability.
The instructions for “Phenotropil” indicate: some patients complained that they were sore and dizzy, increased pressure. Possible increased keratosis, hyperemia of the skin of the palm.
A specific list of adverse reactions identified in clinical trials is thought to be associated with tablets, but this fact has not been proven at this time. These side effects in the instructions of "Phenotropil" are listed:
- craving for sleep;
- angioedema;
- insomnia;
- prolapse hallucinations;
- depressed state;
- hives;
- weakness;
- obsessive thoughts;
- apathy;
- dry, bitter taste in the mouth;
- itching, rashes on the skin;
- hypomania.
Sometimes you can’t
All possible contraindications can be found in the instructions for "Phenotropil". The main reason to refuse to take is intolerance to any component used in the manufacture of the medication. In addition, “Fenotropil” should not be used if the patient is mentally exhausted, which is often observed against the background of prolonged stress and overwork. Do not use tablets if insomnia is chronically disturbing.
It must be borne in mind that at the beginning of the course the patient may experience an increased need for sleep. If the patient undergoes outpatient therapy, “Fenotropil” is used strictly on non-working days.
"Phenotropil" is not used for:
- violation of the functionality of the liver, kidneys in severe form;
- atherosclerosis;
- high blood pressure;
- history of panic attacks;
- acute psychoses in the past;
- an allergic response to nootropics based on pyrolidone.
Neglect of these contraindications, as can be seen from the reviews of doctors, instructions "Phenotropil", can cause an exacerbation of the condition, the appearance of panic disorder, hallucinations, delirium is possible.
The composition of the tablets contains lactose, so the medication is forbidden to people who can not tolerate this compound, suffering from a lack of lactase in the body. The drug is available only in the form of tablets. Injections "Fenotropil" (and instructions for use) do not exist in nature.
The manufacturer imposes fairly strict restrictions on the possibility of taking the drug by different age groups. According to the instructions "Fenotropil" children are prohibited.
Compatibility and conditions
The manufacturer notes that the composition can change the speed of psychomotor reactions, so you should not drive vehicles or work with high-precision devices during the course.
The simultaneous use of tablets and substances stimulating the nervous system leads to activation of the effects of both types. A similar result is observed when combined with:
- antidepressants;
- nootropics.
Technical and biological features
Carton packs containing 1-3 blisters with a dozen doses of the “Fenotropil” preparation and instructions for use are on sale (for children, it should be remembered that the drug is not prescribed). One tablet contains 100 mg of the active ingredient phenylpiracetam. Additionally, in the manufacture of the composition were used:
- lactose;
- starch;
- calcium stearate.
According to the instructions for use, “Phenotropil” (should not be used by children) belongs to the category of compounds stimulating the human psyche, nootropics. It affects the integral activity of the brain, helps to focus, stimulates the intellect. Under the influence of active components, it is easier to learn, remember information, process and absorb it. At the same time, it has a convulsive warning effect, increases the resistance of brain tissues to oxygen deficiency, toxic compounds. Clinical trials have shown that Fenotropil, when used according to indications, improves the mood of the patient. Under the influence of the drug, a balance is achieved between activation, slowdown of the central nervous system.
In the instructions, the manufacturer draws attention to the positive effect on the quality of cerebral blood flow, metabolism. The medication increases the energy potential by utilizing glucose reserves, initiates oxidative, reduction reactions, activates the blood flow in areas of the brain affected by ischemia.
Under the influence of active compounds in the body, the concentration of dopamine, norepinephrine, and serotonin increases. There is no effect on the amount of GABA. The active substance does not react with A-, B-GABA receptors, does not affect biological electrical spontaneous brain activity.
Impact Features
The use of the course of tablets "Fenotropil" does not lead to adjustment of the heart and blood vessels, if you use the drug according to indications and in recommended doses. There is no effect on the respiratory system, the diuretic effect is weak. Clinical trials have proven the anorexigenic result of admission. To a moderate degree, the tool corrects motor reactions, increasing efficiency, human endurance. When combining hexenal or ethanol with Phenotropil, the hypnotic effect of the first groups somewhat decreases. In general, tablets have a stimulating effect on the patient.
"Phenotropil" is a moderate psychostimulant with anxiolytic effect. There is a mild analgesic effect, manifested in an increase in the patient's threshold for pain sensitivity. Under the influence of the components of the drug, resistance to stress factors increases, which is especially true if a person is faced with high physical, mental stress. "Phenotropil" is indicated for immobilization, hypokinesia, a tendency to tire quickly, low temperature.
Observations have shown that "Phenotropil" affects vision, increasing acuity, expanding the field of vision. The quality of blood flow in the legs improves. With the introduction of antigen while taking the drug, antibodies are more actively produced. This allowed us to conclude about the stimulation of immunity. The tool does not lead to the formation of hypersensitivity, does not affect the inflammatory and allergic responses that appear on the skin, if a foreign protein enters the body.
Chemistry: specific nuances
Prolonged use does not lead to addiction or the formation of tolerance to the drug. There is no withdrawal syndrome upon termination of the course. The effect can be felt already after the first dose of the drug, so that the drug has spread as indispensable in extreme conditions. The carcinogenic qualities are not inherent in the product; Phenotropil does not cause mutations and does not have teratogenic, embryotoxic properties.
After administration, the active component is rapidly absorbed. The substance crosses the blood-brain barrier. Bioavailability is estimated at 100%. An hour after the medication is ingested, the maximum level of concentration in the circulatory system is observed. The half-life is estimated at 3-5 hours. In the body, the drug does not change, it is excreted unchanged, about 60% - with bile, sweat gland secretions, the rest - with urine.
Do not use Phenotropil tablets during pregnancy or breastfeeding. Medicine does not have information about the possible consequences of such a practice. No clinical trials have been performed.
“Fenotropil” should not be used for minors. There have been no trials showing the safety and effectiveness of such therapy for children.
The drug is toxic to a very low degree. When conducting an acute experiment, it was revealed that the lethal dosage of the drug depends on the person’s weight and is calculated as 800 mg per kilogram of weight.
"Phenotropil": analogues
Instructions for use of the drug in question contain indications for use, similar to those for which:
- Nootropil.
- "Picamilon."
- Piracetam.
- "Pyriditol."
The cost of the tablets in question is quite high, a package with a dozen capsules costs about 500 rubles, and with 30 doses - more than a thousand, in some pharmacies - up to one and a half thousand rubles. This forces many who are recommended in high dosage to look for more affordable Phenotropil analogs. The instructions for use will have to be respected, whatever composition was purchased. Before purchasing a replacement, you should consult your doctor, otherwise the chosen option may be ineffective.
Analogs: "Piracetam"
The tool is presented in pharmacies at a price of 60 to 300 rubles. The specific price tag is determined by the manufacturer, the quantity and form of the drug, the pricing policy of the pharmaceutical point of sale. The product belongs to the group of GABA derivatives.
Shortly after penetration into the circulatory system, the active component reacts with phospholipid heads, forming mobile structures of piracetam-phospholipid. This helps to restore the structure of cell membranes, make them stable, which means that three-dimensional membrane structures are normalized, transmembrane proteins come back to normal. Gradually returns to the standard functionality of biological elements.
Piracetam activates transmission between synapses, affecting the density and activity of receptors. Refinement of information was obtained during experiments on animals. The quality of the connections between the cerebral hemispheres and the conductivity of neocortical elements increase. Blood circulation in the brain tissue is normalized.
Under the influence of Piracetam, the central nervous system is stabilized. This is provided by several forms of influence - on neurotransmission, metabolism, neuronal plasticity. Blood circulation at the level of capillaries improves, rheological blood parameters stabilize. The drug does not initiate vasodilation.
Important Features
The use of "Piracetam" can reduce nystagmus, neuronitis. The tool is used for myoclonus. It can be used as an independent drug or as an element of an integrated approach. With cerebral injuries caused by a lack of oxygen, electroconvulsive treatment, poisoning, Piracetam helps to normalize the patient's cognitive abilities. If cerebral dysfunction is established, under the influence of Piracetam:
- the ability to concentrate is increased;
- cognitive capabilities are improved;
- learning ability is stimulated;
- memory, consciousness, mindfulness are activated.
There is a positive impact on the intellectual level, performance. At the same time, the drug is not a psychostimulant, sedative. The use of the drug leads to changes in the EEG.
"Piracetam" affects the vascular wall, thrombotic, red blood cells. The drug inhibits vascular spasm, reduces the activity of vasospastic compounds. In experiments on healthy people, a reduced adhesion of red blood cells to the vascular endothelium was revealed. In addition, the production of prostacyclins has intensified in the endothelium.
Drug kinetics
"Piracetam" has a linear profile of pharmacological kinetics, does not depend on time. In blood plasma, a stable level of concentration of the active component is observed three days after the start of the course.
Soon after using the composition, the active component is absorbed into the circulatory system. Bioavailability is estimated at 100%. A single use of a two-gram dose allows you to observe the maximum concentration level of piracetam in the blood plasma in just half an hour. Quantitative indicators - 40-60 mcg / ml. After 2-8 hours, the substance penetrates into the fluid of the spinal cord.
When using 3.2 g, the maximum concentration level is about 84 ÎĽg / ml. When using this amount three times a day, the parameter reaches 115 ÎĽg / ml. The highest level is recorded an hour after taking the drug. After about five hours, the maximum level of spinal cord fluid is observed. Eating food lowers the concentration by an average of 17%, increases the time required to achieve the highest levels by half an hour.
Technical details
"Piracetam" does not come into contact with plasma proteins, is able to penetrate the placenta and the blood-brain barrier. Accumulation in the cerebral cortex is possible. Mostly, foci of accumulation are observed in the neck, crown, and also in the basal nuclei and cerebellum. The tool does not transform, does not form metabolites.
The half-life of piracetam from plasma is estimated at 4-5 hours, from the fluid of the spinal cord - about 8.5 hours. The duration of this period does not depend on the form used, the route of administration of the drug. Slightly longer time intervals if the patient suffers from renal failure. In the terminal stage, an increase in half-life up to 59 hours is possible.