To date, in medical practice, laparoscopic surgery has become very common. Previously, the method of complete dissection of tissues was used. Laparoscopy avoids a long rehabilitation period, and the suture remains much smaller.
Definition
Laparoscopic surgery is a surgical method consisting in the operation through small punctures. Their number does not exceed 5-6 pieces, and the dimensions are minimal (5-10 mm). To monitor the movements of medical instruments, mini-cameras are used that are inserted into the body. To create space, a portion of carbon dioxide is introduced into the operated area. It expands the walls and allows free movement of tools.
To date, medicine uses cameras of the latest generations. They allow you to enlarge the image tens of times. The image is displayed on a computer in HD format.
Similar operations are performed on different organs, but kidney laparoscopy is most common .
Operations in the 90s
The kidneys perform many functions in the body, but the main ones are cleansing the body of harmful substances and excess water. This is an oval-shaped paired organ. The kidneys are located below the ribs, closer to the area of the spine.
It is because of this arrangement that the operations were performed for a long time with an incision in the lumbar region. In this area there are many muscle interlacing. Their incision increased the complexity of the operation and the duration of the recovery period. Kidney laparoscopy was first performed only in the 90s.
The benefits of laparoscopy
Before the advent of this method, a complete opening of the cavity was carried out. The incisions could reach 20 cm. The operation was accompanied by a long period of rehabilitation, large blood loss, and a stain remained on the body for life as a memory. Thus, the following advantages of laparoscopic operations can be distinguished:
1. Laparoscopy of the kidneys is accompanied by less pain, and the use of potent painkillers is not required. Minimum doses of analgesics are prescribed, and pain is faster.
2. The rehabilitation period takes a short time. As a rule, 7-10 days are enough. Compared to open surgery, the period is minimal. With abdominal intervention, rehabilitation took from several weeks to a month.
3. Laparoscopic intervention leaves minimal traces. These are small puncture points. Very often they heal altogether. Sometimes even a professional cannot find them.
4. The likelihood of adhesions is minimal. Very often, the appearance of adhesions causes pain and intestinal obstruction.
5. The risk of ventral hernias is minimized.
6. Surgery rarely has consequences such as infection.
Disadvantages of the method
Despite the abundance of pluses, such an operation as laparoscopy of the kidneys has its drawbacks, in comparison with open surgery:
1. The high cost of the operation. Due to the use of expensive equipment, the price of an operation may seem high. However, do not forget about the long recovery period after an open operation, which requires the use of painkillers and often wearing a corset.
2. High professionalism of the surgeon and medical staff. Surgery kidney laparoscopy implies that the hospital staff has all the necessary skills for such manipulations.
Laparoscopy of a kidney cyst
Cysts in the kidneys are not uncommon. A cyst is a growth on a specific organ that has a round shape filled with fluid. When a similar disease appears, it is asymptomatic for a long time. The first symptoms are manifested by pain and lead to complete atrophy of the organ. Treatment of such a problem is possible only surgically.
Indications for kidney cyst removal surgery
When a number of symptoms appear, it is recommended to carry out a surgical operation to remove the neoplasm:
1. A sharp or aching pain in the kidneys.
2. Large size of the neoplasm (up to 10 cm).
3. The occurrence of problems with urination. A cyst can pinch the urethra and impede the natural process.
4. The beginning of the inflammatory process.
5. Bursting cyst.
6. Detection of blood clots during urination.
7. Detection of cancer cells in the neoplasm.
Contraindications for surgery
There are a number of contraindications for kidney laparoscopy:
1. Diabetes mellitus.
2. Heart disease.
3. The disease has not yet manifested itself.
4. Allergic reaction.
5. The inflammatory process in the body.
Preparation period
Before surgery, you must follow some recommendations:
1. Do not overcool. Any weakening of the immune system is undesirable.
2. Eliminate blood thinners.
3. Pass the necessary tests: blood, urine, the presence of infections. Do an ultrasound and ECG.
4. A few days before the appointed date you need to adhere to a certain diet. Eliminate fatty and fried foods, pastries, vegetables and fruits from the diet.
5. On the eve of the operation, a bowel cleansing procedure is done. Food and water are excluded 8 hours before surgery.
6. It is necessary to perform hair removal from the pubic and abdominal areas. You can just cut it short.
7. In the presence of vein diseases, it is better to purchase compression hosiery, which is worn during the operation. Sometimes it is possible to continue wearing it according to the doctor’s testimony.
Types of operations
There are several ways to carry out the procedure for removing the neoplasm in the kidney when laparoscopy is performed . Removal of the kidney is performed exclusively with open surgery. In this case, the organ is completely removed. A similar method is rarely used today.
When carrying out laparoscopic surgery, either the cyst walls are glued together, or it is sutured with a wound.
Kinds:
1. The introduction of the endoscope into the urethra.
2. A puncture in the back or abdominal area.
The first version of the operation is performed under general anesthesia. The procedure involves the connection of cyst tissues with tissues of neighboring organs. The cyst should grow together and leave no residue. After the operation, not even a scar remains. This method has not gained popularity due to the possible occurrence of negative consequences.
The second type of surgical intervention is used quite often, since it is the most sparing. The cyst contents are removed. The operation is performed under local anesthesia.
After the operation, a second ultrasound is done to evaluate the results of the surgical intervention. Laparoscopy of kidney cysts usually has favorable consequences . Initially, a small amount of fluid remains in the neoplasm. Gradually, it resolves on its own. Otherwise, it is possible to refill it, which will cause another operation.
Removal of a kidney cyst (laparoscopy): postoperative period
The recovery period is determined by the type of operation, but generally does not take more than one month. The first days the patient is not allowed to get up. On the 2-3rd day, they are usually allowed to rise and walk slowly. When conducting laparoscopy, you can go home on the third day. With an open operation, in a week.
Surgery kidney laparoscopy, the postoperative recovery period of which does not take much time, is quite common. Despite this, the use of pain medications to the patient can not be avoided.
Diet after surgery
After surgery ( laparoscopy of a cyst on the kidney), the diet must be followed. You must follow these rules:
1. Oversalt foods, fried, greasy, spicy, coffee and chocolate are excluded from the diet.
2. Eating protein foods should be sufficient and not excessive. Such restrictions are associated with a decrease in the burden on the body and its disposal of toxic products.
3. Have to control the amount of fluid drunk per day. Such recommendations are relevant for patients with a tendency to edema and problems with cardiac activity.
4. The use of salty foods can be minimized or eliminated altogether. This is true for those with a cyst that can cause kidney damage.
conclusions
Thus, medicine does not stand still. Laparoscopic surgery is her undoubted achievement.