If redness of the skin appeared bubbles of different sizes with a liquid inside, which can be either transparent or cloudy, then doctors are talking about the appearance of a disease such as bullous dermatitis. As a rule, the disease is inflammatory in nature. He has the people the usual names: frostbite, allergies, burns.
Pathology Description
Bullous dermatitis is an inflammatory skin disease. It appears in the form of blisters on the skin, filled with liquid. In most cases, the cause of such a disease is careless contact with any irritant (chemical, biological, physical). Other causes can cause the disease: internal pathologies, genetic abnormalities.
This pathology is often a secondary sign of other diseases. For example, infectious or severe congenital ailments. Successful treatment is impossible without an accurate determination of the causes of the disease.
The main factors in the occurrence of pathology
Bullous dermatitis can be caused by both internal and external causes. Consider them.
External factors most often include:
- temperature changes;
- exposure to ultraviolet radiation;
- irritation from various chemistry;
- allergy to plants.
Internal are:
- violation of metabolic processes in the body;
- complications of dermatoses;
- genetic abnormalities;
- various viral diseases.
The appearance of bullous dermatitis can also be affected by any violation in the endocrine system. Often, pathology provokes diabetes mellitus or thyroid problems.
But sometimes even doctors cannot pinpoint the cause of the pathology. Until today, it is not known what causes herpetiform bullous dermatitis.
The main causes of this chronic skin lesion include:
- glutein intolerance;
- ascariasis;
- body sensitivity to iodine;
- viral ailments;
- disturbed functioning of the digestive tract.
Characteristic symptoms
With a careful examination of bullous dermatitis, you can see vesicles formed on the skin of the patient, filled with liquid. They are the main symptom of the disease in question.
Signs of illness may vary. For example, herpetiform bullous dermatitis is characterized by severe burning and itching.
Symptoms of the disease most often depend on what factors provoked the disease. Therefore, it is worth considering the most common varieties of the disease in more detail.
Main types
The most common varieties are:
- Cold dermatitis. It develops due to frostbite on the surface of the skin. Accompanied by spasms of blood vessels. Later, the skin begins to redden, disturbing the sensation of pain and burning. Then there are bubbles filled with blood or cloudy contents. If you open them, then on the skin there will be places of erosion, which in the future will be covered with a crust. With dermatitis caused not by low but high temperatures, the clinical picture is actually the same. But bubbles form almost instantly. Bullous dermatitis characterizes burns and frostbite of a serious stage. As a rule, this is damage of the 2nd degree.
- Solar dermatitis. With this form, rashes appear after a long stay under scorching rays. The skin in open areas of the body turns red, inflamed. Bubbles of different diameters filled with liquid appear on it. After opening them, weeping erosion remains on the skin. Manifestations of solar dermatitis are accompanied by a general deterioration. The temperature rises, itching, burning appears. There are painful sensations at the sites of damage.
- Chemical dermatitis. Symptoms of this pathology initially appear on those areas of the skin that are directly in contact with a harmful substance. Later, the rash may spread to other areas. Sometimes it even covers the entire body, including the neck and eyes. In some severe cases, edema can interfere with the normal functioning of vision and pose a serious danger to the patient's life.
- Hereditary. Such bullous dermatitis is recognized and diagnosed in children immediately after birth. An example is Haley-Haley disease. The patient develops characteristic vesicles on the skin, even with minor bumps and injuries.
- Dermatitis is metabolic. Appears as a result of disruption of the endocrine system and improper metabolism. For example, in diabetes mellitus, diabetic dermatitis may appear. It manifests as watery blisters on the arms and legs. Due to insufficient zinc in the body, enteropathic acrodermatitis may develop. Pathology is accompanied by the formation of bubbles on the lips, limbs and, possibly, the oral cavity.
- Bullous exfoliative dermatitis. It is characteristic for newborns. This is a rather severe form of the disease that occurs from the first days of a baby’s life. Bubbles are filled with gray liquid. Their size is growing rapidly, and they themselves are distributed almost throughout the body. After opening such blisters, large erosions remain. With bullous exfoliative dermatitis, the general condition of the child worsens: fever, dyspeptic disorders are possible . In especially severe cases, sepsis appears. Not even a fatal outcome is possible.
How to diagnose a disease
The doctor first of all examines the skin. The doctor should evaluate the arising bubbles: their size, color, fullness, quantity and localization.
To differentiate pathology, various clinical and laboratory studies are used:
- The fluid in the bubbles is carefully examined under a microscope.
- Immunofluorescence helps diagnose allergic bullous dermatitis. Such a pathology can arise as a result of various provocateurs. The appearance of blisters is a fairly characteristic symptomatology of allergies.
- The most accurate and voluminous method for diagnosing the disease is considered a biopsy.
- If dermatitis is hereditary, then the best way to determine it is electron microscopic examination.
Treatment methods
Each type of bullous dermatitis requires its own approach to therapy.
However, we can distinguish the following main stages:
- Drying. The skin is treated with a special substance (potassium permanganate, hydrogen peroxide, green) to heal the blisters.
- Autopsy. Drying is not applicable for large bubbles. They just need to be opened. But this should only be done by a doctor.
- Treatment. Formed on the site of erosion bubbles require special care. In areas of severe damage, regular dressings and medication are necessary.
Drug therapy
Do not forget that only a doctor can prescribe, if diagnosed with bullous dermatitis, treatment.
Complex therapy of pathology most often includes such drugs:
- Non-hormonal local drugs: "Tsinokap", "Skin-cap", "Radevit".
- Antihistamines: Telfast, Zirtek, Claritin, Cetrin.
- Hormonal local medicines: Advantan, Triderm, Celestoderm.
- Corticosteroids: Prednisone, Triamcinol.
- Antibacterial and antifungal local drugs: "Fucidin", "Levomekol", "Exoderil".
- Sedative medicines: "Phenazepam", "Sedasen", "Persen".
- Immunosuppressive drugs: Methotrexate, Azathioprine.
If blisters form on the skin, then you should not risk health and neglect the examination by a doctor. Timely diagnosis and treatment will protect against serious disorders in the body.