Deformation of the gallbladder in medical practice is not considered to be any disease, since they are congenital or acquired features of this organ. Nevertheless, patients with such pathologies need to carefully monitor the rest of their diet, physical and digestive stress, etc.
Causes of occurrence
There may be a lot of factors and reasons that could precede the deformation of the gallbladder (ICD Q44.1). As a rule, they are divided into those that were formed during the period of intrauterine development, and those that appeared in the process of life.
Congenital malformation
Congenital malformations of the gallbladder may appear due to any disturbances during the period of gestation. In addition, a hereditary predisposition, abuse of nicotine, alcohol, and increased physical activity can be a factor in the formation of such defects.
Thus, in medical science, a specific list of factors for the development of gallbladder deformities is defined, which includes:
- Inflammatory processes of a chronic type occurring in the biliary tract.
- Calculi in the bile ducts or in the bladder itself.
- Systematic episodes of overeating, as well as strict diets, which are replaced by bouts of gluttony, any change in eating behavior.
- Increased physical activity on the abdominal muscles.
- Diaphragm attenuation.
- Adhesive processes.
- A variety of diseases of the digestive organs.
- Dyskinesia of the bile ducts.
- Benign or malignant tumor processes.
Deformations of the gallbladder can also be caused by age-related changes, as elderly people often experience the prolapse of certain internal organs, in particular the gallbladder. Most often, a similar problem develops due to hernias of the abdominal wall, as well as after some surgical interventions on the internal organs.
Symptomatology
Symptoms arising from a variety of deformations of the gallbladder depend, as a rule, on the rate of development of the pathological process. If a similar organ defect appears sharply, then its signs can be expressed as an intensifying pain syndrome in the gallbladder, as well as the liver.
Signs of gallbladder deformity are important to identify in a timely manner.
At the same time, the patient develops yellowness of the mucous membranes and skin, frequent bouts of nausea, a feeling of disgust for food, and in some cases it is possible to increase the temperature to subfebrile marks. With deep palpation in the projection of the liver, a person feels severe soreness, and when examining the tongue, there is a dense yellow coating.
If the deformation of the gallbladder is formed gradually, then the signs of this pathology can appear simultaneously with a violation of the throughput function of the biliary tract, which has led to a change in the shape of the organ.
With a gradually formed deformation, the following symptoms may be noted:
- Discoloration of fecal matter.
- Decreased or loss of appetite.
- The appearance in the fecal masses of fatty elements.
- Gradual weight loss.
Patients in whom gallbladder deformity develops at a slow pace may indicate a feeling of heaviness in the right hypochondrium, pain in the form of burning pain throughout the small intestine, as well as a variety of dyspeptic disorders.
Some danger is presented by such a phenomenon as necrosis of the cervical region of the gallbladder, which arises, as a rule, due to a prolonged change in the shape of this organ. This pathological condition can provoke tissue death and penetration into the abdominal cavity of bile fluid, which, in turn, can cause the development of peritonitis, which in most cases leads to death, especially if the patient is not given timely help.
Consider the deformation of the gallbladder with an inflection.
Gallbladder inflection
Given the anatomical data, the gallbladder can be divided into three parts: the bladder body, cervical region and the bottom. The most common deformation of the gallbladder is its kink between the bottom and the body. This pathological phenomenon is clinically characterized by the occurrence of attacks of nausea, increased sweating, acute pain in the right hypochondrium, and these pains are given to the costal and scapular region. It is also possible a change in complexion, weight loss. Lack of medical support in such a situation can lead to very negative consequences.
Multiple deformations of the gallbladder through kinks, when a violation of the shape of this organ in several places at the same time, also occurs, but much less often. Such a pathology contributes to an increase in the gallbladder in size, the development of a disease such as calculous cholecystitis, the formation of adhesions, impaired blood flow in the liver. The patient’s condition is, as a rule, serious, and it proceeds with severe dyspepsia and is accompanied by acute soreness.
Labile deformation
This type of gallbladder shape disorder is noted quite often. This pathology is a temporary violation that occurs, as a rule, during excessive physical exertion, after lifting weights, as well as for some other reasons. Such a violation is rarely accompanied by any unpleasant symptoms and, in most cases, after a while passes on its own.
What is the deformation of the neck of the gallbladder?
Neck strain
No less common phenomenon is another variant of the altered form - this is a deformation of the anatomical structure of the gallbladder in the neck. Usually this occurs against a background of sluggish chronic inflammation, such as cholecystitis. In this case, the pathological process extends to the external walls of the bile: at the same time, adhesions are formed, which lead to anatomical changes in the organ. This condition contributes to digestive disorders and even changes in the composition of the bile secreted. In some cases of neck deformation, the organ walls are completely twisted around their axis.
In this situation, the prolapse of some organs of the abdominal cavity may develop, which can also be caused by excessive and prolonged physical activity. Another reason for this kind of deformation of the bladder, many clinicians consider the elongation of the cervical department of this organ, as well as its sagging. In more rare cases, multiple gallbladder twisting is observed in the neck, and this phenomenon is considered the most critical, since it inevitably leads to a disruption in the flow of blood to the organ.
Deformation of the gallbladder wall
Such a phenomenon cannot be called very common, but it also occurs in cases of the development of chronic forms of cholecystitis, and this is mainly due to sclerotic changes in the vessels of the walls of the gallbladder or the formation of adhesions on the site of its bottom. This pathology can be easily diagnosed during ultrasound diagnostics, when specific parietal cavities, protrusions, as well as calcium deposits at the walls are visually observed, which in general reflects the overall clinical picture.
Let's talk about the contour deformation of the gallbladder.
Contour deformation
The types of violations of the anatomy of the gallbladder also include its so-called contour deformation. The essence of such a violation is clear from the name itself - violations of the contours of this body occur. In its normal form, the gallbladder is similar to a pear-shaped formation, which is connected to the liver with its lower part. With contour deformations, the outlines of the bubble change to some extent. This can be triggered by chronic inflammatory processes or a violation of the outflow of bile.
Typically, severe deformity is accompanied by sharp pains that most often occur after eating, stress, or weight lifting. But often, such a defect is detected completely by accident and may not affect the digestion process and the general condition of the patient. Nevertheless, many people over time note a violation of the motor functions of the gastrointestinal system, the formation of stones or microcrystalline sediment in the gallbladder, the occurrence of cholecystitis. The likelihood of developing complications in this case is due to the degree of deformation itself, its nature, as well as the patient’s nutrition and lifestyle.
S-shaped deformation
This violation is a double inflection of the bubble in the form of the letter S. Most often, this pathology is congenital and occurs due to the influence of hereditary factors. Somewhat less often, one can observe the acquired S-shaped deformation that occurs when the growth of the gallbladder begins to outstrip the formation of other organs.
Adult deformity
In adult patients, a violation of the anatomy of the gallbladder can occur as a result of cholecystitis, as well as after Botkin's disease. It is possible that the deformation is congenital, just until the moment of detection, the patient was never informed of its presence. The symptoms are: nausea, vomiting, pain in the epigastrium and in the right hypochondrium, flatulence, sweating, constipation or diarrhea.
If stool retention is present, then this may be a sign of inflammation in the gallbladder or the development of calculous cholecystitis, which is characterized by the formation of stones in the organ.
How does deformation of the gallbladder in a child proceed?
Deformation in children
Currently, specialists often diagnose deformations of the structure of the gallbladder in childhood. Most often, such a disease is observed in adolescence, when as a result of prolonged stagnation with the active growth of the body, an inflammatory process develops. The main factor in the development of this phenomenon may be dyskinesia of the bile ducts, or the formation of sand or stone deposits in the bladder.
Nevertheless, most often, the deformation of the gallbladder in a child is congenital, otherwise its causes may be:
- Inflammatory diseases of the digestive tract.
- Violation of the outflow of bile.
- Pathology of the biliary system.
In this case, the child complains of aching pain on the right, loss of appetite, bitterness in the mouth, belching, nausea. Soreness can be associated with eating, overeating and physical activity.
How to treat gallbladder deformity, the doctor will tell.
Effects
If the deformation of this organ affects the excretion of bile, then the formation of bile stasis is possible. This can serve as a basis for the development of inflammatory reactions in the organ with the further formation of stones in the bladder. Stagnation can also occur due to bends in the bladder and folds. Twisting of the bladder and complete kink can provoke a prolonged circulatory disturbance in the abdominal organs, and over time this process can develop into necrosis of the tissues of the bladder, the exit of bile secretion and perforation of its walls. As a result, biliary peritonitis begins, which causes significant intoxication with a violation of homeostasis.
What is the treatment for gallbladder deformity?
Treatment
Therapy is as follows:
- Compliance with bed rest in the acute period.
- Reception of a large amount of liquid.
- Special diet.
- Reception of analgesics and antispasmodic drugs. In the acute period, intramuscular use of drotaverine is recommended.
- The use of atropine sulfate is 0.1%, and in more severe pathological conditions, Tramadol is used.
- Reception of antibacterial medicines (cephalosporins, ampicillins).
- Antifungal treatment.
- The use of probiotics.
- In the presence of intoxication - detoxification therapy.
- The use of choleretic drugs, in particular after the elimination of the acute period - “Hepabene”, “Flaming”, “Nicodene”.