"Lidocaine" - a means for local anesthesia. The drug is used for conduction, as well as infiltration and terminal anesthesia. "Lidocaine" has a local anesthetic and antiarrhythmic effect. This anesthetic affects due to the suppression of nerve conduction due to the blockade of sodium channels in the nerve endings.
Lidocaine is better than Procaine, its effect lasts longer - up to 75 minutes (in combination with Epinephrine - more than two hours). The drug, when used locally, expands the capillaries, does not have an irritating effect.
The mechanism of action of Lidocaine is due to the ability to increase the permeability of membranes for potassium, as well as block sodium channels and stabilize cell membranes.
The drug does not have a special effect on contractility, conduction of the heart muscles. The level of absorption of the drug with local use depends on the dosage and place of use.
After intramuscular injection, Lidocaine reaches its maximum concentration five to fifteen minutes after the procedure. The drug is dispensed in three dosage forms:
Indications
Lidocaine injections are used for local anesthesia in the following areas of medicine:
- dental practice;
- Surgery
- ophthalmology;
- ENT practice;
- gynecology;
- for peripheral nerve blockade in patients with pain;
- pulmonology;
- gastroenterology.
Apply a 10% solution as an antiarrhythmic agent. Spray "Lidocaine" is used:
- To remove milk teeth, tartar.
- Dental crown fixation.
- Conducting other manipulations requiring a short anesthesia.
- For tonsillectomy.
- Truncation of nasal polyps.
- Alignment of the septum.
- Anesthetizing the process of piercing and rinsing the maxillary sinus.
Spray "Lidocaine" shows increased efficiency in the diagnosis for anesthetization of the larynx. In gynecology, the spray is used to eliminate sutures, as well as dissecting the female perineum during childbirth, surgery on the cervix. In dermatology, the drug is used for anesthesia of the mucous membranes, as well as the skin during small surgical procedures.
Contraindications
The solution of "Lidocaine" for injection is forbidden to use in the presence of the following conditions:
- Blockade of atrioventricular second and third degree (a kind of heart block, indicating a violation of the electrical impulse from the atria to the ventricles).
- Heart disease.
- Severe bradycardia (slowing down the work of the most important organ in our body, the heart).
- Arterial hypotension (persistent or regular decrease in blood pressure).
- Cardiogenic shock (a life-threatening condition that develops as a result of a sharp violation of the contractile function of the left ventricle, a decrease in the minute and stroke volumes of the heart, as a result of which the blood supply to all organs and tissues of the body worsens significantly).
- Complete transverse cardiac blockade (impaired conduction of nerve impulses along the conduction system of the heart).
- Porphyria (a congenital disease accompanied by impaired metabolism and hemoglobin structure).
- Myasthenia gravis (an autoimmune neuromuscular disease characterized by pathologically rapid fatigability of striated muscles).
- Hypovolemia (a pathological process in which the volume of circulating blood decreases).
- Glaucoma (a chronic pathological process in the visual organs, which is characterized by an increase in intraocular pressure, as well as the occurrence of optical neuropathy).
- Increased Sensitivity.
- Lactation
- Pregnancy
Spray with special care is recommended for people with weakened immunity, patients of retirement age, children. In addition, it is necessary to be careful with the medicine for people suffering from epilepsy, with bradycardia, liver damage, conduction disorders, pregnancy.
During breastfeeding, the spray can be used only after the permission of a specialist.
Instruction manual
How to inject Lidocaine? Before using the drug, an allergy test must be performed to identify possible sensitivity to the anesthetic. If swelling or redness appears, it is not recommended to use the medication for anesthesia.
Perform conduction anesthesia with "Lidocaine" 2% in ampoules. And also apply this solution for instillation into the conjunctiva of the eye and processing the mucous membranes, the medication is suitable for intramuscular and intravenous administration.
The dosage of the drug is individual, but the following general concentrations of the drug are indicated in the instructions:
- For conduction anesthesia, 100-200 milligrams of the drug (but not more than 200 mg) are used.
- For anesthesia of the nasal cavity, hearing organs, fingers - 40-60 milligrams of the drug.
When prescribing injections, to achieve the maximum pharmacological effect, Epinephrine is additionally recommended (if there are no prohibitions on use). In ophthalmology, up to six drops of the solution are used, instilling two drops every thirty to sixty seconds.
As a rule, four to six drops of Lidocaine 2% in ampoules in one eye are enough for anesthesia before surgery, as well as for diagnostic procedures. For terminal anesthesia, the maximum permitted dosage of the drug according to the instructions is 20 milliliters. The duration of the procedure is thirty minutes.
1% solution
The drug is used for administration intramuscularly and subcutaneously. In addition, the drug is used for conduction anesthesia and the treatment of mucous membranes. A 1% Lidocaine with Ceftriaxone (antibiotic) is also used. In this case, the solution acts as a solvent.
The application and dosage of the drug is determined by a medical specialist individually. For local conduction anesthesia, the concentration of the drug varies from five to ten milliliters.
For small patients with any type of peripheral anesthesia, the total concentration of 1% Lidocaine solution (in ampoules) should not exceed 3 milligrams per kilogram of the child’s weight.
For anesthesia of the brachial and sacral plexus, also apply from 5 to 10 ml of the drug.
To anesthetize the fingers of the extremities, 2 to 3 milliliters of 1% Lidocaine in ampoules is used. The maximum dosage of the drug is 10 milliliters, this concentration of the drug is not recommended to be re-administered within 24 hours.
With local anesthesia, Lidocaine should be used in excessively vascularized tissues carefully to prevent its penetration into the blood.
A solution of 10% "Lidocaine" (in ampoules)
The drug is administered intramuscularly and used in the form of applications. The permissible volume for the last type of procedures is 2 milliliters. To prevent an attack of arrhythmia, an intramuscular injection of Lidocaine is carried out - 200-400 milligrams.
If the problem is not resolved, then after three hours do a second injection. With an arrhythmic attack, you can enter both a one percent and a two percent solution of intravenous jet - 50-100 milligrams, after which, according to the annotation, "Lidocaine" is administered intramuscularly.
Using the injection solution "Lidocaine" 2 and 10%, it is necessary to control the electrocardiogram, and should also refrain from disinfecting the injection site with solutions with heavy metals. When using the drug in elevated concentrations, barbiturates are used before the procedure.
Spray is used only topically. Spray the medicine from a short distance, usually to a place that requires anesthesia, avoiding its penetration into the organs of vision, the respiratory tract. When irrigation of the mouth due to a decrease in sensitivity, special care must be taken so as not to damage the tongue with teeth.
In dentistry, as well as dermatology, one or two ampoules of a 10% solution are used. In otolaryngology, as well as craniofacial surgery, from one to four doses of 10% Lidocaine. For the implementation of endoscopic examination - two to three ampoules, in gynecology use up to five doses.
When treating large areas of the skin, you can use a swab moistened with Lidocaine from a spray can. Therefore, it is necessary to use the spray when anesthetizing children (the permitted dosage is 3 milligrams per kilogram of weight).
Eye drops
A local anesthetic that acts, as a rule, on painful nerve endings in the tissues of the eyes. The drug does not have general negative reactions.
The medicine is instilled into the conjunctiva. The active substance enters the cornea, reducing pain. Properly selected dosing helps to completely eliminate discomfort. Sensitivity returns over time.
Eye drops begin to work a few minutes after instillation into the conjunctiva. But with the right concentration, the drug acts no more than ten minutes.
Adverse reactions
According to the instructions for use with the injection, "Lidocaine" after administration can cause certain unpleasant conditions and ailments:
- Weakness.
- Migraine (a neurological disease, the most common and characteristic sign of which is considered to be severe and painful headaches).
- Hearing impairment.
- Nystagmus (involuntary oscillatory eye movements of high frequency).
- Fatigue.
- Transverse cardiac block.
- Euphoria (positively colored affect or emotion).
- Photophobia (painful sensitivity of the organs of vision to light, in which its exposure provokes unpleasant sensations in a person).
- Drowsiness.
- Bad dreams.
- Diplopia (an ophthalmic disease that is associated with double vision).
- Heart rhythm disturbance.
- Pressure reduction.
- Paresthesia (a type of sensitivity violation, which is accompanied by sensations of tingling, burning sensation).
- Paralysis of the respiratory muscles (a symptom of acute neurological diseases, which is expressed in a violation of the functions of the respiratory system).
- Sensitivity Violation.
- Convulsions (a pathological condition characterized by uncontrolled contraction of muscle structures).
- Tremor (fast, rhythmic movements of the limbs or trunk, caused by muscle contractions and associated with a temporary delay in corrective afferent signals).
The solution for injection "Lidocaine" in elevated concentrations can lead to the following conditions and diseases:
- Blockade of the heart (impaired impulse patency from the sinus node to the branches of the His bundle).
- Collapse (a life-threatening disease characterized by a drop in blood pressure and worsening microcirculation).
- Shortness of breath (lack of air).
- Apnea (a pathological process caused by one or another etiological factor, which leads to short-term respiratory arrest during sleep).
- Allergic rhinitis (runny nose caused by an allergic reaction).
- Cardiac arrest.
- Conjunctivitis (inflammation of the mucous membrane of the eye (conjunctiva) caused by an allergic reaction or infection).
- Dermatitis (an inflammatory lesion of the skin resulting from exposure to damaging factors of a chemical, physical or biological nature).
- Dyspnea (violation of the frequency and depth of breathing, accompanied by a feeling of lack of air).
- Urticaria (a disease whose main sign is the appearance of blisters on the skin).
- Anaphylactic shock (a pathology that occurs when an allergen reappears, after which severe hemodynamic disturbances occur).
- Nausea
- Vomiting
- Decrease in body temperature.
- Feelings of heat.
- Chills.
- Numbness of the limbs.
- Soreness in place.
What adverse reactions does an anesthetic cause for external use?
Spray can also cause side effects, for example:
- Burning.
- An allergy.
- Pressure reduction.
- Cramping.
- Myocardial infarction (a source of myocardial ischemia, which subsequently arises from an acute violation of coronary microcirculation).
- Depression (a mental disorder characterized by a steady decrease in mood, as well as motor inhibition and impaired thinking).
- Loss of consciousness.
- Respiratory tract paralysis (a pathological phenomenon that involves the loss of ability to move in a specific part of the body).
- Irritability.
How much does lidocaine cost? This will be discussed below.
Storage conditions, price
The drug can be purchased at any pharmacy, even without a doctor’s prescription. "Lidocaine" is recommended to be stored at a temperature of 15 to 25 degrees Celsius.
Shelf life:
- Lidocaine 2% - 36 months.
- Lidocaine 10% - 24 months.
- Eye drops - 24 months.
How much does lidocaine cost? The cost of the drug varies from 20 to 400 rubles, depending on the form of release.
Opinions
As a rule, the Internet has the most reviews about the Lidocaine spray. The responses are positive. Patients narrate that the aerosol anesthetizes immediately after use.
Patients who underwent anesthesia with this agent note a rapid manifestation of the analgesic effect. "Lidocaine" rarely provokes allergic reactions, even in people with increased body sensitivity to external factors.
In diseases, Ceftriaxone with Lidocaine 1% is often used, people also speak out positively about this drug combination.