Antibiotics in gynecology are a powerful and effective "weapon" that allows you to cope with inflammatory and infectious pathologies of the reproductive system. Funds are prescribed by a specialist, used in the treatment of various diseases for a long time period. The average treatment course lasts from a week to ten days.
What diseases are used?
Antibiotics in gynecology are prescribed only if indicated. The main reason is that in relation to fungi and viruses, drugs of this type are not effective.
Antibiotics used in gynecology can be prescribed for:
- inflammation of the ovaries;
- uterine tubes;
- inflammation of the labia;
- uterine body;
- cervical canal;
- vaginal inflammation.
Medicines of this class are effective in relation to the following pathogens:
- gonococci;
- chlamydia
- streptococci;
- staphylococci.
It should be noted that even one of the most ancient sexually transmitted diseases - syphilis, must be treated with antibacterial agents. The causative agent of the infection is the pale treponema bacterium. Syphilis therapy is long, however, with its timely implementation, it ends safely for the patient.
In the inflammatory process of the reproductive organs, an antibiotic in gynecology is prescribed individually. Immediately before the course, an analysis is made on the sensitivity of the strains to the drug (bacterial microflora culture to determine sensitivity), which helps to choose the most effective tool and optimize treatment.
For antibiotic therapy, the following indications exist:
- temperature rise;
- severe pain syndrome;
- the appearance of vaginal discharge;
- symptoms of intoxication.
All gynecological diseases require different treatment methods, both monotherapy and combination therapy can be carried out.
What drugs are prescribed?
There are two main types of antibiotics. In gynecology, drugs can be used whose action is either bacteriostatic or bactericidal.
The latter affect the pathogenic microflora, killing bacteria. Their mass death causes intoxication or intensification of its symptoms, however, as the harmful pathogens are eliminated from the body, the patient's condition improves.
Bacteriostatic drugs act differently on microorganisms; they block the mechanisms of their reproduction and growth. This causes the death of pathogenic microflora. In other words, medicines create an unfavorable environment for the reproduction and growth of pathogenic bacteria, so that they can cope with the symptoms of the disease and accelerate the patientâs recovery.
In this regard, it is important to understand how antibiotics work in gynecology for inflammation. This factor is always taken into account in their appointment.
Advantages and disadvantages of treatment
Antibacterial drugs have their drawbacks and advantages, their use allows you to:
- stop the process of inflammation at the stage of its development, until complications arise;
- conceive a healthy child without problems, endure and give birth;
- avoid problems in the future with the reproductive system.
It is very important to conduct treatment with the use of broad-spectrum antibiotics in gynecology promptly. Due to this, it is possible to avoid the transition of the inflammation process to the chronic stage and various complications.
A protracted disease is usually in a latent state, but with adverse factors it can go into acute form. This happens because bacteria are constantly present in the body, treatment does not help get rid of them, but only reduces the activity of pathogens.
Disadvantages of antibiotics in gynecology for inflammation:
- candidiasis appears;
- digestive problems may occur after antibiotics;
- the activity of the immune system weakens.
When treating an infectious or inflammatory pathology with antibacterial drugs, beneficial bacteria massively die in the body, which occurs due to the effect of the drug on the body as a whole. It kills both harmful and beneficial microorganisms, which can cause certain consequences.
It will take time to restore the natural microflora. To do this, several drugs are prescribed at once that can correct the situation.
Let's see what types of antibiotics in gynecology from the inflammatory process help?
Types of Prescribed Antibiotics
For the treatment of infection, drugs of various forms of release are used. The doctor can prescribe to the woman: tablets, suppositories, solutions for subcutaneous or intramuscular injections, that is, injections.
In the form of tablets, the drugs are taken orally, and this is associated with some risks. Having penetrated the stomach, they have a detrimental effect on beneficial microorganisms and cause the appearance of dysbiosis and other digestive disorders.
Injections are the most effective, they are used mainly in stationary conditions. Various injections enhance the effect of antibacterial drugs. They help reduce their negative effect on the gastrointestinal organs.
The appointment of antibiotics in suppositories in gynecology is perceived as an adjunct treatment. In fact, these drugs are notable for their effectiveness, act locally on problems, and minimize the risks associated with such treatment.
It should be noted that in gynecology for women, vaginal suppositories are used. For the treatment of men, rectal suppositories are used.
Classification of antibiotics and their features
In gynecology, antibiotics for the inflammatory process and infections are very diverse. The drugs used have a wide spectrum of influence, such drugs are universal, they are produced in the form of injections or tablets. There is also a new generation of antibiotics, they are not so toxic and at the same time effective.
There are universal antibiotics in gynecology. A list of such drugs is given below:
- Ampicillin is a medicine familiar to many people, of a semi-synthetic origin, often prescribed by doctors, but has a number of disadvantages.
- "Erythromycin" - a drug that is well tolerated by the body and is one of the macrolides, disrupts the bonds between the molecules and causes the death of pathogens.
- "Tetracycline" is an inexpensive remedy used to treat inflammatory and infectious diseases.
- "Metronidazole" is an antimicrobial and antiprotozoal medication that is available in several forms (injection solution, vaginal gel and tablets).
- "Cephalosporin" - is made in the form of an injection solution, has excellent tolerance, but is prescribed only if indicated. This is a very popular broad-spectrum antibiotic in gynecology.
The list of medicines of the latest generation:
- âCefamandolâ - found in the form of a powder for the manufacture of an injection solution, is used in the treatment of pathologies of the genitourinary system, infectious diseases of gynecological origin.
- "Rulid" - is made in the form of tablets, it perfectly overcomes the barrier of the gastric mucosa. It is applied once every twelve hours, it is effective in combating many pathogenic microorganisms.
- Amoxiclav is an inexpensive and at the same time effective means of a wide spectrum of influence. The composition contains amoxicillin and penicillin.
- "Ceftazidime" - a broad-spectrum drug, is a third-generation antibiotic. Its bactericidal effect is due to the destruction of the cell membrane. It is used in the treatment of severe inflammatory and infectious diseases.
- âUnidox Solutabâ - is one of the tracyclins, due to the action of the composition destroys the cell membranes of pathogenic microorganisms, reduces protein synthesis. Available in tablet form. These names of antibiotics in gynecology are known to many.
Also, inflamed reproductive organs can be treated with other drugs, in the form of suppositories. They are:
- With hexicon - they differ in anti-inflammatory effect. They are used for prevention or as part of a comprehensive treatment. When using this class of suppositories, the likelihood of reinfection is minimized.
- With bactodin - they have a bactericidal effect, create an unfavorable environment in the vagina for the reproduction and growth of pathogenic microflora.
- With metronidazole - used to treat infectious pathologies, the cause of which are Trichomonas.
It must be remembered that a doctor can make antibacterial treatment more effective through suppositories, the effect of which reduces other pathogenic symptoms of the disease. As well as reducing the manifestation of pain and reduces the temperature.
Antibiotics in the suppositories in gynecology
Separate consideration requires antibiotics in the form of suppositories. In many cases, the gynecologist resorts to such an effective and convenient remedy. They are created from one active component on an ad hoc basis.
Their advantage is a convenient and soft form, which persists at a certain temperature regime of storage. When it reaches the destination, the drug transforms into a fat-like form that is perfectly absorbed by the female body.
Candles have the following varieties:
- Vaginal - for insertion into the vagina. The most popular drug among gynecological inflammatory diseases.
- Rectal - they are injected into the rectum.
- Sticks - inserted into the uterine cervix or ureter.
It is very easy to explain the popularity of such antibiotics from the inflammatory process in gynecology. They are aimed directly at the focus of the disease, their harmfulness is minimized. After the introduction of suppositories, the active component enters the bloodstream after half an hour or an hour. They almost do not cause allergies in patients.
The pharmaceutical market offers suppositories for the following gynecological diseases:
- inflammation of the appendages - they contain a hexicon, which is allowed for use for prevention;
- bactericidal - normalize the vaginal microflora;
- infections - suppositories with metronidazole, treat Trichomonas infection;
- "Pimafucin" - solves all the problems associated with yeast.
Some suppositories contain paracetamol and analgin, as they lower body temperature and relieve pain.
What should be done after antibiotic treatment in gynecology? As a rule, in medicine this period is always given special attention.
Healing treatment
In gynecology, microflora is restored after completion of a treatment course with antibiotics. Such procedures are aimed at eliminating unpleasant symptoms, vaginal dysbiosis and gastrointestinal problems.
Restorative treatment is carried out by various means, to restore the vaginal microflora, you can use the following candles: "Ginoflor", "Vagilak", "Ecofemi". As part of these funds there are lactobacilli that contribute to the restoration of flora and eliminate painful symptoms.
You can also use the following drugs:
- "Genecotex" - produces an anti-inflammatory effect, is a contraceptive medication.
- "Acylact" - enhance local immune activity.
- âGenferonâ - are distinguished by a noticeable anti-inflammatory effect, can be part of a combination treatment for diseases of the urological and gynecological type.
List of drugs for the restoration of intestinal microflora:
- Smecta is one of the sorbents that absorbs toxins that remain in the patientâs body after the death of pathogenic microflora.
- "Bifidumbacterin" - it contains beneficial bacteria that help to deal with digestive problems.
- Hilak-forte is a preparation that creates a favorable environment in the stomach and intestines for the reproduction and growth of beneficial microorganisms.
To restore the microflora after treatment, you will also need to follow a diet. It is advisable to adhere to some principles in the diet:
- include fermented milk products in the menu;
- eat fresh vegetables and fruits;
- drink mineral water and fresh juices.
For reference: thanks to proper nutrition, the immune system will improve, the body will recover faster after illness and toxic treatment.
And still have to: drink vitamins, walk in the fresh air, play sports, avoid nervous shocks and stresses.
In gynecology, antibacterial treatment is required for many pathologies. However, one should not forget that with such therapy some consequences may occur. That is why it is advisable not to choose antibiotics yourself, but to entrust this to your doctor.
It would be appropriate to understand what antibiotics are used during gynecology during pregnancy. After all, inflammatory processes in this period comprehend women quite often.
Inflammation of the fallopian tubes and ovaries during pregnancy
Bearing a child is a contraindication to the use of tetracyclines, since such drugs easily overcome the placental barrier and accumulate in the tissues of the embryo or developed fetus. Because of this, problems may arise in the formation of the children's skeleton.
During pregnancy, a number of macrolides are also contraindicated, for example, clinical studies have proven harm to the womanâs body âClarithromycinâ. The patient will receive less harm from the influence of macrolides during treatment with drugs such as Josamycin, Spiramycin, Erythromycin.
If the inflammation of the appendages is severe, and the woman is pregnant at the same time, she may be prescribed âAzithromycinâ.
Any fluoroquinolones when carrying a child are not prescribed at all.
Contraindications to the use of antibiotics
If an overdose of antibiotics has occurred, then side effects are manifested to a greater extent. Treatment in this case requires symptomatic.
In case of an overdose of macrolide drugs, heart rhythm changes, stool disorders, nausea occur, but such symptoms are usually insignificant and the patientâs life is not threatened.
The same applies to fluoroquinolones. Side effects are eliminated at home on their own.
Epilepsy attacks with an overdose of drugs are very rare. However, an excess of antibiotic can adversely affect the condition of the joints, heart and liver.
We list contraindications for antibiotic groups.
Tetracyclines: kidney failure, hypersensitivity to the composition, patient age up to eight years, lactation, leukopenia, child bearing.
Macrolides: breastfeeding and pregnancy.
Intraquinolones: glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency, allergy to drug components, breastfeeding, childhood, pregnancy.
Drug Interactions and Reviews
During therapy with fluorozinolones, it is forbidden to take products containing bismuth, magnesium, aluminum and calcium. Their action weakens the therapeutic effect of antibiotics.
Simultaneous use with NSAIDs increases the likelihood of violations and convulsions.
Tetracyclines should not be prescribed to patients taking barbiturates, due to increased toxicity of the latter. They also inhibit the effects of oral contraceptives.
The combination of macrolides and aminoglycosides is prohibited.
With oral administration of tetracyclines, treatment with magnesium, iron, calcium and antacids is unacceptable.
Gynecologists and patients talk about the high effectiveness of antibiotics in this area. In rare cases, side effects may occur depending on the body.