Currently, scientists have studied a lot of skin diseases. The most common is dermatitis. Symptoms and treatment (photos demonstrating how the affected areas of the body look in one form or another of an ailment are presented below) - the main topic of this article. This disease is divided into several types, which differ not only in the clinical picture, but also in the causes.
Dermatitis is treatable. In order for it to be effective, we must take into account a combination of factors. It is best to consult a doctor with such a problem. They will conduct a full examination, so that the type of dermatitis will be accurately determined. And this is the first step to healing.
So, let's get acquainted with the features of this disease. Consider what symptoms each type has, and also find out how the ailment proceeds.
What is dermatitis?
This pathology belongs to the group of skin diseases. It appears in a certain area of the body in the form of inflammation. Redness of the skin and peeling are the main symptoms of dermatitis (this is clearly visible in the photo).
If a person suffers from such a disease, this may indicate a malfunction of the internal organs. The fact is that it is the skin that acts as an indicator of health, as it quickly responds to all changes. Due to the fact that it is directly related to the immune and endocrine systems, a similar reaction occurs. But often there are dermatitis, which are independent diseases.
Dermatitis in children
Very often (in every second) dermatitis is diagnosed in children. Symptoms by and large practically do not differ from those that appear in adults. The nature of the disease is inflammatory-allergic. At risk are both girls and boys. Most often, in children, dermatitis appears due to improper care. The disease is also caused by pathogenic microbes. Another cause of this pathology may be a low or high ambient temperature. All these reasons are different; accordingly, treatment should be individual.
Symptoms of atopic dermatitis and allergic are:
- Overfilling of blood vessels with blood (can be either persistent or transient).
- In the inflamed area, severe peeling and dryness of the skin are observed.
- Itching of varying intensity.
- Thickening of the skin, swelling.
- Pronounced red color.
- Wounds may appear if you comb the affected area.
- Places with inflammation are symmetrical. For example, on both cheeks, hands.
- Eye diseases (keratoconus, conjunctivitis) can be the result of dermatitis.
Kinds
Symptoms and treatment of dermatitis in adults (in the photo below, it is clearly visible that the skin lesion can be different) will differ depending on the type of disease. In total there are several dozen. It is simply impossible to consider all of these species within the framework of one article, so we will pay attention to the most frequently diagnosed ones. These include:
- earplug;
- fungal;
- infectious;
- atopic;
- oral
- seborrheic;
- allergic;
- contact;
- dry.
Classification
This disease in medicine is classified by degree of prevalence. Doctors distinguish the local (local) variety and the general (diffuse) one. An excellent example in the first case is contact dermatitis (see the photo of the symptoms of the disease below). The affected area is localized in one place, directly where the stimulus is.
The diffuse variety is significantly different from the local one. She is spilled. Inflammation affects large areas of the skin. It is characteristic of allergic dermatitis.
In addition to the degree of spread, this disease is classified by the nature of the course. Two forms stand out:
- Chronic - characterized by a prolonged course and relapses. The inflammatory process most often flares up with renewed vigor at a certain time of the year, for example, in the spring, when flowering begins. Fighting chronic dermatitis is very difficult.
- Acute - usually starts suddenly. The disease passes very violently with severe symptoms. It is not difficult to cure dermatitis of this form. In most cases, it lends itself well to therapy. However, if you start the disease, it will become chronic.
So, above it was examined what this pathology is, as well as what its types are. Now it's time to talk about the causes of dermatitis.
Main reasons
Each doctor, having seen a patient with a skin disease, before making a diagnosis, begins to find out the causes of the inflammatory process. After the examination is prescribed, and according to its results, treatment is also built up. Symptoms of dermatitis also do not go unnoticed. This will be described in detail a little later. But now let's get back to the reasons.
- Dry skin is easily affected in cold weather.
- Sebaceous gland functions do not work properly.
- The development of diabetes mellitus, allergies, biotin deficiency.
- Taking medications that are applied to the skin.
- The occurrence of fungal infections.
- Allergic reaction to cosmetics, synthetic materials, metals, dyes.
- Interaction with chemicals.
- Nervous disorders, stress, anxiety.
- Intense sweating.
- The presence of bacterial and viral infections.
Common symptoms
Symptoms of dermatitis in adults will vary depending on the type of disease. However, there are also signs that doctors call common. Now we will consider five symptoms characteristic of all types of this skin disease.
- Itching Any skin lesion begins to itch. The intensity of the itching will depend on the degree of inflammation. If the nerve fibers in the dermis are very irritated, then it intensifies. Most often, this symptom occurs simultaneously with inflammation. However, there are exceptions. With atopic dermatitis, itching occurs due to a reaction to the pathology itself.
- Rash. All varieties of dermatitis are accompanied by the appearance of characteristic rashes on the skin. The difference is only in appearance. The rash can appear as simple light red spots of a small size, and localized nodes (papules). The latter have a capsule filled with a serous substance. Based on the characteristics of dermatitis, a rash appears most often on moving parts of the body.
- Change in skin pigmentation. Almost any inflammatory process is accompanied by redness. Dermatitis is no exception. However, it should be noted that with a chronic form, such a symptom is quite rare. Severe redness is characteristic of acute dermatitis. It is thanks to this that the disease can be diagnosed at an early stage.
- Peeling and dryness. In most cases, this pathology is accompanied by these symptoms. Their intensity will depend on the type of skin. If it is dry, even small cracks may appear.
- Isolation of exudate. This symptom appears only with dermatitis of an advanced form. When crusts and plaques appear at the site of the lesion, then when they break through, wetting of the skin occurs.
It is important to understand that in the treatment of dermatitis, symptoms in adults (as in children) can disappear very quickly. However, this does not mean that the disease is defeated. There are special medications that quickly and effectively relieve symptoms, but they do not affect the root cause. Only by understanding the reasons, you can fully recover.
Ear dermatitis
Based on the name, it becomes clear that with this pathology, the area of the ears and the skin near them are affected. The ailment is accompanied by the appearance of a rash, and it can spread deep into the auditory canal. The skin blushes noticeably. The disease can appear in both children and adults.
Symptoms of dermatitis:
- The photo below clearly demonstrates the appearance of peeling and discoloration of the auricle and the skin next to it.
- Without treatment, the rash on the affected area is covered with a crust.
- There is severe itching in the auditory canal.
Causes that cause ear dermatitis:
- irritation;
- injury
- fungal infection;
- mechanical damage caused by combing.
Fungal dermatitis: photos, symptoms and treatment
This type of dermatitis occurs only with fungal skin lesions. The following reasons cause it:
- weak immunity;
- increased sweating;
- poor skin resistance to fungus.
Fungal dermatitis occurs, as a rule, already on previously damaged (for example, due to an allergic reaction) skin
Symptoms
- round red spots;
- the skin is peeling or getting wet;
- severe itching;
- over time, cracks and crusts form on the bursting bubbles.
- swelling of the affected area;
- purulent rashes.
The fight against this disease begins with the examination and delivery of tests. According to their results, the doctor prescribes treatment. Antimycotics are used to combat symptoms. Reception of these drugs is carried out both externally and internally. Also, treatment does not go without taking antihistamines. And so that the affected area does not bother at night, it is recommended to use sedatives.
Infectious Dermatitis
A rather dangerous type of dermatitis is infectious. Foci occur not only on the upper layer of the skin, but also internal. May affect large areas of the body. The ailment is accompanied by a rash of bright red color.
Causes:
- infection with staphylococcus or streptococcus;
- skin wounds;
- transfer of diseases such as scarlet fever, smallpox, measles.
Symptoms:
- severe inflammatory process;
- rashes with numerous purulent acne;
- abscesses;
- purulent necrotic formations (carbuncles);
- boils.
Atopic dermatitis: symptoms, treatment and photo
This type of skin disease is the result of improper treatment of allergic dermatitis. It can also occur in those people who have a hereditary predisposition. The complexity of this type lies in the fact that the infection can not manifest itself for a long time. Dermatitis of this type can develop very unexpectedly, for example, after severe stress has been brought. It also provokes a hormonal surge. If a person for a long time conducts hygienic procedures incorrectly, then this can also cause atopic dermatitis.
Symptoms
- red spots on the skin;
- the affected areas are very itchy, itching is sometimes unbearable;
- rapid development - the stage from the initial symptoms to the formation of a crust is very short.
In medicine, this type of dermatitis is called eczema. It has two forms. Acute in a fairly short period of time becomes chronic. The reason for this is the rapid course of the disease. Eczema not only prevents a person from living fully, but also poses a danger to life.
Oral dermatitis
This type of dermatitis manifests itself in the form of red spots. Depending on the stage of inflammation, the color of the skin can vary from light pink to maroon. According to the degree of distribution, it refers to local ones. It affects the skin near the lips. In a neglected form, it grows, capturing the eyelids and nose. At risk are young people under the age of 20 to 30 years.
Causes:
- weakening of the immune system;
- digestive tract problems;
- metabolic disease;
- nervous disorders;
- reaction to hygiene products (lipstick, shaving cream, toothpaste and others).
Symptoms of dermatitis are easy to relieve. As a rule, it is enough to replace all cosmetic preparations that were previously used. The spots of oral dermatitis can be quite small, so sometimes people do not pay attention to them, confused with the usual irritation. But doing so is undesirable. Without treatment, the skin in the affected area becomes very rough.
Seborrheic dermatitis
The foci of this type of disease are concentrated in areas of accumulation of sebaceous glands. Inflammation begins due to the active reproduction of saprophytic flora. It is these microorganisms that change the composition of the sebaceous glands. Although the disease occurs suddenly, it forms long before manifestation. The fact is that with a weakened immune system, the body does not have the strength to deal with pathology on its own.
Symptoms of dermatitis will vary depending on the form. There are two types:
- Fatty - characterized by a profuse rash with purulent inflammation. The skin becomes greasy.
- Dry is the exact opposite of the first. The skin affected by dermatitis is very dry, constantly peeling, covered with scales. They are not cleaned with cosmetic procedures, it is only necessary to undergo a special complex treatment.
Allergic dermatitis
Now let's look at the symptoms of allergic dermatitis. Treatment should be aimed not only at eliminating discomfort and visible manifestations, but also at combating the underlying cause. And it consists precisely in the reaction of the body to an external stimulus. What are the most aggressive allergens? There are a lot of them:
- preparations used in cosmetics;
- pollen during flowering plants;
- medicines
- food products, including vegetables and fruits;
- animal hair.
Pathology does not appear suddenly. It provokes direct contact with the subject, which causes allergies.
Symptoms
- skin color change to red;
- peeling;
- highly noticeable swelling;
- itching
- lacrimation may increase.
Before starting treatment, it is necessary to detect an irritant. If you stop interacting with it, then the inflammation will pass by itself within 2 days. However, there are allergens that cannot be removed from the environment. Then you will need to take anti-allergic drugs.
Contact dermatitis
The allergic form of this disease is quite similar in its symptoms to contact dermatitis. It treats pretty well. It usually proceeds in a mild form. But in this case it is impossible to ignore it in any case, since over time the inflammatory process will intensify, and this will lead to the formation of vesicles. If at the very beginning of the development of the disease, itching is almost imperceptible, then without treatment, the degree of its intensity increases.
This type of dermatitis occurs in contact with an irritant. It is for this reason that it is called contact. In addition to hypersensitivity to habitual allergens, a negative reaction can also manifest itself in ultraviolet (sunlight). This form is called photodermatitis. Symptoms of this disease are typical: redness, peeling, itching.
Dry dermatitis
Symptoms of dermatitis of this type appear only in the cold season. At risk are the elderly. Typically, the reasons are the following factors:
- hereditary predisposition;
- hypothermia;
- dry ambient air;
- psychosomatics;
- restrictions on functionality and movement.
The disease is most often localized on the feet. Extremely rarely affects other areas.
Symptoms
- overdried skin;
- cracks in the heels;
- pigmentation;
- itching
It is quite difficult to cure this type of dermatitis. It worsens seasonally. It features a long course.
Treatment
Having told in detail about the symptoms of dermatitis, we can talk about treatment methods. Considering that each type of this disease proceeds differently, therefore, one scheme for dealing with them does not exist. Medications are selected by the doctor after the examination. It is important to understand that the effectiveness of treatment will depend on an individual approach.
You can identify a specific scheme that doctors use to combat dermatitis. A complex effect on pathogenesis is carried out. To do this, first neutralize the pathogenic factor that affects negatively. In parallel with this, the patient is relieved of symptoms. Also without fail strengthen the immune system.
Treatment continues until the skin is completely regenerated, that is, the affected areas will heal. In most cases, the course lasts about a month.
Alternative methods of treatment
Not only medications, but also folk remedies can treat dermatitis. Symptoms that cause discomfort are relieved with the help of celandine juice. It is used as compresses. To prepare the juice, you need to take young plant sprouts. Grind them. Gather in cheesecloth and squeeze the juice. Dilute the resulting liquid with water. The proportion is observed - one part of celandine and two waters. Apply gauze soaked in this solution to the affected areas until the condition improves.
A series is also used to combat dermatitis. Tincture is prepared as follows. One tablespoon of herbs is brewed with 150 ml of boiling water. It is necessary to insist in a dark place for about three hours. Useful lotions and baths.
If large areas of skin are damaged, it is recommended to take a bath with the addition of a broth of periwinkle. The solution is prepared for 10 minutes over low heat. Dosage: for one liter of water, 300 g of crushed vinca leaves.
To relieve severe itching and the inflammatory process, Japanese Sophora is used. For a decoction, take 100 g of fruit. Pour 300 ml of water. Stew for 5 minutes. Apply gauze soaked with solution to the affected areas.
People whose skin is very dry in the affected areas can use geranium oil as a moisturizer. It is purchased in a pharmacy or prepared independently. To do this, you need flowers of simple room geraniums and olive oil. First it is infused in a dark place for five days, after which it is necessary to transfer to the light and hold the tincture in such conditions for 6 weeks.