In the article, we will consider what it is - hypertension, we will also describe the symptoms and treatment.
Arterial hypertension acts as a pathology, which is often caused by chronic stress and mental stress. The normal pressure should be 120/80, but, unfortunately, its increase is possible, which often leads to serious consequences, and with the absence of therapy, the patient may even die.
What is the pathology dangerous?
Grade 4 hypertension with a risk of 4 has an extremely negative effect on the functioning of the heart, ocular retina, kidneys and brain. Hypertension is not yet an absolute cure. Its classification depends on the parameters of the arterial type of pressure. In the event that a person has hypertension of the fourth degree, then the disease is considered chronic and having a severe course. If a person is prone to this deviation, then he must be informed about fourth-degree hypertension and its risks. It is necessary to inquire about its symptoms and treatment. Then there will be a chance to prevent such a difficult condition, because the patient will be able to control hypertension.
Pressure Degrees
In medicine, this disease is classified depending on its degree:
- The first degree is the easiest. In this case, the pressure on a person fluctuates. Probably its increase, exactly, as well as a return to the original parameters. Hypertension at this stage occurs due to the fact that a person has experienced a prolonged stressful situation and is mentally overworked. The pressure parameters at this stage are 150/100.
- The second degree, as a rule, manifests itself moderately. The pressure is increased very often, and it is already possible to normalize it with difficulty. Pressure indicators in extremely rare cases can return to normal without medication, but the period in which the value is stable is not long. The symptomatology of hypertension at this stage can manifest itself as a headache, which has a pressing character, as well as lethargy. The pressure is 160/110.
- Against the background of the third degree, the patient's condition becomes even more severe. Hypertensive manifestation is characterized by sustained high pressure. Symptoms are expressed by sternal pains and disorders in short-term memory, while the patient is not concentrated and absolutely not concentrated. Against this background, pressure can rise to 180/110 and higher.
- In case of grade 4 arterial hypertension with a risk of 4, the danger is a complicated condition that worsens the outcome by thirty percent. In the case of a systolic pressure parameter of more than 180, cerebrovascular accident may occur along with myocardial infarction.
What to do?
In the presence of grade 4 arterial hypertension with a risk of 4, it is urgently necessary to treat patients with means to lower the pressure. Otherwise, hypertensive encephalopathy may occur along with left heart ventricular failure. Thanks to therapeutic measures, it is possible to improve the well-being of the patient and reduce his pressure to normal values.
Hypertension and risks
The chance of a complicated condition on the part of the activity of the heart at high pressure is called the degree of risk. As mentioned earlier, there are four degrees in total. We learn what risks each of them accompanies.
- The first group is patients who have a risk of pathological changes in the target organs of less than fifteen percent.
- In the second group, such a probability increases from fifteen to twenty percent. Is arterial hypertension 3 dangerous with a risk of 3?
- When hypertension has a third stage, then the risks of impaired heart activity are above twenty percent.
- With grade 4 hypertension with a risk of 4, the likelihood of complicated conditions increases to thirty percent of cases and above.
Next, find out what causes the development of this disease.
Consider the etiology of arterial hypertension.
Fourth degree hypertension and its causes
Isolated arterial hypertension (ICD code 10 - I10-I15 - diseases characterized by high blood pressure) often develops in older people, but young people who have disorders in the vascular system due to various pathological processes also suffer from it. Very often, vessels in the human body become less elastic due to various complicated conditions, in connection with this, the reaction to pressure changes is practically absent.
The older the patient, the more strongly the vascular walls of the cardiac, renal and other arteries change. The volume of blood that is pumped by the heart decreases, and blood circulation, in turn, changes for the worse. Such changes, with other circumstances, may affect pressure. The primary type of hypertension is formed in those cases when other pathological processes that can cause an increase in pressure are absent.
Secondary symptomatic arterial hypertension in the elderly is provoked by a pathological process located in the target organs. The pressure may increase, for example, due to an anemic condition, one or another vascular or heart disease.
Provocative factors
The main root causes arise due to the following factors:
- Patients use too much salt and fatty foods, which predisposes to atherosclerosis due to the deposition of cholesterol, against the background of all this, salt and water metabolism slows down significantly.
- The patient's body is deficient in magnesium and potassium, which can adversely affect cardiac activity. Thanks to potassium, salt is eliminated; against this background, the conductive cardiac system functions normally. Magnesium is required to contract the heart; it does not allow blood clots to form.
- The patient has excess body weight, which requires too much blood for the tissue structure of the body. Excess patient weight is often the result of an unbalanced diet. In addition, obesity can occur due to problems with the endocrine system.
- The patient has minimal motor activity, against which the vascular tone may decrease.
- The presence of addiction to bad habits. In that case, if a person abuses alcohol and smokes, then the vascular lumen can narrow, as a result of which emboli form due to harmful components.
- As a result of the fact that a person for a long time psycho-emotional overstrain. Against this background, the nervous system is overloaded along with the heart muscle and blood vessels.
- In the event that the patient is genetically predisposed to hypertension.
- If in the area in which a person lives, a poor environmental situation.
- In the event that the patient has heart, kidney or liver diseases or there are pathological processes in other organs.
Now we turn to the consideration of the symptoms of this pathology and find out how it usually manifests itself.
Symptoms of hypertension of the fourth degree
Many patients have an isolated type of systolic hypertension, which is why it is asymptomatic. The main symptoms characteristic of many pathological processes are, as a rule, in a sluggish state of a person, in the presence of dizziness, an audible noise effect and a prolonged headache. Other patients may respond differently to increased pressure, for example, they may experience the following signs of hypertension:
- Onset of severe dizziness.
- The appearance of angina pectoris in the heart region.
- The occurrence of an unbalanced gait.
- The appearance of headaches.
- Impaired visual function and memory.
Symptoms
Symptoms may be aggravated if the patient experiences a hypertensive crisis or the pressure changes very sharply. The fourth degree of hypertension is characterized by high systolic pressure, which persists for a long time. True, sometimes there is a sharp decrease in such pressure even without the use of special medications.
Diagnosis of hypertension of the fourth degree
As part of the diagnosis of arterial hypertension (ICD code 10 - I10-I15), the following procedures are carried out:
- A medical examination is performed, in which the doctor examines the noise effects in the heart, as well as the heart tone.
- Electrocardiography is performed, due to which the rhythm of contractions is determined.
- Performing echocardiography to determine how badly the cardiac structure is impaired.
- Dopplerographic examination, which allows you to evaluate the flow of blood in the vessels.
- Performing a blood test for biochemistry in order to determine cholesterol and glucose levels in the blood.
In order to confirm the diagnosis of arterial hypertension, daily pressure monitoring is required. Based on the parameters of the upper pressure and other examination procedures, the doctor makes a diagnosis.
The fourth degree of hypertension and its treatment
Some experts have such a point of view that fourth-degree hypertension in the elderly can not be treated at all, or non-drug therapeutic measures can be applied. But to reduce the likelihood of complicated conditions, treatment with medications is still necessary. Initially, the patient is recommended the following:
- Lose weight.
- Pay attention to a set of physiotherapeutic procedures in order to eliminate mental fatigue.
- Strictly follow the daily regimen, controlling physical activity.
- Compliance with strict diet with limited intake of fried and salted.
- Absolute rejection of destructive habits that cause addiction.
What does the doctor consider?
Just before prescribing drugs, the doctor takes into account the hemodynamic mechanism, which is the root cause of the formation of isolated systolic pressure in people with age. Thanks to drugs that cause a hypotensive effect, patients are reduced by thirty percent. Tissue metabolism under the influence of these drugs, as a rule, is not disturbed. True, such medicines affect patients differently depending on their age. In order to expand the vessels, and at the same time reduce the excessive tone of the arteries, vasoactive drugs are used. The following drugs for arterial hypertension usually bring a good result:
- Reception of diuretics.
- The use of adenoblockers.
- Use for the treatment of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors.
- Treatment with calcium antagonists.
- The use of angiotensin receptor blockers.
The most common drugs for treating hypertension are Larista, Atoris, Kapoten, Lerkamen, Maximidin and others. The ultimate goal of treatment is not to lower the pressure, but to prevent a complicated condition with an improved quality of life for the patient.
Are they enlisted in the army with arterial hypertension?
For exemption from conscription to service, the presence of hypertension of the first degree and above will suffice. Therefore, hypertension of the fourth degree is an absolute guarantee of exemption from the need for service. Thus, for exemption due to the presence of hypertension, the following requirements are made:
- The average pressure at rest is from 140 to 160 millimeters of mercury.
- The average resting diastolic pressure is around 90-100 millimeters of mercury.
A prerequisite is the requirement for a survey exclusively within the hospital. In the event that the above values are present, then the conscript will be examined according to the clause of Article No. 43, which is referred to as the "Disease Schedule". Such recruits are recorded in the reserve and issued a military ID.
Conclusion
Hypertension is a rather serious disease that affects the general state of health and well-being of a person. This disease has an extremely negative effect on the heart, and, in addition, on all blood vessels. Unfortunately, today this pathology is very common among the population. In the event that a person has been diagnosed with this, then he needs to carefully monitor himself regularly and with a sharp deterioration, consult his doctor.
We examined the symptoms and treatment of hypertension. What is it, now we know.