Sinusitis in most cases has a bacterial nature, therefore, antibiotics are primarily prescribed during treatment. Their use is possible only in combination with other methods, which are listed below.
Signs
Symptoms and signs of sinusitis in adults are the occurrence of pain in the nose and near the nasal region, which increase with time. Less pronounced in the morning, increase - in the evening. Then the patient begins to have a headache. If the process is one-sided, then pains are noted on one side.
The hue of the patient’s voice is made gundosy, the nose is blocked, breathing is difficult through it. Probably alternating congestion of the right and left halves of the nose. Also, the patient is regularly tormented by rhinitis. There is a mucous (colorless) or purulent (yellowish, green) discharge from the nose. This symptom may not be if the nose is very stuffy.
Patients have a fever: in some cases, it reaches 38 degrees, and sometimes higher. A similar temperature occurs in people who have acute sinusitis. When the course is chronic, then high temperature is extremely rare. Patients feel a painful state, which is manifested by fatigue, depression, patients refuse to eat, sleep is disturbed.
Protected aminopenicillins
Antibiotics for home treatment of sinusitis symptoms in adults can be divided into four groups. Protected aminopenicillins are synthetically created penicillins combined more often with sulbactam or clavulonic acid. These substances reduce or neutralize the resistance of microorganisms to penicillin, due to which a pure antibiotic does not affect the pathogen. The following drugs show the greatest effect against sinusitis:
- Ampiside;
- Libacyl
- Unazin;
- Sultasin;
- Sulbacin;
- Sulacillin;
- "Sultamycillin" (ampicillin sulbactamates);
- Amoxiclav;
- "Ecoclave";
- Rapiclava
- "Flemoklav";
- Panklav;
- "Augmentin" (clavulonates of amoxicillin).
Protected penicillins act based on the cell membrane of the pathogen. They do not destroy the cells of the human body. But the disadvantages of this group of drugs are that when they are used, allergies, digestive disorders and fungal infections often appear.
The need for frequent medication (3-4 times a day) is also a minus of penicillins.
Macrolides
The difference between macrolides and penicillins is that they do not destroy the pathogen cell. They have a bacteriostatic (do not allow to multiply) effect. This property allows the use of macrolides in the treatment of signs of sinusitis in adults of a chronic form.
When treated with macrolides, they are stored in the tissues for a long time, so they are taken 1-2 times a day, which is also an advantage of this group of drugs.
- Erythromycin;
- Roxithromycin;
- Clarithromycin;
- "Azithromycin" and its analogues;
- "Midecamycin";
- Spiramycin
- Josamycin.
Cephalosporins
The largest group of antibiotics, numbering five generations. Pathogens do not have resistance against this group of antibiotics, but the disadvantages of cephalosporins are the frequent occurrence of allergies on them and a high percentage of side effects, especially from the digestive tract.
In addition, drugs of this group are mostly used parenterally. Cephalosporins are divided as follows:
- 1st generation - "Cefazolin", "Cephalexin";
- 2nd generation - "Cefuroxime", "Cefoxitin";
- 3rd generation - "Cefixime", "Ceftriaxone";
- 4th generation - “Tsefpirom”, “Tsefepim”;
- 5th generation - Ceftobipro.
Fluoroquinolones
Fluoroquinolones are synthetically created substances that do not have analogues in nature, which allows them to have the widest spectrum of antibacterial action. But the artificiality of these drugs is the reason for the frequent development of allergies and severe side effects from all body systems.
For children, pregnant and lactating women, fluoroquinolone preparations are categorically contraindicated. Fluoroquinolones are divided into:
- 1st generation - Ofloxacin, Pefloxacin;
- 2nd generation - "Ciprofloxacin", "Norfloxacin";
- 3rd generation - Levofloxacin, Sparfloxacin;
- 4th generation - "Moxifloxacin", "Gemifloxacin".
The doctor who prescribes the most suitable antibiotic for treatment is the doctor based on the medical history of the disease, and its course. A smear of the nasal mucosa, which can identify a specific pathogen, will help to select the drug as accurately as possible.
Drops
Home treatment for sinusitis in children and adults is carried out using sprays. All drops (sprays) are divided into groups:
- Vasoconstrictors. They relieve swelling, help relieve inflammation, remove pus and mucus from the maxillary sinuses. They work for a short time (3-4 hours). The use of more than 7 days is not recommended, as addiction occurs and the effect decreases. Antibacterial - when using this drug, a lethal effect on the infection occurs, stopping its reproduction. There is a removal of the swelling of the nasal cavity, and the nasal passages are cleaned. A small percentage of the likelihood of an allergy to the drug.
- Hormonal They have anti-allergy ingredients. Often used in seasonal diseases. Help relieve swelling, sneezing.
- Vegetable. Medicines based on natural oils contribute to mild treatment, but are not recommended for allergic diseases.
- Homeopathic. They are used for nasal congestion caused by viruses, infections, allergies of various kinds. Treatment with these drugs requires more time.
- Combined. Due to the mixed action of all the above drugs, an excellent and high-quality effect is achieved in the treatment and prevention of this disease.
- Antiviral and copying immunity. They help to increase the body's immunity and help to cure this terrible disease.
Washing
There are several ways. The first method (the simplest) is flow-through. You can prepare the solution with the help of medicines or various herbs. The action plan is as follows: bend over the sink. Turn your head sideways so that the empty nostril is at the top. In order not to damage the mucous membrane, the syringe must be administered smoothly and shallowly. The liquid should flow at low pressure into the nostril free of mucus, and pour out from another. Then we turn our head in the opposite direction and do the same. After the procedure, you must blow your nose. It is not recommended to go outside for several hours - you can get sick. It is best to go to bed, relax and put a pillow under your head.
The second way is the cuckoo. In the office, the patient is rendered pus and mucus from the nose:
- the doctor inserts a device called an aspirator suction into the first nostril;
- a vacuum is created in the nasal cavity, there is a flow of medicine in the nasal canals at a rapid pace;
- while filling the sinuses with fluid, the person says the word “ku-ku”.
Also, other means are used to rinse the nose: these are Dolphin and Furacilin. "Dolphin" - a drug that contains minerals and plant matter. The following properties are assigned to the medicine: the provision of an antiseptic effect; microbial killing; restoration of the mucous membrane of the nasal cavity; increased body protection. Assigned for 11 weeks. Patients need to wash their nose 1-3 times a day at home.
"Furacilin" is involved in cleaning the sinuses, removes pus, mucus. With this medicine, it is recommended to use drugs with antimicrobial properties.
Inhalation
The principle of operation of the nebulizer is spraying a substance, the composition of which is selected individually for each person. Due to the simplicity of the technical component of the device, even a child can use it. The kit has a special nozzle of two components. With the help of spraying, the medicine quickly enters the affected area. Due to this, treatment takes much less time. The device can be used at home - this gives a huge advantage.
Only a doctor prescribes a dosage. Sinusitis can be treated with saline, without medicinal solutions. Saline solution with the help of the device cleanses the nasal cavities, removes accumulations and deposits. Improvement comes unusually fast.
Nebulizer procedures should be performed no earlier than two hours after exercise. Breathing should be even and slow. It is possible to create your own medicinal composition, which may contain various herbs, honey, essential oil, infusion. Be sure to wash your nose before the procedure. Classes are held several times a day for 3-5 minutes. If you complete the full course of treatment - about 7 days, then this will give a tremendous and quick result.
Folk recipes
There are many methods for treating the first signs of sinusitis in adults at home - here are some of them.
Sea salt - has tremendous benefits in the early stages of the disease. Washing the nose with a solution of warm water with sea salt kills a huge number of bacteria in the nasal cavity. Substances need to be put 1/3 tablespoon, no more. It is necessary to completely dissolve the salt in water, otherwise you can damage the soft mucous membrane with crystals. The required water temperature is 39-41 degrees Celsius.
How to interfere?
- For adults: 1 teaspoon in half a liter of non-hot boiled water.
- For babies: 1 teaspoon per liter of warm liquid.
Thuja oil has a healing effect. Thuja needles elements can remove intestinal disorders, increase the body's defense. Essential oil has regenerative properties in the treatment of nasopharynx and lungs.
Sinusitis is also treated with cyclamen juice. He fights well with various deposits and mucus in the nasopharynx. But there is one minus - the plant juice can cause allergies! Propolis should be instilled into the nose: take 20% tincture of propolis and mix with vegetable oil 50 to 50.
Horseradish root. It is washed, cleaned and rubbed on a grater. 1/3 measuring cup. Then it is mixed with the juice of three lemons. Take every day in the morning - 0.5 teaspoon half an hour before a meal. The recovery period is 4 months. 2 treatments per year are required. After a couple of years, you will not remember what sinusitis is!
Catheter
Pit therapy consists of a non-surgical effect on inflamed paranasal sinuses. A special sinus catheter is used to perform the procedure.
The doctor must be involved in the therapy, you cannot enter the system yourself, as this can aggravate your health condition.
Indications for the use of this method is the presence of such diseases:
- sinusitis and their exacerbations;
- sinusitis;
- chronic inflammatory diseases of the maxillary sinuses.
Contraindications:
- the presence of adenoids;
- the presence of polyps;
- blood diseases;
- preschool age.
Features of the procedure
There are three main stages:
- Preparatory stage. Checking the equipment used, processing it with antiseptic substances. Local anesthesia is used to prevent pain in the patient. Vasoconstrictor drugs are used to narrow the vessels.
- The main stage. A catheter is inserted into the nasal cavity. After installing a special container using a syringe, pressure is created. What contributes to the release of purulent masses through the tubes of the system.
- The final stage. The patient is laid to one side, after which a drug is introduced into the sinus. The design is removed from the nasal passages. After the therapy, after a certain time, a control diagnosis is carried out. This method is the safest and most effective in the treatment of sinusitis and sinusitis of various etiologies.
Balloon sinusoplasty
Balloon sinusoplasty is a minimally invasive surgical procedure for treating inflammation of the paranasal sinuses. This technique consists in maintaining a special balloon into the nasal space. Indications for plastic is the presence of the following diseases:
- Sinusitis of various etiologies.
- Frontites, sinusitis.
Consider the features of the procedure:
- Preparatory stage. Conducting endoscopic examination and examination of the sinuses of the nasal cavity for surgical intervention, determining the site of inflammation. Preparation of an individual system for plastics, its antiseptic treatment.
- The main stage. Local anesthesia is performed, after which a special balloon is inserted into the nasal passages. Under the pressure of the syringe, it swells, expanding with this sinus. This action contributes to the drainage of the inflamed area.
- The final stage. The balloon is deflated, and the system is carefully removed, after which medications are administered, and the sinus itself remains prepared to expand the area of ​​purulent masses and remove contents using an endoscopic apparatus.
The advantage of using this method:
- Reducing damage to the nasal cavity.
- The elimination of bleeding during the manipulation.
- Fast recovery period.
- Prevention of complications.
- Efficiency in carrying out the procedure.
- Permanent endoscopic monitoring.