Alcohol in small doses is even useful, it helps to relieve tension, relax, cheer up. But Paracelsus said: “Everything is poison and everything is medicine” - the matter is in the dose. Increasing the dose leads to a loss of control over your behavior, agitation, liberation of instincts and inadequate assessment of the situation.
As a rule, alcohol poisoning is a natural ending to the use of large volumes in a short time . Its symptoms are:
- rapid confused breathing;
- impaired coordination of movements ;
- nausea, vomiting;
- pallor;
- drowsiness or deep sleep;
- slow heartbeat;
- muscle weakness;
- loss of sensation.
The dose that causes alcohol poisoning depends on the age, gender, physical condition and weight of the person. Often teenagers and people with a slowed metabolism get into this state. If alcohol poisoning is present, what should be done to alleviate the fate of the victim? How to help him before the arrival of an ambulance?
The most important thing: do not let the patient fall asleep! To do this, you can use any means, whether it be cotton wool with ammonia or patting on the cheeks. If the victim is conscious, he needs to rinse his stomach, for this give from 4 to 6 glasses of warm water. To enhance the gag reflex, you can salt the water or add a couple of drops of ammonia. In medical institutions, water is poured into the stomach through a special probe.
At the next stage, it is necessary to give the patient enterosorbents (such as polyphepan, silica gel or polysorb). An effective and affordable drug is activated carbon, it is given in a dose of 1000 mg for every 10 kg of body weight.
After the residual alcohol is removed, it is necessary to weaken the intoxication of the body, which gives any poisoning with alcohol. What to do for this? First of all, you need to give analgesics that will relieve a headache. You can use any other than paracetamol, which in combination with alcohol is very harmful to the liver. To weaken the harmful effects of alcohol on the body, you can give the patient ascorbic acid or B vitamins, they will accelerate metabolic processes. For the same purpose, succinic acid is very effective , which enhances the biochemical processes in the cells.
Recommendations are appropriate if it is alcohol poisoning. mild or moderate severity. High doses of alcohol, failure to provide assistance in a timely manner can lead to an alcoholic coma. First, the muscles relax, all movements are impeded, breathing becomes slower, consciousness slows down, a person feels stunned.
At this point, death may occur from paralysis of the respiratory organs, the motor center or the onset of a coma.
Signs of coma are: sticky and cold skin, low body temperature , reddened face, sore eyes, relaxed sphincters, resulting in excrement and urine. Pupils in this condition are narrowed, if respiratory distress increases, they expand. Then breathing slows down, the pulse becomes more frequent and hard to hear. With a deep coma, collapse develops, which requires intensive and emergency treatment. The patient needs urgent medical attention. It is placed in a horizontal position, the lower limbs are raised, covered with a blanket. It is also necessary to subcutaneously introduce 2 ml of a 10% solution of caffeine-sodium benzoate. Timely medical attention can prevent irreversible effects.
The greatest danger is poisoning with surrogate alcohol or home-made alcohol. They can cause dystrophic changes in the brain and liver, the treatment of which is ineffective.