Zinnat 500 is a common modern drug. This is a second-generation antibiotic used for parenteral use. It has a bactericidal effect. This tool is able to disrupt the synthesis of the bacterial cell wall. It has the widest possible spectrum of action. Differ in that it is resistant to most beta-lactamases. In this article we will talk about the purpose of this drug, instructions for use, release form, reviews of patients who have already taken it.
Active substance
The main active ingredient of the Zinnat 500 preparation is cefuroxime. It exhibits maximum activity when interacting with aerobic gram-positive bacteria. Successfully resists most known streptococci and staphylococci, including strains that are considered resistant to penicillins. The exception is only fairly rare methicillin-resistant strains.
In studies conducted on living organisms, it was proved that the Zinnat 500 antibiotic, when combined with antibiotics from the aminoglycoside group, produces an additive effect. In some cases, this can lead to synergies.
Structure
The release form of the Zinnat 500 preparation is coated tablets. Each contains 250 mg of cefuroxime and excipients.
These include microcrystalline cellulose, sodium lauryl sulfate, croscarmellose sodium, vegetable hydrogenated oil, methyl hydroxypropyl cellulose, colloidal silicon dioxide, methyl parahydroxybenzoate, propylene glycol, propyl parahydroxybenzoate.
One package contains ten tablets, the antibiotic Zinnat is available in 500 mg doses. This is the most common form of release, but in some cases, this drug can also be found in the form of a suspension. It represents in this case granules intended for oral administration. In some cases, they may be mistakenly called regular syrup, but this is fundamentally a false statement.
Pharmacokinetics
After the drug enters, it is rapidly absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract, and then hydrolyzed in the mucous membrane of the human intestine. The same process occurs in the blood, it is then that cefuroxime is released into the systemic circulation.
The absorption of the suspension of the main substance "Zinnat 500" accelerates food, so the drug is recommended to be taken immediately after eating. It is worth noting that during the use of the suspension, the absorption rate of cefuroxime is lower than when taking the tablets. That is why in this form the medicine is used infrequently.
It is important that, once in the body, cefuroxime does not undergo biological transformation. The kidneys secrete it unchanged using tubular secretion and glomerular filtration.
Indications
According to the instructions for use, Zinnat 500 is prescribed by doctors in certain cases. This drug is used to combat inflammatory and infectious diseases that are caused by microorganisms that are sensitive to this drug.
Here is a list of diseases that, according to the instructions for use, Zinnat 500 can cope with:
- Respiratory tract infections. These include chronic and acute bronchitis, bacterial pneumonia, infected bronchiectasis, postoperative infections of the chest, lung abscess.
- Infections of the throat, ear and nose. In particular, tonsillitis, sinusitis, moderate and acute otitis media, pharyngitis.
- Infections of the genitourinary system - cystitis, chronic and acute pyelonephritis, asymptomatic bacteriuria, urethritis.
- Soft tissue and skin infections - pyoderma, furunculosis, impetigo.
- Gonorrhea, including gonococcal and uncomplicated urethritis or cervicitis.
- Lyme disease, if it is developing at an early stage. Also, Zinnat 500 tablets help for subsequent prevention. The drug shows high efficacy in late manifestations in children over the age of twelve years and adults.
Acute pyelonephritis is one of the most common diseases in which Zinnat is prescribed. This is a bacterial inflammatory disease of the kidneys. In most cases, they are ill for children under the age of seven, as well as women aged 18 to 40 years.
The characteristic symptoms that manifest with this ailment are severe fever, general weakness, swelling on the face, chills, clouding of urine, rapid urination, pain in the lumbar region on one or two sides. Some patients complain of vomiting, nausea, dizziness, and headache.
The causes of this disease are:
- previous pyelonephritis;
- hypothermia;
- infections, as well as previously untreated diseases of the urinary tract;
- untimely emptying of the bladder;
- abscesses and sore throats;
- all kinds of concomitant diseases - infectious ailments, diabetes mellitus, hypovitaminosis.
It is necessary to treat pyelonephritis, since otherwise it threatens the development of even more serious diseases and complications. Among them may be urolithiasis, acute or chronic renal failure, pyonephrosis, arterial hypertension of renal origin.
Antibacterial therapy is key in treating this disease. First, broad-spectrum antibiotics are used. When doctors receive urine culture, they choose a more specific antibiotic that can affect a specific pathogen.
If it is complicated pyelonephritis, for example, with a hematogenous route of infection, then treatment is carried out with the elimination of the primary focus of infection, which may be a sore throat, chronic tonsillitis, carious teeth. If pyelonephritis is accompanied by pain, then antispasmodics and pain medications should be taken.
In case of complications, surgical intervention is indicated.
Instructions for use "Zinnata" 500 mg
In most diseases, a single dose of this drug for an adult patient is half a tablet. It should be drunk twice a day: morning and evening.
If the patient’s body is affected by severe infections of the lower respiratory tract, the Zinnat 500 instructions recommend drinking one whole tablet twice a day. If the doctor diagnosed infections of moderate and mild severity, then it is enough to take half a tablet twice a day.
As you can see, the size of the dose of the drug depends on the disease, all recommendations are spelled out in the instructions for use of Zinnat 500 mg For example, with urinary tract infections, doctors prescribe a third of the tablets twice a day, half a tablet should be drunk twice a day only with pyelonephritis among all infections of this type.
Finally, in the treatment of gonorrhea, which proceeds without complications, the patient is prescribed to take once two tablets of this drug.
In Lyme disease, the instructions for use of Zinnat 500 mg contain various dosages, depending on what age the patient is. Children over the age of twelve years and adults should take one tablet twice a day for three weeks. Patients who are not yet twelve years old are recommended to prescribe a suspension. The average dose for most young children is 125 mg twice daily for most types of infections. Only with otitis media in children aged two years and severe infections, the average dose rises to 250 mg twice a day.
Finally, for infectious diseases of moderate and mild severity, a single dose of the drug is calculated individually: 10 mg per kilogram of body. Such recommendations are contained in the instructions for the use of tablets Zinnat 500 mg.
In severe infections and otitis media, the daily dose increases at the rate of 15 mg per kilogram of weight of a particular patient. It should be taken twice a day.
Summing up, it is worth emphasizing that in order to avoid overdoses, you should not exceed a dose of 500 mg of the drug per day. According to the instructions for the use of Zinnat 500 tablets, for most diseases, the duration of the drug does not exceed five to ten days, most often it is only one week. The drug should be taken immediately after a meal. Here are the main recommendations from the instructions of the Zinnat 500 mg tablets.
Side effects
This drug is considered a fairly strong drug. Therefore, when it is taken, certain side effects may appear. Here is a list of the main problems that a patient may have when consuming Zinnat 500 mg tablets:
- diarrhea;
- vomiting, nausea;
- jaundice;
- eosinophilia, hemolytic anemia, thrombocytopenia, neutropenia, leukopenia;
- in rare cases, pseudomembranous colitis occurs;
- itching
- skin rash;
- fever;
- hives;
- Stevens-Johnson syndrome;
- erythema multiforme;
- serum sickness;
- epidermal toxic necrolysis;
- headache;
- anaphylaxis;
- positive Coombs reaction.
Most doctors highly value this drug, since it has a minimal amount of contraindications. The instructions for "Zinnat" 500 mg indicate that it is forbidden to take it only to patients with hypersensitivity to antibiotics, consisting of a group of cephalosporins.
During pregnancy and lactation, Zinnat should be taken with extreme caution. Especially during the feeding of the baby and in the first trimester of pregnancy. If possible, it is better to abstain from taking this medication at this time. Moreover, in the course of experimental studies, no teratogenic or embryotoxic effect of the drug was revealed.
Children are allowed to take this medicine from the age of three months. So says the instructions for the Zinnat 500 tablets.
special instructions
There is a whole list of the situation and conditions of patients, when this remedy should be taken with increased caution. In particular, the instructions for the Zinnat 500 antibiotic advise only in extreme cases to prescribe this drug to patients with high sensitivity to penicillin antibiotics. There are a number of reports of the likelihood of cross-allergic reactions. However, there are not so many of them that one can talk about a systemic problem.
If you take the drug for a long time, there is a chance of increased growth of some resistant organisms. In this case, it is required to immediately stop treatment.
If diarrhea occurs in the patient while taking antibiotics, then you should consult your doctor, as in this situation there is a likelihood of developing pseudomembranous colitis.
When Zinnat is used to treat Lyme disease, in some cases a Yarish-Herxheimer reaction occurs in patients. This condition is characterized by increased body temperature, decreased blood pressure, chills, nausea, tachycardia, headache, muscle pain, as well as the appearance of new symptoms of an existing disease or aggravation of existing ones. The reaction becomes a direct consequence of the bactericidal action of the drug on the main causative agent of the disease, that is, spirochete. In this case, patients should be thoroughly explained that this is a standard and frequently occurring consequence of Lyme disease treatment with antibiotics. It passes spontaneously and without any consequences.
If this medicine in the form of a suspension is prescribed for patients with diabetes mellitus, then the amount of sugar contained in it must be taken into account. Perhaps the suspension should be abandoned in favor of tablets.
The doctor should always remember that in patients who receive cefuroxime axetil, a test for potassium iron-sulphide can give a false negative result. Therefore, to accurately determine the level of glucose in the body, it is recommended to use methods based on glucose oxidase. Cefuroxime does not affect the result of studies designed to determine the level of creatinine in the body if picric acid or alkali is used for this.
Important clarification: already prepared suspension or granules should not be mixed with any hot liquids. This can lead to a complete lack of healing effect in this drug.
Interaction with other drugs
It must be borne in mind that while taking Zinnat with medicines, the main active ingredient of which is probenecid, a pharmacokinetic curve may increase by 50 percent.
If you combine this drug with antacids, the bioavailability of the drug can be significantly reduced. The instructions of "Zinnat 500" indicate the structural analogues of this drug for the active substance. Here are the main ones:
- "Axosef".
- Aksetin.
- "Acenoveris".
- "Antibioksim".
- Zinoksimor.
- Zinacef.
- Xorim.
- Ketoceph.
- Super.
- Proxim.
- "Cefroxim J".
- "Cetil Lupine."
- "Cefuroxime sodium."
- "Cefurabol".
- "Cefuroxime sodium sterile."
- "Cephurus".
- "Cefuroxime axetil."
Patient impressions
Mostly there are positive reviews about the Zinnat 500. Patients who have encountered this drug recognize that it often helps with minimal negative consequences.
For example, he is discharged after surgery, which allows as soon as possible to significantly improve the patient's condition, no matter how severe the consequences of surgical intervention.
Zinnat helps in the treatment of bronchitis, and not only in adults, but also in young patients, allowing you to stand on your feet in just a few days. Doctors choose this medicine when it is necessary to restore the patient’s health due to boils that appear after bathing. Additional problems are caused by the fact that these unpleasant manifestations on the body are accompanied by an increase in body temperature. Even if there were certain doubts in the preparation, they immediately disappear when the patient himself and his relatives observe how his condition improves in just a few days. In a situation with unpleasant boils, an antibiotic allows you to forget about the negative manifestations after five days.
Zinnat is highly effective in treating pyelonephritis, even when it is accompanied by a high temperature of forty degrees, and is also complicated by cystitis and bronchitis. This drug is very convenient, since you need to drink it all two times a day, and not three to four times, as happens with most other antibiotics. Relatives and the patients themselves claim that it surprisingly improves the condition, helping to cope with most diseases, even if they develop in parallel. A positive effect appears after the first dose. The temperature drops at least half a degree. In the case of severe pyelonephritis, the full course of treatment reaches ten days. Moreover, there are practically no side effects - slight nausea and headache, which can not be compared with what the patient was before, since the temperature normalizes as quickly as possible.
Summing up their treatment, many emphasize that this is a very good and effective antibiotic, which is used for fairly serious diseases.
Negative
It should be recognized that this drug is not suitable for everyone. Some patients have to admit that specifically for them it turned out to be completely useless and ineffective.
Most often, children who simply cannot take this antibiotic face problems. Babies are usually prescribed a suspension that they are not able to use due to the fact that they begin to feel very sick at the same time. The drug simply does not enter the body, does not have time to produce any positive effect.
In such situations, the only practical advice is to replace the suspension with tablets. Of course, if such an opportunity really exists. In this situation, the drug is easily perceived by the body, helping it to fight bacteria, quickly get on its feet. However, minors may not always take pills. Sometimes it is difficult for them to calculate the dosage in this case, and they may also be too small. If the suspension invariably continues to vomit, you should contact your doctor so that the drug is immediately replaced by another. You should not hesitate with this, otherwise, the infection can develop too quickly, which will lead to disastrous consequences.
In addition, it is worth noting that Zinnat is a somewhat outdated drug. , . , . "" , . , , , , . , . , , . , . , , , , , .