Minimally invasive surgery is a surgical intervention in the body without incisions. In this case, everything is done through punctures and special equipment. We will talk about the features and advantages of such an operation later in the article.
Description
The main difference between this operation and the usual one is that it occurs through pinpoint punctures of the tissue or through the natural openings of the body.
Minimally invasive surgery is done under local anesthesia. That is, a person is conscious. In time, the procedure usually lasts about an hour. After which the patient does not need to stay in the hospital.
Minimally invasive surgery is of two types. Namely, laparoscopy and endoscopy. Now we will talk about each of them.
Description of Laparoscopy
Laparoscopy allows, through surgery, to treat the following diseases:
- infertility in women;
- endometriosis;
- ovarian cyst;
- uterine fibroids;
- ectopic pregnancy;
- cancer.
During an operation of this type, small incisions are made on the anterior abdominal wall. Their size is from half to one and a half centimeters. The incision or puncture is carried out by means of a trocar - a special thin tube.
For the operation, 3 or four punctures are made. Further, through these openings, carbon dioxide is introduced into the body. It is necessary to create the necessary space for the operation. In addition, a camera is introduced through the cuts, which will display the internal space on the monitor, and tools.
Description of endoscopy
What is endoscopic minimally invasive surgery? This is a study of human internal organs. This procedure is carried out by means of endoscopes - special optical instruments.
Unlike laparoscopy, this operation does not involve making special incisions, since endoscopes are inserted through the body’s natural openings. For example, in order to examine the stomach, the device is administered through the mouth and esophagus. If necessary, to examine the patient's lungs and bronchi, the endoscope is delivered to these organs through the larynx. And in order to diagnose the function of the bladder, the device is injected through the urethra.
Before endoscopy, the patient is given sleeping pills. This is necessary so that during the operation the patient is in a relaxed state. The well-being of the operated person is under the control of the anesthesiologist. And after waking up, the patient, as a rule, does not feel any pain symptoms.
Indications for the operation
Consider in what cases this intervention is observed:
- Minimally invasive operations are performed to remove the gallbladder, appendicitis, various tumors in the stomach and intestines.
- Through such surgery, it is possible to remove stones in the urinary tract, prostate adenoma, and tumors in the bladder. Also, this method restores the patency of the ureters.
- Using the above method, gynecological operations are performed.
- Plastic surgery.
- Removal of lymph nodes and tumors.
- Vascular treatment, namely the removal of sclerotic pathology.
Benefits
In modern medicine, there are clear advantages of minimally invasive operations:
- This surgery does not require hospitalization of the patient.
- A person is not prescribed antibiotics before the procedure.
- Slight pain after surgery.
- Quick rehabilitation period and return to work.
- Less likely to cause any complications after the intervention.
- The length of stay in the hospital is from 1 to 3 days.
- The absence of postoperative sutures that require dressing and special therapy.
Minimally invasive surgery: cons and consequences
But this method has its drawbacks. So, for the surgeon there is a certain difficulty in conducting the operation, namely the limitation of space. In addition, the entire operation is carried out with special tools, there is no tactile contact, which causes certain difficulties. For example, when suturing a patient. To perform such serious procedures, the surgeon must have a certain skill.
Heart surgery
Minimally invasive heart surgery is considered one of the latest advances in modern medicine. They allow you to successfully carry out interventions for the treatment of heart disease.
Such procedures are considered the most gentle method. By means of modern medical technologies, it became possible to combine several stages of the operation into one. For example, with this method of intervention, it is not necessary to connect a person to a heart-lung machine. There is statistics, thanks to which it is known that after such surgical interventions, the risk of any complications is significantly reduced.
Minimally invasive surgeries are performed for adult patients and children (even the smallest patients). With them, the number of deaths is much smaller.
Surgery to treat congenital heart defects with a minimally invasive method allows them to be carried out by very young children. At the same time, the rehabilitation period is significantly reduced, so that patients have the opportunity to quickly return to normal life.
Minimally invasive hemorrhoid surgery
Another area of use of this method in medicine is the operation to remove hemorrhoids. Briefly recall what kind of disease.
Hemorrhoids - a disease of the rectum that occurs due to the expansion of veins in its walls. The latter leads to the formation of blood clots, which are called hemorrhoidal nodes.
The process of progression of this disease is divided into 4 stages. It is believed that the first stage can be cured without surgery. But the disease in the last stages can only be treated surgically.
The essence of the stages of hemorrhoids is that the further the disease develops, the formed nodes bulge more and more and, as a result, fall out of the anus, causing many problems and inconveniences to the patient. The operation is prescribed at the last stage, when other methods of treatment have not yielded results. The fact that thrombosis develops in the nodes is also taken into account.
In addition to traditional surgery, hemorrhoids are removed using a minimally invasive method. Its essence lies in the fact that it is carried out without a scalpel. The patient is given several punctures in the internal tissues, through which surgery is performed.
There are several types of minimally invasive hemorrhoid surgery:
- Sclerosis.
- Ligation (with this method latex rings are used).
- Laser coagulation.
- Photocoagulation. This operation is performed using infrared radiation.
- The use of a radio beam scalpel.
- Cryodestruction.
The main advantage of such methods is a short recovery period.
Conclusion
Recently, many specialists give preference to minimally invasive endoscopic surgeries. By the way, some patients can be tested for diagnosis only in this way.
From the foregoing, we can conclude that this type of intervention is a modern achievement of medicine. It allows you to choose the most gentle method of surgical intervention for patients, which is especially valuable in the presence of additional pathologies in the body.
Thanks to a method such as minimally invasive surgery, the risk of complications is minimized, the patient’s rehabilitation period takes less time, and the return to the normal rhythm of life occurs much faster than after a conventional surgery.