Very often in people there is such a disease of the endocrine system as diabetes mellitus. "Is it possible to cure this ailment and why does it arise?" - This question worries many. In order to understand this, it is necessary to find out how the disease manifests itself and what factors contribute to its occurrence.
Symptoms
Diabetes mellitus has its own characteristic features. They are expressed very clearly even in the early stages of the development of the disease. The main ones include:
- frequent urination;
- feeling of constant thirst;
- rapid weight loss;
- increased irritability and severe fatigue;
- hunger;
- skin problems
- slow regeneration of various cuts and wounds;
- increased susceptibility to infectious diseases;
- visual disturbances;
- discomfort in the limbs;
- blood sugar levels exceeding the norm.
Often a person who has discovered such symptoms in himself immediately suggests that he has insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. “Can he be cured?” - This issue becomes a constant topic of conversation with friends and acquaintances. He brings himself to frenzy and nervous exhaustion, imagining pictures, one worse than the other. Although an elementary acquaintance with information about the disease allows you to find out that the ailment is of various types and forms, and far from the most severe.
Types of diabetes
According to the generally accepted classification used in all research institutes of endocrinology, a disease characterized by a significant increase in glucose concentration in the blood can be primary and secondary. The main forms of primary ailment are considered to be diabetes of the 1st and 2nd degree. Both varieties are independent diseases.
Secondary diabetes mellitus proceeds against the background of various pathological processes in the body and is their consequence.
Causes
Type 1 diabetes mellitus occurs as a result of the inability of the pancreas to produce insulin of the required quality or in sufficient quantity. Experts still do not have an unambiguous opinion about the root causes of this phenomenon.
Type 2 diabetes mellitus affects people genetically located to it. There can be two birth defects:
- tissue insensitive to insulin;
- glucose is not perceived by beta cells.
Genetic predisposition is inherited. However, it is not a guarantee of the mandatory development of diabetes. The disease begins to appear in the presence of a number of risk factors. Among them:
- elderly age;
- little physical activity;
- malnutrition;
- obesity;
- birth weight.
If risk factors are eliminated, people with a genetic predisposition to type 2 diabetes can successfully avoid its occurrence.
Secondary diabetes mellitus can occur in the following cases:
- during pregnancy;
- with diseases of the endocrine system;
- with acromegaly and Cushing's syndrome.
Diabetes treatment
Very often people are very afraid of the diagnosis: diabetes. “Can this disease be cured?” - here is their first question to a specialist. Secondary diabetes is successfully treated. It goes away if you get rid of the factor or disease that caused it.
Primary type 1 and type 2 diabetes are incurable. By combating it is meant the implementation of various measures that maintain the blood sugar level of the patient in a state close to normal. The goals of treatment are:
- getting rid of all the symptoms that accompany the disease;
- maintaining a normal metabolic balance for a long time;
- prevention of complications;
- improving the quality of life of a sick person.
In no case can you deal with the treatment of diabetes yourself. A good choice would be to contact the Institute of Endocrinology in Moscow. It is not the first year that specialists effectively help people suffering from such a disease. For this purpose, various pills for diabetes are used, as well as methods and techniques, an idea of which can be obtained further.
Insulin therapy
Type 1 diabetes can only be treated with insulin injections, the introduction of which mimics the result of its natural production in the human body. The patient constantly, several times a day, takes doses of the drug according to the schedule prescribed by the doctor.
In type 2 diabetes, insulin injections can only be prescribed by a doctor in a strictly individual order. They are advisable in very rare cases:
- if the tablets for diabetes do not have the desired effect;
- during pregnancy;
- with decompensation of carbohydrate metabolism arising from operations, as well as various diseases;
- with ketoacidosis;
- in the presence of various contraindications or intolerance to drugs that reduce sugar.
Medicines
If advanced stages of type 2 diabetes are observed, then the main method of treating the disease is drug therapy. It consists in the regular administration of medications orally.
The doctor develops a treatment regimen for each patient individually. Most often, sugar-lowering monotherapy is first used: treatment is performed with metformin or sulfonylureas.
With the low efficiency of this technique, combinations of various medications are prescribed.
Weight control
Drugs for diabetes are used in severe cases. This is not the only option to combat the disease.
If type 2 diabetes is diagnosed in the early stages, then diet and physical activity, which helps to control weight, can successfully cope with it. If body weight is excessive, it must be reduced gradually so as not to damage the cardiovascular system.
Sometimes, on the contrary, there is a sharp weight loss. In this case, the weight must be gained and maintained at a normal level.
Food
With diabetes, the right diet is very important. It should be well thought out, as food has a very strong effect on blood sugar. The following foods are prohibited for diabetics:
- rice, semolina, pearl barley;
- sweet (except for special confectionery products containing permitted sweeteners);
- pastries and white bread;
- mashed potatoes;
- all fatty and smoked;
- grapes, bananas, melons, pears;
- fruit juices and sugary drinks;
- curd products;
- butter and spreads;
- semi-finished products;
- sauces, spices and seasonings;
- salt.
Be sure to include in the daily menu:
- oatmeal and buckwheat;
- fresh vegetables;
- skim dairy products;
- seafood;
- juice from tomatoes;
- cool eggs;
- lean meats.
It is very useful to arrange a kefir or buckwheat fasting day once a month .
Physical exercise
There are no strict contraindications for sports and exercise for diabetes. Exercise increases the level of insulin in the blood and reduces sugar. However, in order not to overdo it and not harm the body, you still need to follow a number of simple rules.
- Before starting classes, blood sugar should not exceed 15 mmol / L and fall below 5.
- Adhere to the prescribed treatment regimen and proper diet.
- Correct the possible occurrence of hypoglycemia by eating some bread or other easily digestible carbohydrates before starting classes. Excellent to know all its symptoms.
- Exclude exercise if you feel unwell.
Folk remedies
In addition to traditional methods of combating diabetes, alternative methods can also be used. However, folk remedies should not be a substitute, but a complement to the main treatment regimen.
Wheat stew, barley broth, chicory infusion are of great benefit. Using onions, acorns and various herbs for diabetes is also very effective and popular.
Mummy and sauerkraut juice are widely used.
Diabetes prevention
Research institutes of endocrinology are considered the best means to prevent the occurrence of type 1 diabetes, the mandatory breastfeeding of infants and the prevention of various infectious diseases.
In case of type 2 diabetes, it is recommended to adhere to:
- strict diet and fractional nutrition;
- active lifestyle with adequate physical activity;
- avoid stressful situations.
If you follow preventive measures and exclude risk factors, you can live a happy life and never run into questions: “What is diabetes? Can he be cured? ” However, even when ill, one does not have to fall into despair. The Institute of Endocrinology in Moscow enjoys a very good reputation among diabetics. Timely appeal to specialists and the appointment of effective treatment by them will help maintain good health and enjoy life.