Bacterial vasinosis is the most common disease of the reproductive system in women. In medical circles, it is also called "gardnerellosis." However, no matter how this pathology is called, its essence does not change. The main reason for the development of the disease is vaginal dysbiosis.
Bacterial vasinosis: causes
The vaginal microflora is unstable. Its composition includes a huge number of both saprophytic and pathogenic microorganisms. Only in a physiologically healthy state, the main part of the vaginal microflora is represented by lactobacilli. It is known that these microorganisms play a protective role. Lactobacilli are able to process the glycogen contained in the vaginal epithelial cells into lactic acid. The latter suppresses the reproduction of opportunistic microbes. A decrease in the number of lactobacilli in the vagina promotes their reproduction. This can be, for example, Gardnerella vaginalis, which provoke the development of gardnerellosis.
Etiology of the development of the disease
The development of vaginal dysbiosis provokes several factors:
- the use of contraceptive creams, which include 9-nonoxynol;
- antibiotic therapy;
- use of an intrauterine device;
- douching;
- change of sexual partner;
- a decrease in the body's immune resistance;
- the use of condoms that are treated with 9-nonoxynol;
- abortion;
- prolonged use of tampons.
Bacterial vasinosis: signs
Each woman can detect gardnerellosis in the presence of one or more symptoms characteristic of this pathology. Bacterial vaginosis is characterized by a very unpleasant odor of vaginal discharge. In most people, it is associated with rotten fish. After intercourse, performed without a condom, the smell, as a rule, intensifies. In addition, patients complain of itching in the groin and redness of the vaginal mucosa. It is worth noting that bacterial vasinosis often proceeds without visible clinical symptoms.
Diagnosis of the disease
Specialists can make a preliminary diagnosis during a gynecological examination. To confirm it, microscopy is carried out of the vaginal discharge from the posterior fornix. So, the diagnosis of bacterial vasinosis can be made in the presence of the following symptoms:
- characteristic odor of vaginal discharge;
- pH greater than 4.5 (physiological norm 3.8–4.5);
- positive aminotest;
- identification of “key cells” (they relate to mature epithelial cells, on the surface of which microorganisms are adsorbed).
Treatment
Many experts argue that the best therapeutic effect is achieved using local therapeutic measures. A good result is obtained when prescribing drugs from the group of nitroimidazoles (medicines “Theonitrozole”, “Metrogil”, “Tinidazole”, “Metronidazole”, “Ornidazole”, “Trichopol”, “Secnidazole”, etc.). The listed drugs are prescribed intravaginally in the form of tampons, tablets or suppositories. Recently, in the treatment of vaginitis , the combined preparations Ginalgin, Terzhinan, Polygynax have been used quite often.