The polyp of the stomach (code according to ICD-10: D13.1) is a seal of a certain size, which refers to benign neoplasms. It grows from the tissues of the mucosa and can reach significant sizes, especially if timely treatment is not carried out.
Disease feature
The quality of human life largely depends on the state of internal organs. The stomach plays a very important role in the digestive system and does not always provoke the occurrence of unpleasant sensations, even in the presence of serious diseases. However, the insidiousness of such a situation lies in the fact that in the absence of severe symptoms, pathologies can develop rapidly and lead to complications. Such processes also include neoplasms in the mucous membrane of the digestive system.
According to the ICD-10 code, the polyp of the stomach is designated D 13.1 and represents an uncontrolled proliferation of cells on the mucosa. Such a neoplasm can be round, oval or mushroom-shaped. It is benign in nature and consists of epithelial tissue, but with improper treatment, malnutrition, alcohol abuse, as well as the presence of other provoking factors, it can degenerate into a malignant form.
Classification
The classification of polyps largely depends on which particular tissues were involved in their formation. They are divided by the threat of degeneration, as well as the location. So, according to the area of location, the following neoplasms are distinguished:
- hyperplastic;
- inflammatory;
- hypertrophic;
- hyperplasiogenic.
Polyps can be adenomatous or glandular.
The hyperplastic type is a tumor on a broad base, which occurs as a result of the course of inflammatory and infectious processes in the body. This is the most common type, which almost never degenerates into a malignant tumor.
The adenomatous type differs in that it often becomes malignant, therefore, it is important to conduct the operation in a timely manner. Hormonal imbalance, poor nutrition, and the use of certain medications can provoke the occurrence of a neoplasm.
The glandular polyp is very rare, for a long time does not manifest itself and the functioning of the digestive system does not change at all. But despite the absence of symptoms, the neoplasm can very quickly develop into a malignant tumor.
Causes of occurrence
The causes of polyps in the stomach are not fully understood, and therefore they are especially dangerous. Doctors distinguish a number of factors affecting the occurrence of neoplasms:
- inflammatory processes;
- the presence of the bacterium Helicobacter pylori;
- hereditary predisposition.
In addition, some medications, constant stressful situations and unhealthy diet can provoke the occurrence of the pathological process.
The main symptoms
Symptoms and treatment of polyps in the stomach can be very different - it all depends on the characteristics of the course of the disease. At its initial stages, the symptoms are poorly expressed, which greatly complicates the diagnosis. And in some cases, such signs may appear:
- aching pain in the pancreas;
- poor digestibility of food;
- acute pain in the stomach;
- bad breath;
- the appearance of blood in the feces;
- alternating diarrhea and constipation.
Due to the fact that the symptoms and treatment of polyps in the stomach largely depend on the stage of the disease, it is very dangerous to wait for the first manifestations to occur, since the consequences can be quite disappointing.
Diagnostics
Types of diagnosis of polyps include interviewing a patient about the presence of hereditary diseases and complaints, endoscopic examination of internal organs, laboratory research. Based on the results obtained, the cause of the disease is established.
One of the most harmless and safe research methods is endoscopy, and if necessary, ultrasonography is additionally prescribed. This research method helps determine the depth of germination of the polyp in the gastric mucosa. Its advantage is the ability to visually distinguish between benign and malignant neoplasms.
When removal is required
Sometimes, when neoplasms occur, a very vivid clinical picture is observed. So, when it is pinched, sharp pain can occur in the epigastric region, which extends to other departments. In this case, an urgent examination and well-chosen treatment are required.
According to the results of the study, the question of the removal of the polyp in the stomach is resolved. There are certain indications for surgical intervention:
- if in the absence of clinical manifestations, the polyp is hyperplastic ;
- in the absence of clinical manifestations, adenomatous neoplasm;
- there is a pronounced symptomatology;
- rapid growth of the neoplasm is observed, as well as a change in its shape.
The need to remove polyps in the stomach is decided strictly individually in relation to each patient. In this case, it is necessary to take into account the features of neoplasms and the general well-being of the patient.
Removal Methods
The danger of a neoplasm consists, as already mentioned, in the fact that over time it can develop into a malignant tumor. That is why timely diagnosis, competent therapy or removal of the polyp in the stomach is required.
Initially, a medication method of treatment is used. It implies the use of drugs that envelop the walls of the stomach, as well as dietary supplements that help stimulate digestion. In addition, the use of drugs that will help eliminate the inflammatory process is required.
If prolonged medical treatment did not bring any results, then the polyp is removed in the stomach. It is carried out using two main technologies:
- endoscopic;
- full surgical intervention.
The first is used if it is necessary to remove a single tumor and when the damage to the mucosa is minor. In severe cases, open surgery is prescribed, as well as excision of several parts of the stomach.
Endoscopic removal
The operation to remove polyps in the stomach is carried out using endoscopic techniques, which include:
- endoscopic excision;
- electrical coagulation;
- polypectomy.
Endoscopic excision involves the use of a loop to capture the tumor at the very base, and then pass an electric current through it. Then cut and cauterization is performed. If the neoplasm is large enough, then a similar technique is not applied or the polyp is removed in several parts.
Electrical coagulation involves the application of current. Special forceps are brought to the neoplasm and a current is connected. Tissue heating and gradual evaporation occur. This method is suitable for removing small neoplasms with a diameter of less than 1 cm.
Polypectomy refers to the mechanical removal of the neoplasm. For this, a loop and other tools are used. The danger of the technique lies in the fact that there is a risk of hemorrhage, since tissue cauterization is not carried out.
The great advantage of these techniques is simplicity, minimal preparation for removal of the polyp of the stomach, lack of anesthesia, and also a minimal risk of complications. After carrying out the manipulations, the patient spends in the hospital no more than 2 hours.
Laser removal
Laser removal of polyps in the stomach is considered the safest and most gentle method. It is used to excise all varieties of benign neoplasms. The laser tip is placed in the endoscope, and then the polyp is vaporized in layers.
During processing, strict control is carried out, which regulates the depth of laser therapy, due to which very good results are achieved. After this, the vessels are sealed, which prevents hemorrhage. Final recovery occurs after about 10 days.
The disadvantages include only the high cost of removing the polyp in the stomach with a laser. The cost of the procedure is approximately 7000 rubles. In addition, special equipment and doctor skills are required.
Surgical intervention
If there are significant tumors in size or if complications occur, an open surgical intervention is performed. Such an operation can provoke many complications and is prescribed only in the most extreme cases.
Many are worried about how long the removal of the polyp of the stomach lasts and what consequences may occur during surgery. In time, the operation can last about 1-1.5 hours.
With significant damage to the stomach, a resection of a certain part of this organ is carried out together with a polypous formation. This method is prescribed for the strong growth of polyps, their pinching, or when the neoplasm passes into the stage of a malignant tumor. In this case, resection becomes the only way to save the patient's life.
The choice of method for removing polyps depends not only on their size, but also on the quantity and type of legs on which they are attached. At the same time, the feature of changes in the gastric mucosa and the presence of concomitant pathologies is of no small importance.
When is a biopsy needed?
During endoscopy, a tissue sample is taken for analysis. This is required for a biopsy, which refers to a very important histological examination.
Based on the results obtained, it can be concluded from which particular layer of the gastric mucosa tissue overgrowth occurred. If epithelial cells were detected, then the polyp is a hyperplastic type, it is a benign neoplasm, and you can not carry out the removal, but use drug therapy.
If glandular tissue cells are detected, then in any case, removal is required, since degeneration into a cancerous tumor is possible.
Following a diet after treatment
An important role in the rapid restoration of the gastric mucosa is nutrition. This will help facilitate the digestive system. Diet after removal of the polyp in the stomach implies the use of only warm and preferably grated food by the patient. Too hot or cold dishes can lead to even more irritation of the inflamed mucosa and aggravate the situation.
Be sure to follow the rules of fractional nutrition. Eating should be uniform throughout the day so that there is no feeling of hunger. The interval between meals should be approximately 3-4 hours. In addition, you need to reduce the portion size, as this will not overload the digestive tract.
After excising polyps, you need to consume protein dishes, since they contain many amino acids required for building tissues and cells, as well as restoring the immune system. It is necessary to abandon coffee, alcohol, as well as products that irritate the mucous membrane. In addition, you should not consume dishes that provoke the active functioning of the digestive system.
Treatment complications
With complete excision of the neoplasms, the prognosis is quite favorable, but there is a high probability of the re-emergence of tumors. There can be quite unpleasant consequences of removing the polyp in the stomach.
So, if anesthesia was used during excision, problems related to respiratory disorders may appear. Very rarely bleeding occurs, which occurs mainly during endoscopic removal of polyps. It is also possible an increase in temperature and the presence of pain. With a significant deterioration in well-being, you should immediately consult a doctor.