Biliary dyskinesia: types, symptoms and treatment, reviews

Often people are forced to seek help with complaints of pain in the abdomen. After the examination, one of the possible diagnoses may be biliary dyskinesia (biliary dyskinesia). What this disease is, how it manifests itself and how it is treated is described in the article. A list of necessary drugs and reviews on their use are also presented.

Description of the disease

Biliary dyskinesia in children and the adult generation is a disease caused by malfunctioning of the ducts and gall bladder, due to which bile enters the duodenum in an inferior quantity. In the presence of dyskinesia, structural changes in the body are not visible.

In patients with this pathology, insufficient or extremely rapid contraction of the muscles of the gallbladder is noted. Violation of the process leads to the entry into the duodenum of the minimum volume of bile (produced by the liver, it is located in the gall bladder and, in a healthy state, splashes into the intestine, where it helps to break down fats entering the body with food). In case of violation of the bile ducts, bile comes back and causes discomfort.

When food enters the small intestine, its walls begin to produce cholecystokinin - a hormone associated with receptors located in the muscles of the gallbladder. The result of the proper joint activity of the stomach and intestines is a reaction, after which bile does not remain and is excreted into the small intestine. With improper functioning of the gallbladder, this process is disturbed and symptoms of biliary dyskinesia appear.

According to statistics, signs of the disease are observed more often in women than in men, aged 20 to 40 years. Often, people who have congenital malformations of the biliary system become a risk factor.

Types of disease

In order for food to be successfully digested and assimilated in the body, all organs and systems must work correctly. With the described disease, the patient may experience one of these conditions:

• sphincters, which are located in the bile ducts, do not relax in a timely manner, due to which there is an increase in the concentration of fluid in the body;
• sphincters may not relax at all or not hold bile, which leads to disruption of the intestine and its upset;
• the gallbladder can contract with more force than necessary;
• the gallbladder does not contract enough, which slows down the rate of fluid outflow.

Classification of the type of biliary dyskinesia depends on the principle on which the contraction of the gallbladder and the work of the sphincters take place. There are such varieties of these processes:

• Hypermotor dyskinesia - an organ contraction is sharp and fast. This type of disease is observed mainly in middle-aged people.
• Hypotonic biliary dyskinesia - contractions are sluggish and slow. With this type of disease, the functional activity of the gallbladder is significantly reduced. Statistics show that this type is inherent in patients over 45 years old with typical disorders of the nervous system.

Pathology of the biliary tract can both be at the initial stage, and may be chronic. Depending on this, the disease is divided into the following types:

• primary stage - dyskinesia appears against the background of congenital anomalies and disorders in the structure of the biliary tract;
• secondary stage - the disease appears throughout life after pathologies and disorders of the digestive tract.

Symptoms of pathology

In most cases, the symptoms of biliary dyskinesia in adults are quite pronounced, so that specialists do not have problems with diagnosis.

The main signs of DZHVP:

1. Pain in the area of ​​the ribs on the right side and bile ducts.

• An overactive contraction of the gallbladder is accompanied by sharp bouts of pain with tingling in the shoulder blade or right forearm. This process occurs due to heavy physical exertion and heavy consumption of fatty foods.
• Contraction of the gallbladder with reduced speed is characterized by dull and aching pain. However, most patients complain that the ribs on the right side seem to “burst” from the inside.
• Biliary colic - unexpected and intense pain, often accompanied by heart palpitations with an increase in blood pressure. The nature of the pain is very strong, so that patients feel a sense of fear that such attacks can be fatal.

2. Cholestatic syndrome - painful sensations appear in the area of ​​the liver and pathways that remove bile.

• Jaundice, in which the skin and mucous membranes acquire various yellow shades.
• The liver increases in size: with the advanced stages of the disease, the patient has the opportunity to independently feel the organ.
• Change in stool color: feces acquire a pronounced light yellow color.
• Change in the color of urine: the liquid turns a characteristic brown tint.
• Itching on the skin without a specific location.

3. Disorders of the digestive tract and digestive system.

• Bloating, which is systematic.
• Total or partial lack of appetite.
• Vomiting and bouts of nausea.
• Bad breath is felt from the mouth.
• Taste of bitterness on the tongue.
• Defective salivation, resulting in dry mouth.

4. Disorders of the psyche and neurosis (initial stage).

• Insomnia and frequent irritation for no apparent reason.
• Increased sweating.
• Constant feeling of tiredness.
• Pain in the head with a periodic character.

All these signs do not appear simultaneously, because they are inherent in different types of gallbladder dyskinesia. But with the manifestation of any symptoms of biliary dyskinesia in adults, it is important to entrust the treatment only to a qualified specialist.

Causes of the disease

From the perspective of modern medicine, DZHVP refers to the disruption of the functioning of the biliary tract and liver. The main components leading to an imbalance and disturbance of healthy processes are excessive consumption of spicy, salty, fried or fatty foods, alcohol abuse and mental disorders of the body.

If we talk about the fact that this disease has a primary stage, then the cause of biliary dyskinesia in children and adults are:

• narrowing of the size and volume of the gallbladder;
• an increase in ducts that distill bile;
• increased pressure on the septum and constriction located near the gallbladder.

These causes can be identified in the early stages of the disease, as they are congenital. To avoid manifestations of pathology at an older age will allow regular examination in childhood and adolescence.

Symptoms of biliary dyskinesia in the secondary stage appear against the background of factors such as gastritis, peptic ulcer, pancreatitis, cholecystitis, duodenitis, hepatitis and hypothyroidism.

The most important factor, which is often the cause of dyskinesia, is a predisposition to mental disorders. The psychoses that the patient suffers should be treated immediately before the patient recovers completely.

Disturbances in the functioning of the digestive system, inflammatory processes of organs, and mental disorders cannot be the only causes that contribute to the occurrence of DZhVP.

At the initial and secondary stages, doctors identify other possible causes of the disease:

• intestinal diseases that are chronic infectious in nature;
• genetic inheritance: DZHVP can be inherited from older generations to younger;
• helminthic infectious diseases: the appearance of dyskinesia is caused by the presence of flat and round helminths in the body;
• Vegetative-vascular dystonia: the disease affects parts of the nervous system that are responsible for the proper functioning of the digestive system.

In modern medicine, cases are not excluded when indirect signs of the disease appeared against the background of stage 2 obesity, an inactive lifestyle, strong physical exertion, and psycho-emotional breakdowns.

Diagnosis of the disease

No doctor will be able to correctly diagnose the disease, relying directly on indirect signs and severe symptoms of DZhVP. To establish the correct diagnosis and prescribe a full-fledged complex of treatment for biliary dyskinesia in adults, it is necessary to perform the following measures:

• make a complete survey of the patient, during which the timing of the appearance and nature of the symptoms are established
• collect a diagnosis of past illnesses of the patient: which diseases were transferred at an earlier age, which diseases are hereditary, indications of the presence of benign or malignant tumors in the patient or his relatives;
• study the place of work: check it for toxic substances and general working conditions;
• conduct a physiological examination, check the patient’s skin for spots or yellow skin, and examine the entire body: is there obesity and is the liver well visible;
• appoint laboratory examinations: a stage that includes a general clinical and biochemical blood test, urinalysis and feces, markers for the presence of hepatitis.

Based on the above studies, the doctor can make an initial diagnosis, but to fully confirm and prescribe treatment for biliary dyskinesia with drugs, the patient needs to undergo an instrumental examination of the body:

• Ultrasound examination of the peritoneum, gall bladder with ducts. The examination helps the doctor understand what size the gallbladder has, its paths, whether inflammation and neoplasms are present.
• Probing of the stomach and intestines. It is carried out with the aim of taking liquid samples for analysis.
• Cholecystography with a contrast agent - X-ray examination.
• Scintigraphy. The method is innovative and consists in the introduction of isotopes into the body, with the help of which the necessary zone is visualized.

Treatment of dyskinesia

With the timely detection of symptoms of the disease, treatment, as a rule, ensures a favorable outcome of the disease. A full range of medical procedures for dyskinesia is aimed at ensuring a full outflow of bile from the liver. Medical treatment, although it plays a decisive role, will not be complete without additional action. Treatment of biliary dyskinesia consists of the following complex of measures:

1. Drawing up a special regime of the day and its full compliance:

• the correct ratio of physical activity and rest, healthy sleep lasting at least eight hours a day;
• systematic walks in the open air;
• with sedentary work, light gymnastics (tilts and turns of the body) should be performed every two to three hours.

2. Compliance with a strict diet:

• completely exclude from the diet spicy, fatty, smoked foods and canned foods;
• minimize salt intake (daily intake should be no more than 3 grams);
• regularly consume mineral water;
• the number of meals (small fractional servings) should increase to 7-8 times during the day.

3. Medicines and medical treatment (taken as directed by a doctor):

• heavy use of choleretic drugs;
• the use of enzyme and cholespasmolytic agents.

Preparations for biliary dyskinesia constitute a large group of medicines that are designed to normalize the work of the bile ducts, as well as to prevent stagnation of bile.

All these drugs are divided into the following groups:

1. Choleretics - stimulate the secretory function of the liver and vary in composition and mode of action on the body:

• Plant substances, the basis of which are herbs and extracts from plants. For example, "Flaming."
• Animal-based medicines. For example, "Allohol."
• Synthetic preparations. For example, Ursosan.

2. Cholekinetics - choleretic drugs to eliminate pain and normalize the functioning of the gallbladder:

• "Holosas" - a preparation based on natural ingredients, which contains rosehip, malic and citric acids, as well as a vitamin complex.
• “Magnesium Sulfate” is a choleretic drug that additionally has a laxative effect.
• "Oxafenamide" - a drug for the bile flow and pain relief.

3. Other drugs. As a rule, the treatment of pathology requires the use of non-specific groups of medicines:

• Cholespasmolytics: No-shpa, Papaverin, Iberogast, Odeston.
• Laxatives: Purgen, Bisacodyl. They are contraindicated if the patient has a tendency to intestinal disorders.

Alternative methods in the treatment of dyskinesia

The use of drug treatment can be accompanied by alternative methods. Therefore, each patient should be aware of how to treat biliary dyskinesia in the “grandmother's” way.

The hypertensive type of the disease involves the use of such fees to reduce gallbladder hyperfunction:

• herbal infusions of mint, corn stigmas, immortelle, barberry;
• rosehip broth in combination with herbs.

Treatment of biliary dyskinesia with a hypomotor type of disease includes:

• the preparation and use of special decoctions of herbs (calendula, pharmacy chamomile, marshmallow, elecampane, sage);
• the use of flaxseed oil;
• applying a cold heating pad or compress to the ribs to reduce pain with weak contractions of the gallbladder;
• drinking a glass of milk with the addition of carrot juice, perform the procedure for 30 days in the morning;
• setting an enema with the addition of corn oil (1 tbsp.spoon per 1 liter of warm water (for the prevention of the disease).

Effective is the treatment of the disease with juices:

• it is recommended to drink fresh juices for a month before eating;
• juice of carrots, cucumbers, beets (mix in equal proportions);
• a mixture of honey and apple juice;
• a glass of a mixture of cabbage brine and tomato juice (after eating).

Prevention and diet

Biliary dyskinesia is a dangerous disease. To prevent it, doctors recommend eliminating neurological disorders, protecting the body from stressful situations, and ensuring proper diet and sleep patterns. Engage in outdoor activities.

If the disease is still present or the treatment is at the final stage, then it is recommended:

• cleansing the gallbladder by taking special medications;
• periodic sounding to cleanse the duodenum;
• acupressure;
• electrophoresis.

Doctors pay special attention to following a diet for biliary dyskinesia, which includes the following items:

• Provide a proportionate meal throughout the day. Thanks to this, the body will get used to the regime and establish the interaction of all systems and organs.
• All dishes must be cooked in such thermal conditions: baking or broth. It is necessary to completely abandon the fried and control the amount of salt entering the body.
• Eat food only when heated. Cold foods can cause spasms of the bile ducts.
• Daily consume fruits, vegetables, you can make juices. It is also necessary to eat greens.

It is allowed to use such products:

• juices and freshly squeezed fresh juices in diluted form;
• from sweets you can eat jam, marshmallows, marshmallows, marmalade, caramel and honey;
• drink weak tea;
• eat only ripe and sweet fruits, berries;
• give preference to yesterday’s bread;
• a small amount of butter is allowed;
• can sunflower and olive oil;
• replace ordinary cookies with biscuits;
• hard-boiled eggs and steamed omelets;
• porridge (rice, buckwheat) is recommended to cook in milk and water;
• fermented milk products of zero or low fat content are allowed;
• vegetarian (vegetable), milk soups or low-fat borsch.

Disease complications

With the right treatment, begun in the early stages of the disease, the pathology has a successful outcome and does not pose a threat to the life of the patient. But untimely treatment with symptoms of biliary dyskinesia or with insufficient therapy, neglect of the doctor’s recommendations, complications may begin:

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Treatment Reviews

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1. Often, a visit to a doctor led to the establishment of a similar diagnosis with the following symptoms:

• nausea (sometimes night vomiting);
• stomach ache;
• upset stool.

2. All patients note the need for dieting for at least six months after the end of treatment, as well as during therapy:

• excluded sweet, smoked, sparkling water and similar products;
• patients prefer steamed or oven food.

3. Some patients note that following a strict diet is effective during exacerbations, the rest of the time it is important to simply observe food restrictions.

4. Therapy of biliary dyskinesia with drugs is carried out in courses.

5. Full recovery does not occur, there is a risk of exacerbations.

6. When treating a disease in a child, it is necessary to ensure a calm situation in the family, protect him from infectious diseases, and strictly follow all the recommendations of the pediatrician.

7. Some patients in the reviews note the ineffectiveness of treatment, and with their additional examination, lamblia were detected in the body and a different course of therapy was prescribed.

We can say that a disease such as biliary dyskinesia worries most of the population. As a rule, people seek specialized help when the pathology is already becoming chronic. In this case, the treatment is long and requires patience from the patient.