Severe cervical dysplasia is a dangerous gynecological disease that can lead to infertility or cancer complications. Modern techniques can completely get rid of trouble. It is important not to delay therapy and seek help when the first symptoms of the disease appear.
Description of the pathological process
They say about the development of dysplasia if atypical changes are observed in the vaginal part of the uterine epithelium. With the timely detection of the disease, the pathological process can be completely stopped. If you refuse therapy, irreversible precancerous processes begin on the cervix. There is a serious threat to the patient's life.
Unfortunately, at an early stage of the disease, dysplasia may not manifest itself in any way. A reliable method of prevention is regular (at least every 6 months) examinations by a gynecologist.
The pathological process affects the cellular structures of the mucous membrane of the named organ, in contrast to erosion, in which the lesion is more often associated with mechanical damage. The disease is most often diagnosed in women of childbearing age. Statistics show that severe uterine dysplasia occurs in one woman in a thousand. Ailment can also lead to incurable infertility.
Stages of the development of the disease
The disease can affect various layers of uterine epithelial cells. Depending on the depth of the pathological process, three degrees of dysplasia are distinguished:
- The mild form is characterized by minor changes in the mucosa. The lower third of the organ epithelium is affected.
- With the appearance of changes in the lower and middle third of the epithelium, they speak of moderate dysplasia.
- If the lesion affects all layers of the cell epithelium, a diagnosis of severe dysplasia is made. This condition is considered very dangerous, with it there is a high risk of cancer complications.
In severe dysplasia, blood vessels, nerve endings, and muscles are not affected, as in uterine cancer, but the lack of proper treatment will lead to the rapid progression of the disease.
Normally, uterine epithelial cells have a regular round shape. With the development of the pathological process, the cells become flat, and the epithelium becomes shapeless, with multiple nuclei. During the study, it is difficult to distinguish the edges of the individual layers.
Why does dysplasia develop?
Most often, severe cervical dysplasia is a consequence of a human papilloma virus that was not detected in a timely manner. In 95% of patients, pathogenic microflora can be detected even with general analyzes. However, the presence of the virus in the blood does not mean that a woman will have to treat a dangerous disease. Of great importance is the state of the patient's immune system. If a person leads an active lifestyle, fully eats and rests well, the risk of developing pathological processes in the body is minimized.
Significantly increases the risk of developing cervical dysplasia, smoking, both active and passive. Girls who started their sex life early also have an increased risk of developing the disease. Other negative factors include: early childbirth or abortion, trauma to the uterus (including surgery), chronic inflammatory diseases of the reproductive system, any condition of immunodeficiency.
How to recognize a disease
At an early stage, the disease practically does not give any clinical manifestations. In 10% of the fairer sex, there is a latent course of even severe cervical dysplasia. Often, an illness can be suspected due to the fact that, against the background of a decrease in local immunity, a secondary infection joins the affected area. Most often, symptoms of colpitis appear, such as burning and itching in the vagina, discharge with an unpleasant odor (blood impurities may be present in them).
With focal severe dysplasia, there is almost never any pain. In rare cases, there may be slight discomfort in the lower abdomen, as during menstrual bleeding. Against the background of the disease, other pathological processes of the organs of the reproductive system can develop. Often, women are diagnosed with genital warts, chlamydia, gonorrhea.
Instrumental diagnostics
Due to the fact that severe cervical dysplasia can occur without obvious clinical signs, laboratory and instrumental diagnostic methods are of great importance. In girls who regularly visit a gynecologist, the risk of developing the disease is minimized. The specialist will be able to suspect the initial stage of dysplasia already during the examination of the patient on the gynecological chair with the help of vaginal mirrors. The following signs may be the reason for a deeper study - gloss around the external pharynx of the uterus, discoloration of the epithelium, any spots of unknown origin.
If you suspect severe dysplasia, a woman may additionally be prescribed colposcopy. The study is carried out using a special optical device. An enlarged image of the mucous membrane of the cervix is displayed on the monitor screen.
Laboratory diagnostics
It is possible to confirm severe epithelial dysplasia with the help of a cytological examination of a PAP smear. During the examination on a gynecological chair, a specialist takes a scraping from various sections of the epithelium. The resulting biological material is examined under a microscope. If atypical cells are present in it, they can be easily identified. Using a cytological study, it is also possible to determine papillomavirus infection.
The most informative method for detecting cervical dysplasia is a histological examination. During the examination, the gynecologist takes a piece of epithelial tissue, where a pathological process can presumably develop. The technique makes it possible to identify malignant cells. To determine the tactics of treatment and confirm the diagnosis allows immunological PCR research.
Treatment of cervical dysplasia
The choice of methodology for the treatment of the disease depends on the age of the patient, the volume of the lesion, the degree of the pathological process. At an early stage, it is possible to cope with the disease with the help of medications. Treatment is carried out on an outpatient basis. A woman must also follow the general recommendations. Temporarily have to abandon sexual intimacy, visits to the sauna and solarium. Excessive exercise is also contraindicated.
Vitamins, hormones, immunomodulators, probiotics and prebiotics help restore the affected epithelium. Additionally, antiviral therapy is performed. With dysplasia at an early stage, Acyclovir and Viferon are widely used.
Surgical intervention
Severe squamous dysplasia is an occasion for surgical treatment. Intervention can be carried out in several ways. If the affected area is not extensive, the doctor may decide to conduct diathermocoagulation. The technique involves cauterization of the damaged area using a low voltage current. Surgical intervention is performed under local anesthesia and does not cause pain. An alternative could be the cryodestruction technique - the damaged area is destroyed under the influence of liquid nitrogen.
In the most difficult cases, surgical treatment is carried out under local anesthesia using a scalpel. The affected cervix with dysplasia is completely excised. Such surgical intervention is often resorted to with a wide area of damage.
After the operation, the woman should be in a hospital for some time. The patient may complain of pain in the lower abdomen of a aching character, spotting from the genitals. Immediately after the intervention, body temperature can rise up to 38 degrees. Within a few days, the patient's condition returns to normal.
Alternative methods of treating dysplasia
If severe dysplasia is diagnosed, treatment should be carried out exclusively by a qualified doctor. It will not be possible to cope with the disease on its own. However, in combination with traditional therapy, folk remedies can be used after consultation with a gynecologist. Reviews show that vaginal swabs soaked in aloe juice help stop the process of degeneration of epithelial cells. For therapeutic purposes, it is necessary to choose a plant whose age exceeds five years. The swab is changed twice a day. The course of treatment is a month.
Celandine has excellent healing properties. The plant is widely used for papillomas and condylomas. Celandine will come to the rescue with cervical dysplasia. To reduce the manifestations of dysplasia, tampons with celandine decoction will help. In its pure form, the juice of the plant can not be used. It can provoke severe irritation. A tablespoon of dry raw material is poured into a glass of hot water, brought to a boil and boiled for another 15 minutes. Ready broth must be cooled and filtered. Using such a tool, douching can also be done twice a day.
Widely used in gynecological diseases, the uterus uterus. For douching, a medicinal infusion is prepared. A tablespoon of raw materials is poured into a glass of boiling water and insisted in a thermos for five hours. Then the tool is filtered and applied twice a day.
Tincture of a plant for alcohol can also be taken orally to strengthen the body's defenses. The finished medicine can be purchased at the pharmacy. It is necessary to take 15 drops of tincture twice a day. The course of treatment is three weeks.
Complications of cervical dysplasia
Cancerous processes are the most dangerous complication of dysplasia. However, oncology develops only in the absence of quality treatment. The risk of cervical cancer increases if the patient has a genetic predisposition to this disease. Severe dysplasia adenoma requires immediate surgical treatment. Unfortunately, cancer complications often develop at a reproductive age and lead to infertility in women.
Even if they managed to cope with dysplasia or cancer, the risk of complications remains. First, scars remain on the epithelium after surgery. And it also complicates the onset of a healthy pregnancy. Secondly, there is always a risk of relapse. After all, the human papilloma virus is completely impossible to cure. Therefore, a woman who has already experienced dysplasia once should visit a gynecologist more often for preventive examinations.
Severe stomach dysplasia
Pathological growth of the epithelium can be observed on the mucous membranes of other organs. This is a pathology in which cells mutate, gradually replacing healthy tissues. The development of the disease depends on the ecology and the nature of the patient’s nutrition. Severe gastric dysplasia is often a complication of gastritis and ulcers. And these diseases can be triggered by the use of harmful products: fast food, convenience foods. Bad habits also negatively affect the status of the epithelium of the stomach.
At an early stage, conservative therapy is performed. If gastric dysplasia is started, it is not possible to do without surgery.
Intestinal dysplasia
Severe colon dysplasia is another pathology that is characterized by abnormal proliferation of epithelial cells. The development of the disease, as in the previous case, often leads to malnutrition. The use of carcinogenic products leads to an increased risk of malignant processes in the body. An important role is also played by heredity. The treatment technique is selected based on the form and stage of the pathological process.
Prevention of cervical dysplasia
If the patient has already had to deal with dysplasia once, simple preventive measures will avoid relapse. It is important to regularly visit a gynecologist for routine examinations. A woman should avoid random sexual relations, eat well, abandon bad habits. If any unpleasant symptoms appear, you should seek medical help.