In any woman, a health problem during pregnancy is alarming. What needs to be done so that there are no complications, what medications are allowed to use for hypertension at this time?
"Metoprolol" during pregnancy can be used with limitations. The medication belongs to the pharmacological group of drugs beta-blockers. The drug is used to lower blood pressure and reduce the load on the heart during various pathological processes of the heart and blood vessels.
The medication is available in tablet form, the pills have a rounded shape, as well as a biconvex surface, depending on the concentration, they may have a pinkish or light yellow hue.
Structure
The main active ingredient in the drug is metoprolol tartrate, its concentration in one tablet is 50 or 100 milligrams. In addition, the structure of the drug includes additional substances:
- Polysorbate 80.
- Titanium oxide.
- Talc.
- Hypromellose.
Tablets are packaged in blisters of 10 and 14 pieces. In total in the package 2, 3 and 4 blisters.
Pharmacological properties
The active substance of the drug blocks beta-adrenergic receptors, which are localized in the heart and arterial vessels. The drug has several pharmacological actions, which include:
- Antihypertensive effect.
- Antianginal action.
- Antiarrhythmic effect.
After using the drug, the active component is rapidly and completely absorbed into the blood from the lumen of the stomach and intestines.
The active substance is evenly distributed over the tissues of the body, exchanged in the liver with the formation of inactive decay products, which are excreted in urine.
Can "Metoprolol" for pregnant women
The drug has the ability to be rapidly absorbed into the body. Half of the blood is removed within three to five hours. The medication can affect the number of heart contractions and blood pressure in about 10-12 hours.
Metabolic processes are carried out in the liver and excreted through the kidneys, as a rule, as inactive metabolic products. The drug can pass through the placental barrier, penetrate into breast milk.
According to reviews, “Metoprolol” affects the fetus during pregnancy, so it can only be prescribed in special situations, when its pharmacological effect will be slightly higher than the likely risk to the baby’s body.
In addition, if a woman is breastfeeding, while using the medicine she needs to stop breastfeeding and transfer the baby to the mixture.
According to reviews, “Metoprolol” during pregnancy at 39 weeks, you must stop taking no later than 2 days before the expected birth. The use of the drug for lactation does not require the abolition of breastfeeding. It is only necessary to monitor the condition of the child to exclude the negative effects of the drug on the baby.
What is the medicine for?
The medication is prescribed for diseases of the heart and blood vessels, which are accompanied by an increase in blood pressure and an increased myocardial load:
- Elimination of hypertension as monotherapy or in combination with other antihypertensive drugs.
- Combined therapy for cardiac ischemia, which is accompanied by a decrease in the supply of oxygen and nutrients to the heart muscle.
- Elimination of various forms of arrhythmia.
Limitations
According to the instructions for use, "Metoprolol" during pregnancy is contraindicated in a number of diseases and conditions, which include:
- Individual intolerance to the substances of the drug.
- Cardiogenic shock (left ventricular failure, which is characterized by a sudden decrease in contractility of the heart muscles).
- Atrioventricular block (a type of heart block that indicates a violation of the electrical impulse from the atria to the ventricles).
- Weakness syndrome of the sinus node (a violation provoked by the weakening or termination of the function of the automatism of the sinus-atrial node).
- Bradycardia (a disease with a heart rate of less than sixty beats per minute).
- Arterial hypotension (an ailment characterized by a decrease in blood pressure).
- Prinzmetal angina (a disease that occurs at rest subsequently stenosis of the coronary arteries and proceeds with severe prolonged attacks).
What other contraindications does the medicine have
According to the instructions, "Metoprolol" for pregnant women is prescribed with extreme caution in the following conditions:
- Diabetes mellitus (a chronic metabolic disorder, which is based on the lack of the formation of their own insulin and an increase in blood glucose).
- Chronic obstructive bronchitis (damage to the bronchi and lungs, which is characterized by irreversible restriction of air flow in the bronchopulmonary system, constantly progressing).
- Bronchial asthma (chronic inflammation of the respiratory system, which is characterized by suffocation of various durations and frequencies).
- Atrioventricular blockade of the first degree (a pathological process in which the conduction of the heart muscle is disturbed, which is characterized by a slowdown in the conduct of an impulse from the atria to the ventricles).
- Chronic diseases of the liver and kidneys.
- Depressive disorders.
- Thyrotoxicosis (a pathological condition in which an excess of thyroid hormones is formed in the body).
- Pathologies of peripheral vessels with their fusion.
- Myasthenia gravis (an autoimmune disease characterized by severe fatigue of the striated muscles).
- Pheochromocytoma (a tumor of chromaffin cells of the sympathoadrenal system of the adrenal or extrarenal origin).
Before starting therapy, you must ensure that there are no restrictions.
How to take the drug
According to the instructions, "Metoprolol" during pregnancy is taken orally immediately after eating. They are not chewed and washed down with water. The dosage and dosage regimen depends on the pathological process:
- With arterial hypertension, a drug is prescribed in an initial dosage of 50-100 milligrams in 1 or 2 doses throughout the day. With a small pharmacological effect, the concentration can be increased to a maximum therapeutic daily dose of 200 mg.
- With angina pectoris, as well as arrhythmias or complex therapy of migraine - 100-200 milligrams per day in 2 divided doses.
- For functional disorders of the heart, 100 mg of the drug is recommended for use on day 2 of administration.
- For prophylactic purposes, 200 milligrams per day in 2 divided doses is prescribed to prevent secondary myocardial infarction.
With liver diseases, the concentration of the active substance is reduced depending on the lesion.
Negative reactions
From the instructions for use, it is known that Metoprolol during pregnancy can lead to negative effects. The following reactions may appear in the digestive system:
- gagging;
- dry mouth
- pain in the abdomen;
- loose stools.
From the side of the heart and blood vessels, the following unpleasant symptoms can be observed:
- Sinus bradycardia (a pathological process that is associated with a slowdown in the formation of an impulse).
- Orthostatic hypotension (a disease that is characterized by a violation of the body's ability to maintain a standard level of blood pressure in an upright position).
- The development of angiospasm (stenosis of blood vessels, as well as small arteries and capillaries, as a result of which microcirculation and tissue fluid exchange are disturbed).
- Arrhythmia (a pathological condition in which violations of the frequency, rhythm and sequence of excitation and contraction of the heart occur).
- Violation of the conduction of the muscles of the heart.
- Cardialgia (a pathology that is characterized by the development of pain in the left side of the chest).
What other negative effects does the drug provoke
From the nervous system, the following adverse reactions are noted:
- Migraine (a neurological disease that is characterized by a sharp onset of headache, which can be localized in any part).
- General weakness.
- Depressive disorders.
- Paresthesia (a disorder of sensitivity, which is characterized by sharply appearing sensations of burning, as well as tingling and crawling ants).
- Decreased attention.
- Drowsiness.
- Memory impairment.
- Muscle weakness.
In addition, the following side effects are also distinguished:
- Noise in ears.
- Dry mucous membrane of the eye.
- Conjunctivitis (a disease of the organs of vision that is characterized by lesions of the conjunctiva).
- Nasal congestion.
- Bronchospasm (an ailment that occurs when the smooth muscles of the bronchi are contracted and their lumen is reduced).
- Dyspnea.
- Hypoglycemia (a condition characterized by a decrease in blood glucose to a level where brain cells and the body experience energy starvation).
- Hypothyroidism (a disease that is caused by a prolonged, persistent deficiency of endocrine hormones).
- Weight gain.
- Decreased libido.
- Exacerbation of psoriasis (a chronic disease that affects mainly the skin).
- Hyperhidrosis (a pathology accompanied by severe sweating throughout the body or only in certain areas).
- Increased photosensitivity of the skin.
- Reversible alopecia (hair loss, which leads to their thinning or complete baldness).
- Itchy skin.
- Nettle rash.
If adverse reactions occur, the question of discontinuing therapy is decided by the medical specialist.
Gynecologist's advice
Before starting treatment with Metoprolol during an interesting situation, it is important to familiarize yourself with the instructions for the medicine. There are several nuances regarding the use of the drug, which should be noted:
- The use of a medication requires regular monitoring of blood pressure, as well as heart rate.
- With a sharp cessation of therapy, a withdrawal syndrome is likely, which is characterized by an increase in blood pressure, the development of attacks of angina pectoris and arrhythmia. Therefore, the cessation of treatment is carried out gradually.
- Tablets can "hide" the unpleasant symptoms of the pathological process of the cardiovascular system, which must be taken into account during diagnostic measures.
- The presence of depression at the time of initiation of therapy requires consultation and supervision of a psychiatrist.
- People who use contact lenses should be aware that the drug reduces the production of tear fluid and leads to dry mucous membranes of the eye.
- During therapy, you can not engage in activities that require increased attention and speed of psychomotor reactions, since dizziness is likely.
In pharmacies, tablets are dispensed with a prescription from a medical specialist. It is not recommended to self-medicate.
Generics
Egilok, Metocard, Metozok have similar active components and pharmacological effects. Before changing the original medication, it is recommended to consult a specialist.
The shelf life of Metoprolol is 60 months. It is important to keep the drug in a dry, dark place at an air temperature of 15 to 25 degrees Celsius.
Reviews
The responses about Metoprolol highlight the following advantages: bioavailability, effectiveness, low cost, instant action.
Among the negative aspects distinguish: a large number of contraindications, frequent negative reactions, a possible withdrawal syndrome.