Neurocirculatory dystonia is a type of vegetovascular dysfunction. This pathology occurs mainly in young people and has a functional nature. As a rule, neurocirculatory dystonia (hereinafter NDC) is characterized by disorders of the cardiovascular system. In young men and adolescents, NDC is due to the mismatch of physical development and neuroendocrine regulation.
Basically, NDC develops as a result of asthenic syndrome after diseases of an infectious nature. Also, the causes of this disease can be various types of intoxication, lack of sleep, poor diet, both mental and physical overwork. In some cases, a hereditary predisposition to pathological vasomotor reactions is noted.
Neurocirculatory dystonia, the symptoms of which are caused by a neurosis-like state, is characterized by weakness, increased fatigue, sleep disorders, irritability.
According to functional circulatory disorders, NDC can be classified into three main types, namely cardiac, hypotensive and hypertensive.
Cardiac-type neurocirculatory dystonia is established in the absence of significant changes in blood pressure according to complaints of some interruptions in the heart. In some cases, the decisive symptoms are shortness of breath during exercise and objective deviations in the activity of the heart. This may include a tendency to tachycardia, severe respiratory arrhythmia, the presence of supraventricular extrasystole, tachycardia paroxysms and inadequate loads of changes in cardiac output.
NCD according to the hypotensive type is characterized by the presence of symptoms of chronic vascular insufficiency, which is characterized by venous hypotension, in some cases arterial hypotension. A greater number of patients have a lower cardiac index, while peripheral vascular resistance is increased. In a number of patients, the level of sympathetic activity decreases. Most often, patients complain of increased fatigue, muscle weakness, headache, chilly feet and hands, a tendency to orthostatic manifestations, up to the point of fainting. Most patients have asthenic physique, pale skin. Quite often, pulse blood pressure decreases and signs of tachycardia are observed.
A hypertensive type of NCD is characterized by a transient increase in blood pressure. In almost half of patients, this symptom is not combined with various kinds of changes in well-being and, as a rule, is first detected only during a medical examination. Complaints of fatigue, palpitations, and headache are sometimes possible. NDC of this type practically coincides with the condition, which is defined as borderline arterial hypertension.
Neurocirculatory dystonia, the treatment of which is reduced to the use of non-drug methods, is observed in almost half of the population. As a rule, in case of detection of this disease, it is recommended to normalize the lifestyle, do hardening procedures and physical education. Widely used spa treatment, balneotherapy and physiotherapy. With sleep disorders and increased irritability, the use of sedatives is indicated. In some cases, medications containing ergot alkaloids are prescribed. And orthostatic disorders are prevented by taking fetanol or caffeine. With the hypotensive type of NCD - in the case when orthostatic disorders are observed, special exercises are prescribed that train the muscles of the abdominal press and legs. With a hypertensive type of NCD, a short-term intake of beta-blockers is sometimes indicated. The prognosis for this disease is always favorable.