Jade is an inflammatory disease in which kidney dysfunction is observed. The severity of an organ malfunction depends on the type of pathological process, the cause and severity. The acute form causes temporary dysfunction. The chronic course of the disease is fraught with irreversible damage to the soft tissues and scarring. This, in turn, entails the development of a life-threatening condition - renal failure.
What is jade?
The kidneys are a cleansing filter of the body. In addition, they participate in the process of blood formation and metabolism, maintain water balance. They have a function to ensure a normal level of pressure in the arteries. Therefore, any pathology affecting the renal system negatively affects the work of the whole organism.
Jade is a disease that includes a group of inflammatory disorders of various organ structures. The latter refers to the renal glomeruli and tubules, interstitial tissue. With the development of the inflammatory process, organ damage occurs in them. The kidneys cease to filter blood properly. Harmful substances begin to accumulate in the body, adversely affecting human health.
The kidney itself consists of thousands of structural units - nephrons. One such fragment is a glomerular filter and a tubule system for reabsorption of beneficial elements. It is in the nephron that the separation of substances into waste occurs, which is subsequently excreted with urine, and useful elements that undergo reverse absorption.
Types of disease
There are several varieties of jade. The first classification of inflammatory kidney disease is based on the site of development of the pathological focus:
- Glomerulonephritis (an inflammatory process occurs in glomeruli or glomeruli of the kidneys).
- Pyelonephritis (pathology extends to the pyelocaliceal system).
- Tubulo-interstitial nephritis (tubules and interstitium are affected by inflammation).
In addition, the disease can have an acute or chronic course, and according to the degree of damage, it can be diffuse or focal. Primary nephritis is an independent disease. Secondary develops against the background of already present pathologies of the kidneys and other organ systems.
Causes and Risk Factors
Primary kidney damage in most cases is directly related to their pathology. It can be hereditary and genetically determined. This form of the disease does not appear immediately after birth, but after some time, when the intermediate metabolic products begin to have a toxic effect.
Secondary nephritis develops amid the following health problems:
- diabetes;
- rheumatism;
- cirrhosis;
- vasculitis;
- Hepatitis B;
- oncological diseases;
- severe forms of anemia.
The cause of acute nephritis is usually an infectious process in the body, which is a complication in the form of an inflammatory process in the kidneys. The chronic variety is the result of poor or untimely treatment of acute. In addition, its exacerbation is observed with hypothermia, a decrease in immunity, and infection from the bladder.
The risk group for developing the disease includes people who are overweight and hypertensive, with a history of heart ailments and diabetes. In addition, gynecological diseases and surgical interventions in the urinary tract significantly increase the likelihood of nephritis.
Clinical picture
Symptoms and treatment of nephritis are largely determined by the form of the disease. An acute infectious variety usually develops in patients under 35 years of age. Its first manifestations occur within a few days after hypothermia. The main features are the following:
- temperature rise;
- weakness;
- back pain;
- thirst and dry mouth;
- bloating, nausea, vomiting;
- pain during urination;
- impurities of blood in urine.
All forms of jade are characterized by swelling. First, it appears on the face and eyelids, then spreads to the legs and the whole body. The danger of edema lies in their rapid progression, the occurrence of heart failure against this background.
In chronic nephritis, blood pressure rises. However, a similar symptom is often found in the acute course of the disease. He is not dangerous.
Chronic nephritis entails cases of regular exacerbations, lasts a long time. Even during periods of remission, patients complain of weakness, lack of appetite, and low-grade fever.
In the case of secondary types of pathology, renal glomeruli are affected. The clinical picture is supplemented by the following symptoms:
- pallor of the skin;
- severe swelling throughout the body;
- the appearance of protein in the urine;
- increase in blood pressure;
- anuria
With high pressure figures, patients often develop eclampsia with severe headaches, convulsions. Possible loss of consciousness, involuntary bowel movements.
Diagnostic Methods
Diagnosis of the inflammatory process does not cause special difficulties. If you experience primary symptoms of jade, you should consult a doctor. Who treats kidney and jade prevention? These issues are the responsibility of the urologist, therapist and nephrologist.
Diagnosis begins with a study of the patient's history and clinical symptoms to determine the etiology of the disease. Typically, patients complain that the kidney on the left side or on the right hurts a high temperature. Then the doctor examines the skin, palpation of the lumbar region, measures pressure and pulse. After he gives a referral to laboratory tests (total / biochemical blood, total and bacterial urine culture).
Mandatory are instrumental diagnostic methods. The most informative is ultrasound. With it, you can evaluate the general condition of the kidneys, identify edema, the presence of sand and stones. On ultrasound, signs of jade are easily confirmed. CT is also prescribed for patients with or without a contrast agent. The study allows you to study the structure of the organ in a three-dimensional image, to evaluate the functional state of the excretory system.
After receiving the results of the examination, the doctor prescribes therapy. Usually it is carried out in a hospital with bed rest. In addition, the patient is individually selected medications, a diet is prescribed. Being in the hospital is necessary for regular monitoring of the patient's condition, taking tests from him and assessing the dynamics of the state of the kidneys. Only this approach allows you to prevent the development of renal failure.
Drug therapy
Jade is a disease that requires long-term medication. Treatment usually takes from 20 days to several months. Therapy of the bacterial form of the disease, in case of infection, is based on antibiotics in tablets or intravenously (Ceftriaxone, Amoxiclav, Ciprolet). Sometimes the treatment regimen is supplemented with plant uroseptics. When the course of the disease is accompanied by pain, it is recommended to take non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs ("Ibuprofen", "Diclofenac").
Poor kidney function negatively affects the balance of electrolytes in the body. If their level is markedly increased, the patient is prescribed diuretics ("Furosemide", "Diuver"). They help to remove excess fluid and minerals from the body, reduce swelling. With a lack of electrolytes, magnesium, sodium and potassium supplements in tablets are indicated.
Kidney dysfunction is one of the causes of high blood pressure. It is necessary to control its performance with the help of anti-hypertension drugs (Captopril, Valsartan).
In Europe, doctors offer their option on how to cure jade. They prescribe bacteriophages to their patients. However, such therapy is very expensive. Therefore, in Russia it is not used.
Other treatments
For relief of the inflammatory process and purification of blood from toxic substances, therapeutic plasmapheresis is used. The procedure involves the collection of a portion of blood for the subsequent separation of the formed elements from its liquid part. Then the latter is replaced by intravenous fluids or donor plasma, where antibodies are absent. Shaped elements with updated plasma are returned back to the patient’s bloodstream.
If the patient's condition, despite drug therapy, worsens or develops renal failure, lifelong blood purification is required. In such cases, hemodialysis is performed. Patients who treat kidneys are in specialized medical centers or a hospital.
Jade Diet
Without a change in nutrition, treatment of the inflammatory process will be ineffective. The diet should be high-calorie and balanced at the same time. If the functionality of the kidneys and other organs is preserved, a system of nutrition correction is not required. Enough to limit salt intake.
In other cases, the diet for jade implies the following principles:
- the presence of high protein foods in the diet;
- increasing its calorie intake due to carbohydrates and fats;
- eating a lot of raw vegetables and fruits;
- maintaining the balance of water and salt.
From flour products it is better to choose bread with a minimal addition of salt. As for soups, preference should be given to dairy or vegetarian options. Meat and fish should be used in the diet of only lean varieties. Eggs are allowed to be consumed, but not more than one piece per day. It is better to drink fruit and vegetable juices, herbal decoctions and infusions.
Help traditional medicine
If the kidney hurts on the left side or on the right, some patients begin to independently treat the malaise without confirming the diagnosis. However, this approach is incorrect.
In addition to drug treatment of jade, various herbs and decoctions are often prescribed. Home-made medicines have a pronounced anti-inflammatory, antiseptic and diuretic effect. With the availability and simplicity of herbal remedies, it is not recommended to use them without consulting a doctor.
As a diuretic, folk doctors advise using a nettle broth. To prepare it, you will need a tablespoon of dry raw materials, pour 250 ml of boiling water, leave in a water bath for 10 minutes. After it should be taken 125 ml three times a day.
In the chronic form of the disease, bearberry infusion can be prepared. A tablespoon of grass pour a glass of boiling water, leave to infuse for about half an hour. It is recommended to take the drug in a tablespoon 5 times a day. Bearberry can be combined with lingonberry leaves. The latter have an excellent diuretic effect. It will take 2 tablespoons of bearberry and lingonberry leaves, pour 2 liters of water. The resulting mixture should be evaporated over low heat. When approximately half remains from its original volume, the infusion needs to be cooled and filtered. Take it 150-200 ml three times a day.
As a preventive measure, folk healers recommend vegetable juices (potato, beetroot). They are characterized by antibacterial and diuretic effects, they strengthen immunity well.
Possible complications
Diagnosis of nephritis and quality treatment are very important. Otherwise, the course of the disease may be accompanied by complications. Among them, the most common are anuria, pulmonary edema, cerebral apoplexy. In 10% of cases, eclampsic seizures occur, but they end safely. At the beginning of the pathological process, heart failure can develop, which manifests itself as shortness of breath, cyanosis and cough.
In severe forms of nephritis, patients are often diagnosed with renal failure. It entails a change in the composition of the blood. One of the consequences is the formation of blood clots and stroke. These disorders arise due to the excretion of a large amount of protein from the body, which is extremely necessary for normal life.
Forecast and methods of prevention
The prognosis for recovery from nephritis directly depends on timely diagnosis and adequate therapy. In most cases, it is positive. However, sometimes the disease can be complicated and take a chronic form of the course. If the patient continues to ignore health problems, the likelihood of developing kidney failure is high.
What is nephritis and how to properly treat it, described above. Can this disease be prevented? Prevention comes down to careful attention to one's own health and an immediate reaction to any ailments. It is extremely important to protect the body, to strengthen immunity. Doctors also advise:
- do not take medications without a doctor's prescription;
- do not use herbal infusions and decoctions, contraindicated in kidney diseases;
- eliminate stressful experiences;
- Do not neglect the treatment of viral and infectious ailments.
With the hereditary form of the disease, all preventive measures are powerless. Such patients must follow the recommended treatment to slow the progress of nephrosclerotic processes. Mortality at a young age is still 40%.