The development of diseases of the cardiovascular system occurs slowly and imperceptibly in the first stages. In most cases, a person learns about his heart problems when the pathology is already progressing, as a result of which urgent hospitalization is needed. Heart diseases are dangerous because they occur almost without symptoms. They are one of the main factors of mortality on earth. Even if the patient survives an attack of heart disease, he is unlikely to be able to return to a normal lifestyle, and therefore he needs to adapt to a new, more limited style. You can prevent the development of serious complications of heart disease by diagnosing them in time. Therefore, it is necessary to undergo preventive examinations in order to maintain health for your heart.
Heart disease
There are several signs that may indicate the development of heart problems. Having noticed such symptoms in yourself, you should immediately contact the clinic, where a thorough examination will help diagnose the disease and prevent possible complications.
The most common symptoms of the initial stages of heart disease include increased fatigue and general weakness. They can be associated with stress or increased stress, but can also be a signal for the development of heart failure. As a rule, fatigue does not go anywhere even after rest, and the feeling of oppression, loss of appetite, and poor general condition of the body are also added to it. The second symptom that can signal the development of pulmonary or heart failure is shortness of breath, and it can occur even when a person is in a state of absolute calm.
Strong fear, stress, or prolonged physical activity in every healthy person can cause heart palpitations, and this is considered the norm. If tachycardia often worries and without any good reason, then we can talk about the presence of disorders in the state of the cardiovascular system. Other symptoms of heart disease include loss of balance or sudden dizziness, fainting, discomfort, and chest pain. Such signs give an occasion to a person to visit a doctor. And undergo a comprehensive examination of the cardiovascular system.
The drug "Coronal"
If the patient has been diagnosed with a heart disease at a stage that does not require surgical intervention, he is prescribed drug therapy. Drugs for heart disease help the patient cope with the symptoms of the pathology and slow down its development. A person needs to be prepared for the fact that if he plans to extend his life, he needs to change her image, in particular, abandon bad habits, eat right, combine moderate exercise with relaxation.
Today on the shelves of pharmacies there are many different drugs whose action is aimed at combating heart problems. One of the most common medicines prescribed by doctors is Coronal tablets. Indications for use of the drug may be the following: coronary heart disease, arrhythmia, arterial hypertension, ventricular or supraventricular extrasystole, and others. Before starting a course of treatment with the drug, it is necessary to consult a doctor. The medicine "Coronal" has a fairly strong effect on the body, has a list of contraindications and can cause side effects. Available in film-coated tablets. The doctor may prescribe the drug "Coronal", and its analogues.
Pharmacology
The drug "Coronal" has an antianginal, antihypertensive and antiarrhythmic effect. This selective beta-blocker reduces the formation of cyclic AMP from ATP and is able to block heart beta-adrenergic receptors. Also, the drug “Coronal” helps to reduce myocardial contractility and heart rate, its conductivity and excitability.
The antihypertensive effect of the drug is manifested in the fact that it helps to reduce the minute volume of blood. "Coronal" - tablets that restore the normal sensitivity of baroreceptors, inhibit the activity of the reninangiotensive system, affect the central nervous system. In patients who suffer from hypertension, a hypotensive effect is observed 2-5 days after the start of use. After 1-2 months, a stable hypotensive therapeutic effect is noted.
The drug "Coronal", the indications for use of which have a fairly wide spectrum, has an antianginal effect. Tablets help lengthen diastole, improve perfusion of the heart muscle, reduce its oxygen demand by reducing heart rate. The antiarrhythmic effect of the drug is manifested in its ability to eliminate arrhythmogenic factors. Under its influence, atrioventricular conduction slows down and the rate of excitation of sinus and ectopic pacemakers decreases.
The use of the drug in medium dosages acts less pronounced on peripheral arteries, smooth muscles of the bronchi, pancreas, skeletal muscles, carbohydrate metabolism. The drug does not retain sodium ions in the body; its absorption is about 80-90%.
Indications for use
Before taking Coronal, you need to consult a doctor who will give clear instructions regarding the dosage and frequency of doses. You can’t start taking the drug on your own, there is a risk of harming your health, and with irreversible consequences.
In the “Coronal” medicine, indications for use are most often limited to arterial hypertension and coronary heart disease. The daily dose of the drug is 5 mg. The main active substance of the drug "Coronal" is bisoprolol. The maximum daily norm can reach 20 milligrams, and for patients with impaired normal functioning of the liver - 10 milligrams. In all cases, the dose of the drug is adjusted individually, taking into account the therapeutic efficacy and heart rate. Reduce the dose of the drug "Coronal" should be gradual, you can not stop the course of taking suddenly. This is especially true for patients with angina pectoris (CHD).
Contraindications
There is a list of cases in which it is better to abandon the use of the drug "Coronal". Indications for use in heart disease may not be the only factor in order to start a course of treatment. The doctor should carefully and comprehensively examine the patient for the safety of the latter.
The drug is contraindicated in patients with decompensated heart failure, acute heart failure, cardiogenic shock, cardiomegaly, Prinzmetal angina pectoris, CVI syndrome, atrioventricular block II-III century, sinoatrial block. Do not take the “Coronal” remedy for patients who have an individual hypersensitivity to the drug. It is not recommended to prescribe it to women during lactation, as well as to combine with the use of MAO inhibitors.
In extreme cases, but very carefully use the drug to treat patients with myasthenia gravis, intermittent claudication, Raynaud's syndrome , liver failure, heart failure, pheochromocytoma, metabolic acidosis, bronchial asthma, pulmonary emphysema, and diabetes mellitus. Contraindications to use may be depression, psoriasis, thyrotoxicosis, childhood and old age, pregnancy. Justify the use of the drug “Coronal” (doctors' opinions agree on this) during pregnancy can only be the case when the benefit to the mother is several times higher than the risk to the child.
Overdose
The patient must clearly follow the instructions of a specialist, because an overdose can cause dangerous symptoms. Among the common symptoms that are caused by an overdose of Coronal are bronchospasm, heart failure, arterial hypotension, and bradycardia. Intoxication causes a strong cardiodepressive effect, which prevails over a decrease in contractility and a decrease in the frequency of heart contractions. The patient may develop respiratory distress caused by bronchospasm.
If the patient has an unnatural reaction to the drug, immediate measures must be taken to neutralize them. The first thing to do is to rinse the stomach with the subsequent intake of enterosorbents (activated charcoal). You also need to drink a laxative agent (sodium sulfate). You can eliminate the symptoms of intoxication by administering atropine (0.5 -2.0 mg) intravenously. Also in such cases, glucagon 1-5 mg is used. If bronchospasm occurs, use a bronchodilating drug (aerosol "Salbutamol" or "Fenoterol").
Side effects
The drug "Coronal" can cause side effects, acting on the whole body. At risk are:
- the cardiovascular system;
- nervous system;
- respiratory system;
- gastrointestinal tract;
- genitourinary system;
- visual apparatus;
- skin, muscles, joints.
From the side of the cardiovascular system, complications such as paresthesia, impaired conduction, bradycardia, orthostatic hypertension, and also a decrease in blood pressure can occasionally be observed. In patients with Raynaud's syndrome or with intermittent claudication, symptoms worsen.
The drug “Coronal” can also cause side effects from the nervous system, namely: mental changes, vivid dreams, sleep disturbance, dizziness, headache, and fatigue. Very rarely, but nevertheless, the Coronal tool can also affect the visual apparatus. Reviews of such cases are accrued, but as a result of the effect of the drug, vision may worsen, tear secretion may decrease, up to the development of conjunctivitis.
Symptoms such as bronchospasm, shortness of breath, rhinitis and nasal congestion can disturb those patients who suffer from bronchial asthma. In isolated cases, the hepatotoxic effect of bisoprolol is found, which is determined by nausea, diarrhea, constipation and abdominal pain.
Among other side effects caused by the action of the drug "Coronal", patients' reviews note the following: excessive sweating, itching and redness of the skin, arthropathy, cramps and muscle pain. Dysuria and erectile dysuria caused by the action of the drug "Coronal" are rarely worried. Analogues of the drug are also capable of causing side effects on the body. Therefore, in each individual case, you must always consult a doctor and follow his instructions.
special instructions
In addition to contraindications and side effects, there are a number of cases where the drug should be used extremely carefully and certainly under the supervision of a doctor. This primarily concerns conditions such as congestive heart failure, diabetes mellitus, depression, myasthenia gravis, psoriasis, thyrotoxicosis, impaired normal functioning of the liver or kidneys, metabolic acidosis, starvation, Prinzmetal angina.
In case of chronic obstructive airway diseases, the “Coronal” agent, analogues and other beta-blockers can be taken, but only in combination with bronchodilators and in minimal doses. With pheochromocytoma, the drug must be taken simultaneously with the blockade of alpha-adrenergic receptors. Dosage should be prescribed after studying impaired liver and kidney function.
Arterial hypertension can be treated with the drug only under regular medical supervision. Reduced adrenergic counterregulation and anaphylactic reaction aggravate the course of reactions in patients who take beta-blockers. In elderly patients, increased sensitivity may occur even when using the usual dose of the drug, therefore, constant monitoring is also needed here.
If it is necessary to carry out planned surgical intervention, then the use of the drug is canceled 48 hours before the operation, while doing this not immediately, but gradually. If the patient has indications for use for the Koronal preparation, he needs to be very careful in activities that require a high speed of physical and mental reactions (working at heights, servicing machines, working with dangerous machinery, driving a car, etc.).
Drug interaction
When taking Coronal (tablets) at the same time as other medicines, you must adhere to safety precautions. In particular, this concerns the combination with MAO inhibitors, since after stopping there is an increase in blood pressure. Combining beta-blockers with allergen extracts for skin tests and with allergens that are used for immunotherapy, there is a risk of provoking severe allergic reactions.
When using antiarrhythmic drugs of classes I and III ("Disopyramide", "Sotalol", "Quinidine", "Amiodarone", "Lidocaine") you also need to be careful. With the simultaneous use of antihypertensive drugs and Coronal tablets, the latter can potentiate the effects of the former. If you use this drug in combination with Guafacin, Digitalis, Clonidine, Reserpine, this can lead to a slowdown in the conductivity of the heart through the electrical impulses.
The therapeutic efficacy of Coronal may decrease as a result of exposure to sympathomimetic drugs (antitussive drugs, nasal or eye drops). Activators of liver enzymes provoke a reduction in the biological half-life of beta-adrenergic receptors. The simultaneous use of antiarrhythmic drugs and calcium channel blockers of the Nifedipine and Verapamil groups can cause the development of bradycardia, heart failure or conduction disturbance.
Simultaneous treatment with Coronal and Clonidine may cause the development of a hypertensive crisis. If patients with diabetes have indications for taking Coronal, it is strongly recommended that blood glucose levels be monitored regularly. This is due to the fact that beta-blockers are able to potentiate the effects of antidiabetic drugs and insulin, masking signs of hypoglycemia.
Drug Reviews
The drug "Coronal" is prescribed by doctors for patients with heart disease. But does this drug really work for everyone? Analyzing reviews about him, we can make a general conclusion that the effect of the drug on the patient’s body depends on each individual case. Those who were fortunate enough not to encounter side effects respond very positively to the Coronal drug. Reviews of patients who felt the consequences of using the drug are not so encouraging. However, problems can be avoided. Before taking Coronal (tablets), the instructions for it should be read carefully and several times, because carelessness can also harm health.
The first thing that patients note is a decrease in heart rate, a slight decrease in blood pressure, and an improvement in the general condition of the patient. After several months of use, doctors recommend reducing the dose, because the pulse and pressure have already reached the norm and there is no need to lower them even more. Also, patients note that if you follow all the instructions of your doctor, then you should not be afraid of the unpleasant consequences of using the drug. But those who independently decided to change the daily dose or did not warn the doctor about the use of other drugs, encountered complications that in some cases required hospitalization of the patient. And therefore, do not forget that there is an instruction for use in each package of Coronal tablets.
Analogs
The drug "Coronal" has a wide range of analogues - drugs in which the same active substances are present. All of them differ in price, country of production, mechanism of action, contraindications, the presence or absence of side effects.
Like any medicine, the "Coronal" remedy has its own sphere of application. Its analogs are similar in that the active substance in them is bisoprolol. The most common are domestic drugs. Their advantage is low price (compared with imported) and high efficiency. In particular, the following drugs can be noted: Aritel, Aritel Cor, Biprol, Bisoprolol, Bisoprolol-Prana, and Niperten. They are available at every pharmacy kiosk, and their price ranges from 30 to one hundred rubles per package.
Imported analogues of the Koronal preparation are also presented in a wide assortment: Bidop (Hungary), Biol (Slovenia), Bisogamma (Germany), Bisokard (Poland), Bisomor (India), Bisoprolol- Lugal ”(Ukraine),“ Bisoprolol-Teva ”(Israel) and others. The German medicine Concor is especially popular among imported drugs. Its price is 4 times higher than the cost of the drug "Coronal" and is about 180 rubles. In general, imported drugs at drugstores offer at prices from 300 to 600 rubles per package.