Hemorrhoidal disease is a common pathology that is most often triggered by weakness of the venous walls. Such circumstances as sedentary work, hard physical labor, malnutrition are ways to provoke the formation of hemorrhoidal nodes. They, in turn, grow over time, which often causes thrombosis, anemia, and bleeding. Many patients require surgical treatment in order to remove nodes that can cause hemorrhoids complications.
List of the most common exacerbations
It is worth noting that the sooner you start therapy, the greater the chance of avoiding problems in the future. Almost all proctologist patients do not attach much importance to the development of hemorrhoidal disease. Such an approach to one’s own health is unacceptable: even at the first signs of hemorrhoids (itching and burning in the anal canal after defecation) one should consult a doctor. An experienced proctologist will evaluate the size and density of the nodes and prescribe the most effective treatment.
Here is a list of hemorrhoid complications, the treatment of which should be carried out strictly in a hospital:
- rectal fissures;
- rectal bleeding;
- hemorrhoidal vein thrombosis;
- necrosis and infringement of precipitated hemorrhoids ;
- state of anemia.
The most dangerous bleeding on this list. If it begins in a dream, the patient may lose a lot of blood. As a result, many concomitant diseases develop, and in some cases even a fatal outcome is possible. Do not underestimate conditions such as anemia, necrosis of the nodes and rectal cracks - all of them in one way or another contribute to a deterioration in the composition and density of blood. As a result, the patient feels constant weakness, chronic diseases develop, blood and mucus are regularly released during an act of defecation. The sooner the patient decides to undergo surgery to remove hemorrhoids, the less chance of future complications of hemorrhoids.
The state of anemia and its consequences for the body
Anemia is a pathology of the blood composition associated with a decrease in hemoglobin level and a decrease in the number of red bodies. One of the causes of anemia is blood discharge during bowel movements, which in case of disease progression each time become more and more plentiful.
In the second and third stages of hemorrhoidal disease, a small amount of blood is constantly released during defecation. The patient often underestimates this condition. And for the body, small but regular bleeding is more than dangerous. Not only anemia develops, but also a deficiency of many other vital vitamins and minerals. For the treatment of iron deficiency and cobalamin anemia, special medications are prescribed - Maltofer, Cyanocobalamin and others. But if the body continues to experience regular blood loss (complications after hemorrhoids), any treatment will not make sense.
Anemia is a common hemorrhoidal disease that almost all patients underestimate. The condition of anemia is accompanied by the following symptoms:
- weakness, asthenia;
- loss of consciousness, fainting;
- pallor of the skin;
- noise in ears;
- the development of vegetative dystonia;
- increased anxiety;
- arrhythmia, tachycardia and the development of heart disease;
- low temperature;
- cold clammy sweat.
The possibility of rectal fissures
Violation of the elasticity of the tissues of the rectal mucosa with hemorrhoids leads to injuries of rectum or skin in the preanal region. On the thinned mucous membrane, cracks easily occur during the passage of feces during defecation.
The danger of the condition lies in the fact that suitable conditions are created in the cracks for the development of pathogenic microflora. Pathogenic bacteria from the feces enter the wounds, causing extensive inflammation with the possibility of suppuration.
Symptoms of the presence of a similar complication of hemorrhoids:
- copious discharge of blood with pus after the act of defecation;
- sharp, unbearable pain in the anus when trying to change the posture after a long sitting;
- increased tone of the sphincter, even with small physical exertion;
- secretion of mucus with a sacrum after an act of defecation.
The larger the crack, the more tombs and pus can be released after bowel movement. Do not try to stop this condition yourself, it is better to contact a proctologist.
Hemorrhoidal vein thrombosis
Thrombosis is one of the most serious complications of hemorrhoids in men or women. It develops both after the operation, and simply with the transition of the disease to a terminal state. Thrombosis is characteristic both for hemorrhoidal veins, which are inflamed inside the rectum, and in already dropped nodes.
The main symptom of thrombosis of hemorrhoidal veins is a very sharp pain, often unbearable for the patient. Pain in the anus appears not only when trying to empty the intestines, but even at rest. This is a very alarming symptom: if thrombosis begins to bleed, you will have to contact an ambulance. Therefore, treatment should begin at the first stages of hemorrhoidal disease.
The possibility of internal bleeding
The most disturbing symptom that indicates bleeding from the rectum is a stream of blood secreted. If, with other complications of hemorrhoids, it just oozes, then an increase in flow is a clear sign of bleeding.
Dilated vessels of the rectum can bleed at the slightest exertion or straining. And if at the first stages of the disease there are only slight traces of blood on toilet paper, then launched hemorrhoids can lead to heavy bleeding. Attempts to stop blood loss at home may not succeed. If bleeding does not stop, you should use an ambulance.
Necrosis and infringement of the fallen nodes
At the third stage of the disease, the patient is no longer able to independently adjust the outgoing nodes. Moreover, their infringement and subsequent necrosis often develops. This condition is dangerous primarily due to the fact that the death of a fallen node can provoke severe bleeding, which cannot be stopped at home.
Necrosis of the node may be complete or partial. In the first case, the entire node dies completely. In the second - part of it, even worse. Necrosis most often leads the patient to the operating table. Proctologists most often practice the usual cutting off necrotic nodes with a scalpel. There is no sense in using minimally invasive therapy techniques: the node is not filled with blood.
Surgical removal of fallen nodes
In proctology, such a procedure is called Milligan-Morgan surgery. Depending on the stage, there are still some varieties of surgical intervention: hemorrhoidopexy, hemorrhoidectomy.
The patient should be on an empty stomach, a few days before the operation you can not eat fatty foods and alcoholic beverages. Before surgery, patients are not recommended to smoke. An enema is performed and, if necessary, local anesthesia.
The operation is carried out either in a closed way or open. In the first method, high-quality local anesthesia and complete instant excision of the nodes are used. When closed, general anesthesia is most often necessary, since the rectum is partially dissected and all the nodes are cut out inside, along with the accumulated contents - pus and the sacrum.
Accordingly, complications after closed-type hemorrhoid surgery can be more serious. Even if you do not take into account the possible inflammation of the walls of the mucosa and excised veins, then the stitches placed on the rectal area are a serious reason for a rather long postoperative period.
Complications after surgery to remove hemorrhoids
The following health problems are possible after surgery:
- the appearance of new nodes, which, as a rule, are almost guaranteed to thrombose:
- bleeding
- the appearance of rectal polyps and neoplasms.
To exclude such an outcome, you should follow the rules of conduct after surgery. Monitor nutrition, exclude physical activity, the first days to adhere to bed rest.
Minimally invasive hemorrhoid therapy
In addition to surgery for hemorrhoids, complications after which are quite common, modern minimally invasive treatment techniques exist. They are usually held in paid clinics. However, more and more state hospitals are purchasing the necessary equipment and offering their patients similar treatments.
Minimally invasive hemorrhoidal disease treatment techniques include:
- sclerotherapy;
- deserterization;
- cryodestruction;
- laser coagulation;
- latex ligation.
Complications after minimally invasive treatment
Minimally invasive techniques are much less traumatic for hemorrhoids. Surgery and complications after it is usually much more difficult for patients to tolerate. Therefore, if it is possible to prefer minimally invasive intervention, it is better to abandon the standard excision of nodes.
Complications after removing hemorrhoids with latex rings or using sclerotherapy methods are a re-formation of nodes. Of course, you can repeat the procedure to remove them again. The only way to avoid relapse is to follow preventive rules. Proper nutrition, the complete exclusion of alcoholic beverages from the diet, the use of therapeutic ointments, moderate physical activity - this is the best way to avoid the appearance of new nodes.
Proper nutrition after removal of hemorrhoids
Complications almost always arise amid chronic constipation. To avoid them, you should include in your diet on an ongoing basis the following foods:
- fresh fruits and berries;
- fresh and boiled vegetables;
- wholemeal bread;
- boiled beet salad;
- prunes - the best natural laxative;
- dairy products.
You should refuse fast food, fatty and fried foods. An operation to remove hemorrhoids, complications after which are quite common, is a real blow to the body. Therefore, you should at least for several months after it, adhere to proper nutrition.
Physical activity after the procedure for removing nodes
Physical education is a sore point for all patients of the proctologist. Even minor severities can affect the state of the venous walls. In this case, the patient himself can feel vigor and vitality. Just one “fine day” he will again find out the hemorrhoid or blood on the toilet paper.
Therefore, proctologists recommend after the operation and even after minimally invasive interventions for a month to refuse to perform any exercise - especially from weight lifting. Running, jumping, cycling is also highly undesirable. If stitches have been placed on the rectum, the prohibition is extended for up to three months.
Proctologist's advice on caring for the operated site
Simple tips on how to avoid relapse after surgery:
- Do not go to the bathhouse and sauna;
- do not take hot baths;
- any procedure in the bathroom should be carried out almost completely cool or slightly warm water;
- alcohol should be avoided;
- you should drink a course of blood thinners once a quarter.
Hot water and steam inevitably provoke the expansion of veins in the rectum, and with it the possibility of inflammation. But cold water tones the area of the anus, contributing to the narrowing of the veins.
The use of therapeutic ointments after surgery
The use of ointments almost always contributes to the rapid return of the patient's health. The following remedies perfectly relieve pain, swelling and inflammation after the intervention and exclude the possibility of recurrence of hemorrhoids (subject to regular use). They should be prescribed only by a doctor:
- Relief Advance.
- Ultraproct.
- Proctosed.
- Heparin ointment.
- Troxevasin.
You can also use traditional medicine to prevent hemorrhoids - these are beeswax candles, potato juice, olive and sea buckthorn oils, fresh flowered honey, shark or badger fat. You can apply these funds locally or make rectal suppositories from them.