Brain diseases require close attention of doctors. Depending on the reasons, these diseases can be divided into several categories: traumatic, infectious lesions, vascular diseases, benign and malignant tumors.
Traumatic brain diseases can have several degrees of severity. With light injuries, tremors are observed. In more severe conditions, bruises, damage to the brain tissue that require trepanation occur.
The diagnosis and the degree of injury depend on the symptoms. So, with mild forms, loss of consciousness occurs for a short time, nausea, headache, vomiting, weakness. With severe injuries, convulsions, severe inhibition of reflexes, post-traumatic epilepsy can develop. With penetrating hematomas, intracranial hematomas occur.
Infectious diseases of the brain occur with viral and bacterial damage. In case of inflammation of the membranes, the disease is called "meningitis", when brain matter is involved in the pathological process - "encephalitis", the combined lesion is "meningoencephalitis". Viral diseases have a benign course, bacterial diseases, on the contrary, are malignant. Outcomes of brain diseases can be fatal (meningitis of tuberculous origin).
Brain vascular disease is the most common cause of the pathology of this organ. It can manifest itself as a deterioration in the blood supply to certain parts of the brain substance (cervical osteochondrosis, stenosis of the blood supplying artery), aneurysms (expansion of a vessel of a local nature), vascular malformations, impaired arterial integrity leading to hemorrhage.
Brain tumors with a benign course are much less dangerous, since they give metastases (daughter tumors that are located at a considerable distance from the affected organ) and do not grow into the surrounding tissues. They gradually increase in size, exert significant pressure on the adjacent substance. Therefore, such diseases of the brain sometimes require surgical intervention.
Malignant tumors can be primary (if they initially develop in the brain) and secondary (in the presence of a pathological focus in other organs that give metastases). The most dangerous formations: meningeoma, glioma, neurinoma. They are distinguished by rapid progression, the ability to germinate into surrounding tissues, the formation and spread of metastases, which can penetrate other vital organs.
Degenerative, congenital diseases of the brain are rare. Symptoms of such lesions are pronounced, therefore, they pose a great threat to the patient's life.
How are these pathological conditions diagnosed taking into account the symptoms that accompany the disease? First, a medical examination is performed. At this stage, the symptoms characteristic of meningism and meningitis are determined (positive symptoms of Burdzinsky, Kernig). A particularly important diagnostic method is spinal puncture, which allows you to determine the presence of pathogens or blood in the cerebrospinal fluid. Imaging techniques are also widely used. These include MRI, CT, ultrasound. The most accurate is the first type of study, which allows you to examine in detail all areas of the brain and make the most accurate diagnosis. Other methods are slightly inferior in this indicator, but they have an advantage due to the lower time spent on their implementation.
Brain diseases are a serious pathology requiring urgent diagnosis and emergency treatment. Otherwise, the development of complications that can lead to death is possible.