"Amoxiclav" is an antimicrobial drug that is produced in several dosage forms - tablets, powder for suspension, powder for the manufacture of a solution for infusion. The name of the INN "Amoxiclav" in Latin is amoxicillin + clavulanic acid.
The tablets are coated with a special coating with a concentration of 250, 500 and 875 milligrams of amoxicillin, as well as clavulanic acid (125 milligrams).
The tablets are placed in blisters and bottles of dark glass.
The recipe for INN Amoxiclav (tablets):
Rp .: Tab. "Amoxiclav" 250/125 mg N 15D.S.
Inside, 1 tablet 4 times a day.
Pharmacological properties
Amoxiclav is a semisynthetic penicillin that acts on most gram-negative and gram-positive microorganisms. It inhibits the biological synthesis of peptidoglycan - a substance that is part of the bacterial cell wall.
Clinical studies confirm increased sensitivity to the action of Amoxiclav of the following microorganisms:
- Preotella.
- Bacteroids Fragilis.
- Porphyromonads.
- Fusobacteria.
- Wand of Plaut.
- Aikenella Corrodens.
- Peptostreptococcus.
- Peptococcus.
- Clostridia.
- Cholera Vibrion.
- Whooping cough.
- Pasteurella.
- Haemophilus influenzae.
- Gonococcus
- Moraxella Cataralis.
- Helicobacter pylori.
- Coagulase-negative staphylococci.
- Staphylococcus Saprophytic.
- Staphylococcus aureus.
- Bacillus Anthrax.
- Streptococcus agalactia.
- Streptococcus Pyogenes.
- Enterococcus Fecalis.
- Nocardiosis.
- Listeria Monocytogenes.
- Pale Treponema.
- Leptospirosis.
- Tick-borne borreziosis.
Acquired resistance to active substances, the following bacteria are characterized by the drug:
- Streptococcus Viridans.
- Pneumococcus.
- Enterococcus Faecium.
- Corynebacterium.
- Shigella.
- Escherichia.
- Salmonella.
- Klebsiella.
- Proteus.
The following microorganisms exhibit natural resistance to a combination of amoxicillin and clavulanic acid:
- Acinetobacter.
- Yersinia Enterocolitics.
- Citrobacter.
- Stenotrophomonas.
- Enterobacter.
- Pseudomonads.
- Hafnium.
- Serration.
- Legionellosis.
- Providence.
- Morgana Bacteria.
- Mycoplasma.
- Chlamydia Psitaki.
- Coxiosis
Both components show excellent ability to dissolve in aqueous solutions that have a physiological pH value, and after oral administration of Amoxiclav tablets, it is instantly and absolutely completely absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract.
The sensitivity of microorganisms to treatment with Amoxicillin alone, as a rule, means a similar sensitivity to the combination of amoxicillin and clavulanic acid.
Indications
According to the instructions for use, Amoxiclav tablets are recommended for adults and children for the treatment of infectious and inflammatory diseases provoked by microorganisms sensitive to the drug.
The drug is indicated for certain infections:
- Acute and chronic sinusitis (inflammatory process of the mucous membrane of the sinuses).
- Otitis media (an inflammatory process of an infectious origin that affects the middle ear and connects the cavity with it).
- Tonsillitis (an inflammatory process in the tonsils, which appears due to the influence of bacteria or viruses on lymphoid tissue).
- A pharyngeal abscess (an infectious lesion that is accompanied by the formation of an abscess on the back of the larynx).
- Pharyngitis (inflammation in the mucous cavity of the posterior pharyngeal wall).
- Chronic bronchitis (diffuse inflammatory disease in the bronchi, which leads to morphological changes in the bronchial wall and peribronchial tissue).
- Acute bronchitis with bacterial superinfection (the inflammatory process of the bronchial tree, which is characterized by increased bronchial secretion and impaired patency of the bronchi).
- Pneumonia (acute lung disease of infectious and inflammatory origin, which involves all elements of the lung tissue, usually the alveoli and interstitial lung tissue).
- The bite of animals and humans.
According to the instructions, INN "Amoksiklava" in the form of injections is recommended for the following diseases:
- Infections of the abdominal cavity.
- Gonorrhea (a sexually transmitted disease that is sexually transmitted and occurs with damage to the cylindrical epithelium of the urogenital tract).
- Soft chancre (an infectious disease that is transmitted only sexually and manifests itself in the form of multiple sores on the genitals).
- As a preventive measure, it prevents infections after surgery.
When is it forbidden to use the drug?
According to the instructions, tablets "Amoxiclav" 500 mg are prohibited for use in the presence of the following diseases:
- Cholestatic jaundice (pathology in the body, which is accompanied by a lack of access to bile in the intestine).
- Hepatitis (an inflammatory process in the liver tissue as a result of a toxic, as well as an infectious or autoimmune process).
- Hypersensitivity to penicillin preparations, clavulanic acid, amoxicillin.
- Infectious mononucleosis (acute viral lesion, which is characterized by a fever, damage to the pharynx, lymph nodes, spleen).
- Lymphocytic leukemia (an oncological disease accompanied by the accumulation of atypical mature B-lymphocytes in the peripheral blood, as well as in the liver, spleen, lymph nodes and bone marrow).
According to the instructions for use, Amoxiclav 125 mg is prescribed with extreme caution when:
- Pseudomembranous colitis (an acute disease of the large intestine provoked by clostridia and appearing when antibiotics or other drugs are used).
- Liver disease.
- Severe kidney damage.
The possibility of using Amoxiclav for women in the "position" and during lactation must be decided with the doctor individually.
Treatment regimen
According to the instructions for use with Amoxiclav 500 mg , it is known that the drug must be consumed during meals, which helps to reduce the likelihood of adverse reactions from the digestive system.
The average duration of therapy varies from five to fourteen days. Longer treatment is possible only after a second examination by a doctor.
The regimen of receiving INN "Amoxiclav" (amoxicillin + clavulanic acid) and the duration of treatment is determined by a medical specialist depending on the severity of the disease, age, kidney function of the patient and weight.
The recommended dosage regimen for tablets for children under the age of twelve is 40 milligrams per kilogram per day, which is divided into three uses.
For children weighing more than forty kilograms, adult drug concentrations are recommended. For patients under six years of age, suspension is permitted.
According to the instructions for use with Amoxiclav, adults with mild to moderate disease are prescribed:
- Every eight hours, 1 tablet is 250 + 125 milligrams.
- Every twelve hours, 1 tablet is 500 + 125 milligrams.
In severe infections and respiratory infections, you need to take one tablet 500 + 125 mg every 8 hours or every 12 hours one tablet 875 + 125 milligrams.
According to the instructions for Amoxiclav 500 mg, it is known that for odontogenic infections for five days, 1 tablet with a concentration of 250 + 125 mg every eight hours or 1 tablet 500 + 125 milligrams every 12 hours is prescribed.
For newborns and children up to three months, the drug is prescribed in the form of a suspension at the rate of 30 milligrams per kilogram of weight per day. Amoxiclav is also consumed every twelve hours. To comply with the dosing regimen, you must use a special pipette, which is attached to the package.
According to the instructions for use, it is known that the daily concentration of the drug for children from three months is:
- For mild to moderate disease, from 20 milligrams per kilogram per day are prescribed.
- In severe infections and in the elimination of lower respiratory infections, as well as otitis media and sinusitis, up to 40 mg per kilogram of body weight per day.
It must be borne in mind that when calculating the concentrations of the drug, it is necessary to rely not on the age of the small patient, but on the weight and severity of the disease. The solution for injections "Amoksiklav" is administered strictly only intravenously. For babies younger than three months, dosage is calculated based on the following factors:
- For children weighing up to four kilograms, the drug is administered at a concentration of 30 mg / kg every twelve hours.
- For small patients from four kilograms, the drug is administered at a dose of 30 mg / kg every eight hours.
For children who are not yet 3 months old, the injection solution should be used only infusion for forty minutes. For children whose weight does not exceed forty kilograms, the dosage is selected taking into account body weight.
For babies from three months to twelve years of age, Amoxiclav is administered at a concentration of 30 mg / kg body weight every eight hours, and in severe infections, every six hours. In children with identified impaired renal function, a dosage adjustment may be required, which is based on the maximum recommended concentration of the active substance (amoxicillin).
Adverse reactions
According to the instructions for use with Amoxiclav tablets, it is known that the drug can lead to the following negative manifestations:
- Anemia (a disease characterized by a decrease in hemoglobin in the blood, in most cases, while reducing the number of red blood cells).
- Eosinophilia (a lesion in which there is an increase in the number of eosinophils).
- Thrombocytopenia (a pathology that is characterized by a decrease in the number of platelets circulating in the peripheral blood).
- Agranulocytosis (a pathological process in which there is a decrease in the level of leukocytes due to granulocytes and monocytes).
- Leukopenia (a pathological condition in which the number of leukocytes in the blood plasma becomes less than the lower reference values).
- Diarrhea (a disease in which frequent or single emptying of a person’s intestines occurs, during which stool of a liquid consistency is released).
- Flatulence (increased flatulence in the intestines).
- Gastritis (a long-running disease that is characterized by dystrophic-inflammatory changes in the gastric mucosa).
- Nausea
- Dyspepsia (a violation of the normal functioning of the stomach, as well as a disease characterized by difficult and painful digestion).
- Glossitis (a lesion of the tongue of inflammatory genesis, which can occur as an independent disease or be a manifestation of other diseases).
- Stomatitis (inflammatory process of the oral mucosa of various etiologies).
- Anorexia (a disease based on neuropsychiatric disorder, manifested by an obsessive desire for weight loss).
- Enterocolitis (acute and chronic diseases of the digestive system, which is characterized by inflammation of the mucous membrane of the small and large intestines).
- Inappropriate behavior.
- Overexcitation.
- Confused consciousness.
- Insomnia (insomnia).
- Dizziness.
- Headache.
- Nettle rash.
- Swelling.
- Rashes.
- Exfoliative dermatitis (a severe infectious lesion of the skin of newborns, which is a malignant variant of pemphigus).
- Epidermal toxic necrolysis (a serious disease accompanied by rejection of the surface layer of the skin and impaired functioning of the internal organs).
- Stevens-Johnson Syndrome (acute bullous damage to the mucous membranes and skin of an allergic nature).
- Erythema multiforme (acute inflammatory process relating to dermatological integuments and mucous membranes).
- Interstitial nephritis (a common ailment characterized by acute or chronic abacterial inflammation of the interstitial tissue and tubules of the kidneys).
- Hematuria (a condition in which red blood cells appear in the urine).
- Superinfection (a condition in which a person with the presence of one infection simultaneously becomes infected with the second).
In most situations, side effects when using the drug are mild and transient.
In case of drug poisoning, the patient should be under the supervision of a medical specialist, who, if necessary, prescribes a comprehensive treatment.
Features
The use of a medication while eating reduces the risk of side effects from the stomach and intestines. With the course of treatment, it is important to monitor the functioning of the liver, hematopoiesis and kidneys. In severe renal impairment, the doctor should adjust the dosage regimen or increase the time interval between the use of the drug.
If during therapy with the drug Amoxiclav, a person is diagnosed with negative effects from the central nervous system, you need to refrain from driving a car and performing work that requires increased attention.
Pregnancy
With the "interesting position" of the woman and breastfeeding, the use of the medication should be carried out only in a situation where the potential benefit of therapy for the mother significantly exceeds the likely risks to the health of the child.
According to the instructions for use with Amoxiclav tablets, it is known that clavulanic acid and amoxicillin in small concentrations penetrate into milk. In newborns who are breastfed, diarrhea, candidiasis of the mucous membranes of the mouth may occur, therefore, if necessary, drug therapy is advisable to stop lactation.
Generics "Amoksiklava"
Analogues of the drug are:
- "Bactoclav".
- Panklav.
- "Medoklav".
- "Augmentin."
- "Rapiclava".
- "Ecoclave".
- Amoxivan.
- Ampioks.
- Tazocin.
- Sulacillin.
- Ampiside.
Before replacing the drug, it is recommended to consult a specialist.
Storage conditions
The shelf life of tablets and powder for the manufacture of the solution is twenty-four months. keep the medicine in a dry place, at a temperature of no more than twenty-five degrees.
The shelf life of the finished suspension is seven days. Ready mix needs to be stored at a temperature from two to eight degrees of heat. The drug is dispensed according to the doctor’s prescription, since Amoxiclav is an antibiotic.
Reviews
As a rule, medical specialists and patients leave positive feedback about Amoxiclav. They confirm the increased effectiveness of this antimicrobial agent in eliminating respiratory diseases, and treatment can be given not only to adults, but also to children.
There are reviews about the results of Amoxiclav therapy for infectious diseases of the genital tract, as well as otitis media and sinusitis. For adults, medication is usually prescribed at a dosage of 875 mg / 125 milligrams, and with the right concentration of the active substance, the unpleasant symptoms of the disease are eliminated quite quickly.
But patients report that after therapy with this antibacterial agent, it is necessary to use drugs that are responsible for stabilizing the intestinal microflora.
Moms also respond positively to a suspension that babies like due to their pleasant taste. The cost of Amoxiclav varies from 150 to 800 rubles, depending on the form of release.