Due to stress, many people may experience functional disorders related to the gastrointestinal tract. They are treated quickly and without much difficulty, but ignoring them can lead to serious consequences. Next, let's talk about the symptoms, causes and methods of therapy.
GIT Functions
Before considering the most popular functional disorders of the gastrointestinal tract in children and adults, it is necessary to understand what options this body system performs.
Most often, pathologies are associated with digestive problems. Most of them are not characterized by any organic changes in the type of infections, tumors, and so on. To understand the causes of the disorders, you should know all the options of the gastrointestinal tract. Consider them.
- Propulsion. It allows you to chew, swallow, move food throughout the body and remove undigested residues. This function is carried out due to the musculature.
- Suction. It provides the consumption of all nutrients in the blood and lymph through special walls of the tract.
- Excretory. Thanks to this function, various substances of metabolic products are removed into the gastrointestinal tract. It can be ammonia, salts and so on. After a while, they are completely eliminated from the body.
- Sectorial. This function allows the production of gastric juice, saliva, bile, and so on.
Each of the departments of the gastrointestinal tract fulfills its own special purpose. When functional disorders of the gastrointestinal tract occur in young children and adults, then all options get lost. As a result, a person has unpleasant symptoms. During the examination, the specialist does not find pathological disorders or changes in the organs. It is in this case that we are talking about functional problems.
Common symptoms
In order for a person to not have such problems, he should adhere to all preventive recommendations. Functional disorders of the gastrointestinal tract in children, the clinical manifestations of which will be discussed later, and in adults have common indicators. We will describe them.
The most common symptoms are pain in the intestines, stomach, and some other organs. Heartburn can often occur. It becomes an indicator of changes in the level of acidity in the stomach.
Another symptom is considered pain behind the sternum. However, she speaks not only about problems with the digestive tract, but also the heart. Belching, bloating, nausea, and a lump in the throat are common symptoms. But they can also indicate other pathologies, since they are popular manifestations.
Causes of violations in the digestive tract
For various reasons, functional disorders of the gastrointestinal tract may appear. ICD-10 code: from K00 to K93. These classes combine all the problems associated with the digestive tract.
It should be noted that modern diagnostic methods have revealed the following fact: problems with the motor activity of the gastrointestinal tract in no way affect the functions of the system itself. In the 80s of the last century, a theory appeared that the state of the tract is influenced by a psychogenic factor. However, the majority of patients with a similar pathology did not have any mental problems. That is why in modern times, one of the main reasons is considered to be a violation of the perception of a certain type of sent impulses. A person may be aware of them as pain. Any disease of the nervous system can cause such a reaction. Functional disorders of the gastrointestinal tract can occur due to bad habits, stress, taking medications and so on.
Most popular issues
Common problems are reflux disease. It manifests itself as heartburn. If we talk about more severe symptoms, then laryngitis, pharyngitis, bronchitis, pneumonia with cases of relapse and so on can occur. This problem manifests itself in the fact that the contents of the stomach are thrown into the esophagus.
A frequent functional violation of the digestive tract (code MBK-10: K30) is dyspepsia. It is characterized by pain in the epigastric region, as well as other unpleasant sensations. Most often, this disease occurs due to problems with motor function that appear in the upper parts of the tract.
Another popular syndrome is irritable bowel. It causes flatulence, rumbling, diarrhea and constipation. Such symptoms are formed due to problems with the nervous system and hormones.
Reflux disease
This ailment can appear due to a hernia, increased pressure, the use of a large amount of fatty foods, decreased tone of the esophagus. The problem is manifested by heartburn, belching, pain. Pressure may also appear that occurs after eating. That is why it is important not to drink alcohol, juices and sparkling water.
With advanced cases, the patient develops dysphagia, chest pressure, vomiting and salivary discharge. Pain can be given to the arm, neck, back, and so on.
The most common problem is the manifestation of reflux without the formation of esophagitis. For the diagnosis, such tools as a general urinalysis, a test for certain bacteria, ultrasound of the abdominal cavity and others can be used. To exclude serious pathologies, you should also visit a cardiologist, pulmonologist, ENT, and surgeon.
Treatment of the problem is based on symptoms. Nitrates, theophylline, calcium, and beta blockers may be prescribed. If the patient has a disturbed diet, then you should begin to follow a diet. You need to eat vegetables, eggs, fruits, especially those that contain vitamin A. Drinks and products that have an absorbent effect should be excluded. Eat six times a day in small portions. After the meal, you should relax, do not exercise and do not tilt the body.
Functional dyspepsia
It is necessary to separately consider such a functional violation of the digestive tract as dyspepsia. We describe the possible manifestations of the disease.
In the presence of a dyskinetic form of the problem, a person has a feeling of early satiation, gastrointestinal overflow, as well as bloating. Sometimes nausea may appear. With a nonspecific form of the disease, a wide variety of symptoms can occur (not an agreed proposal). Most likely, all of them will be quite common as manifestations of other pathologies. Treatment depends on the complaints of the individual patient.
When diagnosing, special measures are carried out that distinguish functional dyspepsia from biological. It is given for analysis of feces, blood, the body is checked for infections. You should also send a feces test to see if they have lymph.
If there is a need for medical treatment, then the patient is prescribed special therapy, designed for two months. Most often, antibiotics are prescribed, adsorbing, antisecretory and prokinetic drugs. It should be noted that there is no general treatment tactic. It completely depends on the symptoms that need to be stopped, and the reasons.
General treatments
In order to cure functional disorders of the gastrointestinal tract, it is necessary to conduct a thorough diagnosis and exclude any organic changes. The complexity of therapy lies in the fact that all such problems can have a large number of causes and various symptoms.
The doctor gives such recommendations: abandon bad habits, stop taking medications that can affect the digestive tract, start a diet. If the patient has problems with the psychological state (depression or hypochondria), then the specialist has the right to prescribe anxiolytics and other drugs of this group.
Disorders of the stomach
Problems with the stomach are also included in the list of functional disorders of the gastrointestinal tract. (ICD-10: K31). They include a huge number of pathologies that affect functions such as motility and secretory. However, no major changes are recorded. Symptoms of dyspepsia, as well as pain, may appear. In order to make a diagnosis, various measures are prescribed, for example, sounding, ultrasound or x-ray. The treatment is only medication. An important role is played by diet and rejection of bad habits.
Treating stomach problems
Therapy completely depends on the cause of the appearance of a functional violation of the gastrointestinal tract and separately the stomach itself. Clinical features are also taken into account. It is necessary to change the diet. Food should be taken four times a day. One of them should be accompanied by the use of a hot liquid dish. It is necessary to abandon those products that are able to irritate the mucous membrane. We are talking about pickled, fatty, spicy dishes. Most often, when a patient identifies such problems, they are quickly solved completely or partially by adjusting the diet and diet. Often in such situations there is not even a need for medical treatment.
If the patient has neurovegetative functional disorders of the gastrointestinal tract and stomach, then they can be eliminated by taking anticholinergics with a sedative effect. Tranquilizers and herbal remedies also help. In the most severe cases, antidepressants are prescribed.
If you need to remove the pain effect and restore the motor option, then you should drink antispasmodics.
Forecast
In the presence of functional disorders of the gastrointestinal tract (ICD code is written above in the article), as a rule, the prognosis is favorable. The main thing is to make a diagnosis on time and start treatment. It is important to work on your diet. You should get rid of stress, as well as more rest. If the problem arose in adolescence, then it will most likely pass on its own within two to three years. This is due to the fact that on the basis of hormonal adjustment, the neurovegetative system begins to work poorly.
If you do not start treatment on time and start the problem, then more serious consequences may occur. Provocateurs are a violation of diet, stress.
Summary
As is clear from the above information, so that such problems do not arise, you should lead a healthy lifestyle, abandon malnutrition and avoid stressful situations. Sometimes functional disorders can appear in adolescents due to a change in the hormonal background in the body.