Modi diabetes is a type of adult diabetes in young people. The abbreviation MODY (from the English maturity onset diabetes of the young) appeared only in 1975. A disease of hereditary nature is manifested only in 3-5% of cases of diabetes. Today in Russia it is possible to diagnose modi diabetes only in Novosibirsk or Moscow. We study in more detail a rare disease, its symptoms, causes, differences and, of course, the treatment regimen.
Unlike other forms of diabetes
With the development of genetics and endocrinology, it has been established that the disease is inherited in an autosomal dominant manner. The reason for this is the mutation of genes that are responsible for the correct and accurate operation of the islet apparatus of the pancreas.
It is quite difficult to determine the mutation, since lesions can occur in one area of eight genes, therefore, today there are eight subtypes of diabetes-MODY. Such forms of pathology differ in the clinical picture and treatment regimen. With normal diabetes, the patient has a violation in several genes at the same time.
How does inheritance work?
It is important to pay attention to the fact that diabetes by the modi type is congenital and it will be impossible to completely cure it. Inheritance of such a disease occurs according to two basic principles:
- Autosomal inheritance, in which a gene is transmitted with ordinary chromosomes rather than genital genes. In this case, modi diabetes can develop equally in both the boy and the girl. This type of disease is considered the most common and quite easily amenable to drug therapy.
- Dominant inheritance, which occurs on the basis of transmission by sex genes, that is, at least one dominant is manifested.
If one of the parents or close blood relatives is diagnosed with the usual variant of the pathology, there is a rather high probability that the child may develop modi diabetes.
Diagnostic Features
The analysis takes a long period of time. Initially, in laboratory conditions, DNA is extracted from a blood cell, and then it is broken down into smaller sections. In the process of diagnosis, all 13 genes that can contain “breakdowns” are checked. Research can be carried out either manually or using special devices. If the results of manual and hardware diagnostics are the same, then only then we can talk about the development of diabetes modi diabetes. The duration of the diagnosis of one gene is up to one month.
What tests are being tested?
Since it is difficult to recognize the disease, doctors prescribe a large number of laboratory tests. Diagnosis of modi-type diabetes begins with a consultation with a geneticist, who necessarily identifies all close relatives who have common diabetes. To do this, relatives should perform a blood test. In addition, the patient must provide the results of such studies:
- Hormonal blood test.
- General and biochemical analysis of blood.
- Advanced genetic blood test.
- HLA blood test.
First warning signs
It is possible to suspect that a child may suffer from inherited type diabetes mellitus according to the following criteria:
- Violation of normal blood circulation, due to which the skin can quickly redden or turn pale for no reason.
- Blood pressure jumps.
- Elevated body temperature.
- Rapid weight loss due to accelerated metabolism.
- A constant feeling of hunger.
- Frequent urination and a large amount of urine.
Minor symptoms
The clinical picture can be very similar to the development and course of type 1 diabetes. But at the same time, there are such signs of the disease:
- A sufficiently long period of remission (at least one year), and a violation of the normal functioning of the organs and systems of the patient’s body is not observed at all. In medicine, this phenomenon is also called the "honeymoon."
- After an asymptomatic course, ketoacidosis does not develop.
- Cells that produce insulin retain their functionality in full, as evidenced by the level of C-peptide in normal amounts in blood plasma.
- With the introduction of insulin, even at the lowest dosage, very good compensation is observed.
- Values of glycated hemoglobin do not exceed 8%.
- There is no communication with the HLA system.
- Antibodies to beta cells and insulin are not detected during the diagnosis of modi diabetes.
MODY-diabetes: types of diseases
In modern medical practice, only six forms of hereditary disease are distinguished, which differ in symptoms. It is believed that the most gentle form of the pathology of the endocrine system is diabetes modi diabetes 2. In its development, hyperglycemia (that is, a condition in which the glucose level is above 7 mmol / l) is extremely rare. It is also worth noting that with this form of diabetes mellitus, as a concomitant disease, ketoocytosis, namely, a violation of the carbohydrate balance due to insulin deficiency, is not observed. As world statistics show, the largest number of people who have been diagnosed with this type of disease live in France and Spain. The reasons for this have not yet been identified.
But, unfortunately, such a clinical picture does not accompany all forms of pathology. Modi-diabetes 1 is the most rare form of the disease, which is found in only 1% of people suffering from the disease. The disease is very severe and often fatal.
MODY-3 is most often found among residents of European countries, namely the Netherlands and Germany. As a rule, this disease begins in children over 10 years old and often leads to serious complications and diseases of the endocrine system.
If we talk about modi diabetes 4, then more often the pathology manifests itself in children in adolescence 15-17 years. There are suggestions that the main negative factor in its development is hormonal disorders in the body, but this has not yet been proven by official medicine.
The course of the MODY-5 disease in its own way is quite similar to the clinical picture of modi-diabetes 2. However, when complications arise, there is a big risk of developing diabetic nephropathy, that is, a change in the structure of the renal vessels against the background of diabetes mellitus.
The subtypes MODY-4, MODY-6 are so rare that practicing endocrinologists are not even recommended to look for them.
Drug therapy
In addition to abandoning bad habits and developing a special diet, the patient should regularly visit the attending physician. In most cases, the treatment of modi diabetes is limited to the development of proper nutrition for the patient and moderate physical activity. The transition to insulin therapy is necessary only when the puberty occurs, that is, when significant changes in the hormonal background are observed.
In some cases, sugar-lowering drugs may be added to drug therapy: Glibenclamide, Glipizid, Acarbose, Glitazon, Nateglinide, and others.
Alternative methods of treatment
The main purpose of using traditional medicine methods is to normalize the level of glucose in the blood, as well as eliminate the malfunction in the hormonal system of the child. Treatment based on alternative medicine methods should be carried out only with the permission of the attending geneticist. Despite its simplicity, many methods can restore metabolic processes, as well as cleanse the body of decay products, toxins and other harmful substances. We will study in more detail the popular effective methods of traditional medicine in more detail.
The following decoctions of herbs are considered hormone-and insulin-like:
- Dry ground burdock roots boil in water for 15-20 minutes. The broth is infused for 30-40 minutes, after which it is taken three times a day.
- Flowers of meadow (red) clover are brewed in water for up to 20 minutes. After the drink has completely cooled, take a decoction three times a day.
- Shredded dry grass of dioica nettle is poured with a glass of boiling water and infused for 30 minutes. A medicinal decoction is taken three times a day.
To restore metabolic processes and cleanse the body, traditional healers advise using decoctions from the rhizome of wheat grass creeping, dry linden flowers, plantain leaves, knotweed grass or hypericum. It is necessary to use infusions in the form of heat 3-4 times a day. If an allergic reaction occurs, discontinue treatment with alternative methods immediately.
To avoid the manifestation of vivid symptoms of modi diabetes in a child, you should limit the use of sweets and introduce into the diet drinks that contain sugar that is well absorbed by the body, namely an infusion of such medicinal plants:
- Strawberry leaves.
- Raspberry leaves
- The roots of burdock.
- Peppermint.
- Leaves and shoots of blueberries.
- Medicinal dandelion.
- Dog-rose fruit.
- Chamomile flowers.
- Blackberry.
Is a full life possible with diabetes?
Judging by the reviews, many people with modi diabetes do not understand what to do when this disease is detected, whether it is worth agreeing to drug therapy. For this reason they:
- they are afraid to make further decisions about treatment;
- excessively limit themselves in nutrition;
- avoid physical activity;
- limit themselves to travel;
- spend less time on walks in the fresh air.
In fact, with diabetes of the modi type, a child or adolescent can quite realistically lead a healthy and active lifestyle, however, adhering to the elementary recommendations of doctors. At the first stage of the disease, it is quite enough to develop a balanced, balanced diet and perform correctly selected physical exercises. Judging by the reviews and advice of doctors, today practice:
- Yoga.
- Breathing exercises.
Complications and consequences
In case of untimely contact with a specialist or with an incorrectly prescribed treatment regimen, complications arise in the form of a diabetic foot, impaired renal function, loss of sensation in the extremities, damage to the retina, which leads to blindness. In this case, there is also a high risk of developing cardiovascular diseases and diabetic angiopathy, that is, fragility of blood vessels.
When asked by doctors at a forum about diabetes-modi in adolescents, one can often find advice: "sit and wait for sugar to be over 11." Do not believe such recommendations, which can only lead to the development of complications. When the first signs of diabetes mellitus appear, the child should be immediately examined by qualified doctors.