The sigmoid colon is a hollow organ in the end of the large intestine, which is located in the left abdomen. At the same time, medical data confirm that its bends can reach the right hypochondrium or midline. This education does not take an active part in the digestion process, only feces are formed in it. In various diseases of the sigmoid colon, serious intestinal disturbances appear, and they also affect the normal functioning of adjacent organs. Some diseases (for example, a malignant epithelial tumor of the sigmoid colon) lead to a threat to the patient's life.
Sigmoid colon: inflammatory diseases
This group of diseases is positioned as inflammation of sigma and is one of the varieties of colitis. Two forms of this pathology are determined - acute and chronic. Symptoms of acute sigmoiditis are pain in the iliac region, the color and intensity of the stool changes. The chronic form of this disease of the sigmoid colon is manifested by pain during bowel movements or after it, alternating diarrhea with constipation occurs. In very severe cases, patients complain of vomiting, nausea, bloating. This is a surgical symptom, since the main manifestation of inflammation is intestinal obstruction. In the case when the inflammatory process of the sigmoid colon continues, a fusion of the intestine with adjacent organs may occur.
For a structure such as the sigmoid colon, diseases are characterized by staging, and therefore include mandatory bed rest during exacerbation, a strict diet. The patient is prescribed spasmological, sedative and antibacterial drugs, using herbal tinctures. In the chronic stage, the severity of symptoms is mild. In this case, regardless of the form of sigmoiditis, it can be completely cured, and you should consult a doctor, because constant inflammation is an etiological factor in the development of cancer complications of a malignant or benign nature.
Sigmoid colon: diseases of dysembryogenesis
This group of diseases is represented by diverticulosis. These diseases are very rare at a young age, but the main symptoms can occur by around the age of 50. Patients are increasingly beginning to feel such disorders as stool retention, a feeling of fullness in the abdomen, flatulence. This disease greatly affects intestinal function, in particular, this violates the natural passage of feces. In case of failure to provide timely treatment, abscess formation, purulent peritonitis, bleeding and other destructive processes may develop.
If the disease proceeds in a milder form, then the patient does not need to be hospitalized. Quite enough treatment at home. Antibiotics are prescribed and more fluids are recommended. Compliance with a strict diet and bed rest. If a positive result is not observed, the patient is sent to a hospital. The prognosis of treatment often depends on the severity of the disease and the age of the patient.
Sigmoid colon: oncological diseases
For such a structure of the human body as the sigmoid colon, pathologies are characterized by a peculiar etiology, which especially concerns oncology issues. The connection with the constant presence of fluid-poor stool and sigma cancer has been fully proven. Symptoms of this disease are abdominal pain, intestinal obstruction, nausea, bloating.
Treatment of the disease is carried out after delivery and verification of all tests and a full examination of the patient. In diagnostics, the main role is played by laboratory data and a biopsy. All this is aimed at establishing the size of the polyp or adenocarcinoma of the sigmoid colon and the exact location. In addition to these frequent types of oncological pathologies, sigmoid colon diseases are classified due to the difference in the sources of tumor origin. From the epithelial layer, an adenoma develops, and from the submucosa of the epithelial lining, a polyp of the sigmoid colon. Cancer treatment is carried out both surgical and pharmacological methods. Chemotherapy is used as an adjunct measure to help remove tumor cells.