Intestinal anatomy is quite specific. Its length is about 4 meters. And after the cessation of the functioning of the body, it increases to 15 m. The intestine anatomy is examined to identify various kinds of anomalies and pathologies. One of them is the displacement of the organ down - ptosis. Let us further consider in detail for what reasons bowel prolapse occurs. Symptoms and treatment of pathology will also be described in the article.
Causes
The omission of the intestine, the symptoms and treatment of which are determined only after a comprehensive diagnosis, is caused, first of all, by an abnormality in the development of the organ at an early age. Equally important in this is the genetic predisposition. Given that the length of the intestines in an adult is large enough, the organ must be firmly attached by connective tissue. However, due to some individual characteristics of the body, its fixation is rather weak. This may be due to decreased muscle tone. In tall people, the connective tissues that hold the organ are rather weak. A bowel prolapse can be caused by a low diaphragm. It is a partition between the peritoneum and sternum. Often an anomaly occurs due to lordosis - a decrease in the bend of the lumbar. The omission of the intestine in some cases is acquired. Such an anomaly can occur in people involved in hard physical work or sports. In such situations, overstraining and overstretching of the muscles occurs. Often, pathology is detected in people who are overweight and in the short term have lost extra pounds. Downward movement of an organ can be caused by external interference. In particular, bowel prolapse is often diagnosed in people after transudate removal, surgical excision of large cysts and tumors. Often, pathology appears in women who have repeatedly given birth, or have had a multiple pregnancy. In some cases, the displacement of the organ is associated with gastroptosis - prolapse of the stomach. In such cases, the normal progress and digestion of food is disrupted. Food stagnates, bowel loops become heavier. As a result, pressure begins on the organ located below.
Clinical picture
Intestinal prolapse is an anomaly that causes significant discomfort. Pathology manifests itself in the form of dull pain in the abdomen. It can have a pulling or aching character. As a rule, pain is localized in the iliac region on the right, lower abdomen, in the groin and lower back. Often, patients talk about unpleasant sensations in the abdominal cavity arising in a standing position. Usually they disappear when taking a horizontal position. Pathology is characterized by private headaches, nausea, and frequent fatigue. With bowel prolapse, an accumulation of gases (flatulence) begins, constipation becomes chronic. In men, urination additionally becomes more frequent, and in women there is soreness during menstruation.
Diagnostics
The intestines of an adult, as well as the child, with suspected pathology, are examined by complex methods. In the first place, of course, the doctor talks with the patient, finds out the nature of the pain, localization. As part of the examination, palpation (palpation) of the abdominal cavity is carried out. In addition, instrumental methods are also used. These include:
- Irrigoscopy.
- General survey radiography of the peritoneum. This study is performed first in a horizontal, then in a vertical position of the patient's body.
- Ultrasound
- CT
Many patients are interested in how an intestinal irrigoscopy is performed , what is it? This study is performed using a radiopaque substance. The organ is filled with it and is seen through. It is worth saying that among the most informative diagnostic methods, one of the leading positions is occupied by intestinal irrigoscopy. Almost all patients who have problems with the digestive system know what this is.
Therapy
Treatment is usually carried out by a conservative method. In therapy, exercise therapy is used, massage, a special diet is prescribed. In some cases, the doctor recommends using a bandage. As practice shows, surgery is prescribed in two situations. First of all, surgery is recommended if all conservative methods have been tried and have not yielded results, and the signs of the disease are intensifying. If we talk about the second situation, then we must first mention what threatens the prolapse of the intestine. This pathology can provoke a violation of the blood supply to the peritoneal organs, complete or partial obstruction. In such difficult cases, surgical interventions are performed. Meanwhile, doctors even after a successful operation do not guarantee that the problems will completely disappear and there will be no relapse (recurrence). Without the participation of the patient himself, his efforts to achieve a lasting positive effect are almost impossible.
Bandage
The health status of those patients who use special devices is much better. The principle of operation of the compression bandage. To keep the intestine in a normal position, external pressure is applied to the wall of the peritoneum, created artificially. The bandage should be selected by the doctor individually, taking into account the characteristics of the patient's body, the clinical picture. He is worn in the morning in a horizontal position. To do this, the patient lies on his back and slightly lifts the pelvic area. Remove the bandage should also be in a supine position in the evening before bedtime. It should be remembered that even after wearing the device and a fairly stable remission, the intensification of new symptoms is not excluded.
Exercise therapy
Therapeutic exercises help strengthen the muscles of the peritoneum. Exercises during ptosis are aimed at increasing the tone of the side and front of the muscles. In the process of training involved direct and oblique external, internal, transverse, square lumbar and iliac-lumbar muscles. Also, during ptosis, it is necessary to perform exercises that strengthen the diaphragm and striated muscles of the pelvic floor. In the initial stages, for 2-3 weeks, gymnastics is performed on the back, on an inclined plane (elevated in the region of the lower extremities).
Exercises
Each movement should be repeated 5-6 times:
- A book should be placed between the navel and the ribs on the stomach. Hands extend along the body, legs should be straight. Breathing begins using the diaphragm. In this case, the book should rise by inhalation, and lower as it exhale.
- Legs straight, arms along the body. The lower limbs rise one by one.
- Hands are also along the body, legs are straight. Both lower limbs on the exhale rise above the floor, held in this position for about 5 seconds. Leg lowering is carried out slowly on exhalation.
- All previous actions are repeated, but after raising the limbs, “scissors” movements are made left-right, up-down.
- Legs bend at the knees, arms along the body. It is necessary to lean on the back of the head, elbows and feet. The pelvis slowly rises up and also returns to its original position.
- Legs are straight, arms are along the body. The right lower limb is bent on inspiration in the knee and pulled by the hands to the body, then returns to its original position. A similar movement is performed by the left foot.
- Starting position as in the previous exercise. On exhalation, both legs are bent at the knees, pressed against the stomach. Then you need to return to its original position.
- Movement "bike".
Gymnastics standing
After 2-3 weeks of exercise while lying down, you can move on to more complex exercises:
- Walking on the spot. In this case, you need to raise your hips high. The duration of the exercise is 1 min.
- Legs are put together, hands are lowered. The upper limbs on inspiration rise up. At the same time, the leg is retracted. The toe of the foot touches the floor. On exhalation, the initial position should be taken.
- Hands along the body, legs together. On inspiration, the upper limbs are bent apart, while the leg is bent back. The toe of the foot should touch the floor. On exhalation, the initial position should be taken.
- The exercise is similar to the previous one, only the leg is set aside. Repeat five times.
- Stand with your back to the wall at a distance of about 35 cm. Feet should be placed shoulder width apart, arms bent at the elbows. Turns are carried out by the body with the palms touching the wall with a delay of 10 seconds in this position.
Gymnastics should be done every day, after eating after 2 hours. Duration of classes 10-15 minutes. After exercise, it is recommended to lie down for 25 minutes on an inclined plane raised in the legs.
Prevention
Of course, people cannot correct their anthropometric parameters. All preventive measures, in this regard, can only be reduced to maintaining a healthy lifestyle. It is necessary to eat properly, not to be physically overloaded. If we talk about the prevention of acquired ptosis, then here you also need to monitor the loads, your own weight, do not try to lose weight quickly. During pregnancy, it is recommended to wear a special bandage.
Forecasts
Bowel prolapse is a serious enough problem. If you untimely see a doctor, delaying treatment, the risk of complications is high. In men, due to constant pressure on the bladder, as well as the prostate, incontinence, adenoma, and prostatitis can develop. In women, the uterus and ovaries suffer. Problems with these organs threaten infertility, inflammation in the pelvic organs. In addition, ptosis is accompanied by digestive problems. High risk of intestinal obstruction, life-threatening.