The structure of the nasal membrane can be disturbed for various reasons. In any case, its restoration is necessary. Treatment should be selected by a qualified doctor after receiving tests and identifying the factors that led to the problem. Timely treatment of the nasal mucosa is necessary. This will enhance human health. The causes and treatment of dry mucous membranes in the nose are described in the article.
Causes
The nasal mucosa is injured by various negative factors. And since the causes and treatment of dryness of the nasal mucosa are interconnected, it is important to determine the factors that led to this. The reason for this is considered to be improper strongly prolonged use of nasal drops with a vasoconstrictor effect. These substances dry the nasal cavity, lead to disruption of microflora, which provokes the drug form of the common cold.
The disease appears from a constant swelling in the nose, stops only a new dose of the drug. But the surfaces are also thinning, and dropping drops without medication will not work. As a result, we need a surgical operation of varying amounts of intervention for better nose breathing.
Also, a mucosal disorder occurs due to:
- constant inhalation of dirty air, for example, when working in a chemical industry;
- ingestion of a foreign body in the nose;
- addiction;
- inhaling burning steam;
- curvature of the septum of the nose, which leads to a narrowing of the nasal passages and complication of the correct outflow of secretion;
- chronic ailments of the kidneys, heart, blood vessels, thyroid gland.
Temporary signs of damage to the nasal cavity are observed after surgery. They also appear from the use of drugs that burn the inner shell of the nose.
Hypertrophic rhinitis
This is a polyetiological disease that can progress for a long time. It is presented in the form of a thickening of the nasal mucosa and hyperplasia of the tissues under it, replacing the epithelium with connective tissues. The disease develops from:
- frequent relapses of the common cold - more than 3-5 times per year;
- congenital or acquired disorders of the structure of the nasal passages, injuries of the skeleton of the face;
- exposure to negative environmental factors;
- heart disease, blood vessels;
- other pathologies of the nasopharynx - polyps, cysts, adenoids.
Mucosal burn
Any nasal burns are divided into 2 groups, depending on the reasons:
- inhalation of hot air, steam, contact with fire;
- penetration of chemicals into the nose.
A burn of the nasal mucosa can be obtained even with treatment with hydrogen peroxide, when the concentration is above 3%. The mucosa is very sensitive to the substance. There are 3 degrees of burns with their symptoms:
- manifested in the form of burning, redness, swelling;
- blisters appear;
- tissues are dead and torn away.
Symptoms
In addition to severe dryness in the nose, other signs of pathology are also observed. Because of them, health is greatly deteriorating, which violates the usual life. A painful condition of the nasal mucosa is accompanied by:
- stuffiness;
- lack of smell;
- burning sensation;
- itching in the nose;
- sneezing
- nosebleeds;
- creating crusts.
Diagnostics
Before starting treatment of the nasal mucosa, it is necessary to conduct a diagnosis. It is performed by an otolaryngologist. He performs rhinoscopy, in which there is an examination of the mucous membranes with an endoscope. This is a thin tube, at the end of which there is a camera. The procedure is painless, can lead to slight discomfort.
Be sure to identify the cause. This requires the following:
- Studies of the concentration of major hormones.
- ECG and other methods for studying the state of blood vessels and the heart.
- Ultrasound of the abdominal organs.
- Psychological diagnosis.
Only after this, the doctor can prescribe a treatment for the nasal mucosa. It is not worth it to prescribe funds for yourself, so as not to worsen the condition.
Treatment of inflammation of the nasal mucosa is carried out with a variety of drugs. With them, integrity and proper functioning of the mucosa are restored. Effectively apply drops, sprays, ointments with different composition.
Sprays and drops based on sea water
The simplest means of sea water is an isotonic solution having a concentration of 9 g per 1 liter or hypertonic - from 20 g per 1 liter. Seawater preparations act because of the salt that traps moisture. They are appreciated for:
- environmental friendliness;
- the possibility of use during pregnancy and lactation;
- accessibility for infants;
- lack of addiction.
Spray for the treatment of nasal mucosa allows you to evenly distribute the composition across the nose and nasopharynx. Sea water has the following properties:
- antibacterial;
- relief of edema;
- hydration;
- regeneration;
- strengthening local immunity.
A positive effect is observed almost immediately and lasts 4 hours. “Akvalor” is isolated from reliable means - it can be used as drops and for washing. Analogues include Marimer, Aquamaris.
Oils
Treatment of the common cold, swelling of the nasal mucosa is performed using vegetable oils that soften the nasal cavity. You can use any oil - grape, rose, sunflower, olive, corn. But it’s more efficient to use sea buckthorn. With it, the water balance is normalized, softening occurs.
When using oils, it is necessary to monitor self-awareness. If there is no discomfort, then you can perform the procedure by instilling a drop at a time before bedtime and going out.
Other drops
Treatment of the nasal mucosa is performed using other effective drops:
- Immunostimulants. This group also includes homeopathy remedies - Derinat, Rinitol Edas, Delufen. With them, local immunity is restored and strengthened. More drugs moisturize the nasal mucosa, eliminate discomfort, dryness and tightness.
- “Pinosol” is a combination medicine with a natural composition. It contains essential oils and vitamins. The tool in a short time restores the mucous membranes. "Pinosol" has an excellent antiseptic effect. But the natural composition increases the risk of allergies in people who are prone to such conditions.
- "Euphorbium Composite" is a homeopathic remedy used to prevent drying out and restore the structure of the mucosa.
- Local hormonal drugs - Flixonase, Nazonex. The composition contains glucocorticoids, due to which the nasal mucosa is restored. It is these drugs that are prescribed by the doctor to restore the mucosa after vasoconstrictive drops.
In addition to drops, Solcoseryl is used - a preparation in the form of a gel or ointment. It has a very healing effect. Cotton swabs are impregnated with them and injected into the nostrils for 15-20 minutes.
Physiotherapy
Treatment of swelling of the nasal mucosa without a runny nose is performed using physiotherapy. Procedures warm up the sinuses, therefore, swelling of the mucosa is quickly stopped, its structure is restored. The procedures are performed as directed by the doctor. Effective use:
- electrophoresis with anti-inflammatory drugs;
- cryotherapy;
- exposure to a helium-neon laser;
- inhalation with oil-alkaline solutions.
ethnoscience
Whatever the causes of swelling of the nasal mucosa, treatment should be prescribed by a doctor. Sometimes a specialist prescribes traditional medicine:
- Thermal compresses. It is necessary to apply thermal hard-boiled eggs, heated salt to the nose, which are wrapped in a bag made of natural material. A hot bath has the same effect. But it should be remembered that heat is contraindicated in sinusitis and some diseases of the nasal cavity.
- Decoction of oak bark. It will take 1 tbsp. l crushed raw materials, which are poured with boiling water (1 liter). Insisting is performed for several hours. The tool is instilled 3 times a day, 3 drops in each nostril. This provides complete hydration.
- Infusions of herbs. They are used for washing the nose. You can prepare a composition of chamomile - 1 tbsp. l The raw material is poured with 1 liter of water, and insisted for 3 hours.
- Onions and garlic inhalations. Vegetables (1 pc.) Grind on a fine grater. It will take 2 tbsp. l mixtures. It is transferred to a glass, which is placed in a container with boiling water, covered with a funnel folded from a sheet of paper. Vapors should be breathed 10 minutes 3 times a day. The procedure restores the sense of smell and nasal breathing.
Anemization
Treatment of dry nasal mucosa is performed by anemization - artificial "bleeding" of the mucous surface in the nose. The procedure is carried out by introducing vasoconstrictors into the desired anatomical zone. The benefit of this procedure is the absolute relief of edema with inflammation.
Anemization is also performed before operations to protect against severe bleeding, for example, before a maxillary sinus puncture. For this, a composition of:
- drops of adrenaline solution 0.1%;
- 1 ml of a solution of ephedrine 3%.
If anemization of the deep sections is required, then the drug is administered using a probe with an attached turunda. For action, the solution takes 1-2 minutes. Anemization is performed when:
- acute, chronic runny nose;
- frontal;
- sinusitis;
- otitis media;
- mucosal inflammation;
- drainage implementation;
- examination of the nasal cavity.
Complications of this procedure when properly organized do not appear. But at 1 day after this, a small burning sensation, dryness, irritation is likely. These signs soon disappear themselves.
After the burn
A slightly different treatment is required when getting a burn. Help must be provided in a timely manner. If you miss the time, the injury will not respond to treatment. Help is provided as follows:
- The effect of the stimulus stops.
- The nose is washed with cool water for 10-15 minutes. A burn with aluminum compounds or lime, is treated with vegetable oil - in this case, water can not be used.
- If the pain is severe, an antispasmodic is used. But it is better to use it locally, for example, by inserting into the nostrils the soaked turundas “Lidocaine” or “Novocaine”.
Prevention
When problems with the mucosa are detected in the early stages, then their development can be stopped. For prevention, the following rules apply:
- For dusty and dirty work, use protective equipment.
- It is important that the nasal mucosa does not dry out. If the room has dry air, then you need to buy a humidifier. Do not use fans, air conditioners, heaters.
- With inflammation from the anatomical structure, only surgery helps.
If the runny nose does not disappear for a long time, then it is necessary to adjust the lifestyle, eliminate bad habits. Often this condition appears from neurosis, hypertension. The mucous membrane is also inflamed from other dangerous ailments. You need to contact a specialist, conduct an examination, after which a comprehensive treatment will be prescribed.