The transitional age in a child can be called the most important in his life. There is a hormonal restructuring of the body and its growth. At this time, often a teenager of 14 years old may complain of nosebleeds. The reasons can be either commonplace (hit, accidental damage to the mucosa), and talk about possible serious diseases.
Next, we consider why the nose often has blood from the nose of a teenager, possible causes. The rules for first aid and preventive measures are also indicated.
Local causes of frequent nosebleeds
Blood from the nasal passage occurs due to damage to blood vessels. During puberty, they are weaker, so they are easily injured. The causes of blood from the nose in a teenager are divided into 2 types: local and general.
Local causes include:
- Injury to the nose. This could be a bruise, accidental bump, or damage to cartilage.
- Due to a fall and a header. A bruise can occur both on the nose, which will provoke a fracture of his bones, and simply be due to shock and concussion.
- Damage to the mucosa. A favorite pastime for children is picking their nose.
- The presence of a foreign body in the nasal passage. In adolescence, this is rare, but it does.
- Insects caught in the nasal passage can also cause bleeding.
- Injury to the mucosa when instilling, cleansing the nose or removing a foreign body.
- Congenital anomaly (septum curvature), too close to the surface of the capillaries.
- Tumors in the nasal cavity. For example, enlarged adenoids.
- Exhaustion of the nasal mucosa due to frequent colds or allergies.
Blood diseases and ailments affecting the state of blood vessels
Why does baby’s nose bleed? The reasons may be different. For example, these are diseases that affect the state of blood vessels:
- infectious, flowing with high fever;
- non-infectious, which violate the integrity of blood vessels;
- hereditary diseases in which small capillaries are damaged;
- vitamin deficiency and exhaustion of the body.
Blood diseases are as follows:
- poor coagulability;
- anemia;
- disruption of the liver.
Other reasons
Other diseases and conditions also cause nosebleeds. These include the following:
- muscle strain (excessive physical activity);
- violation of the kidneys and adrenal glands;
- high blood pressure;
- stressful condition;
- hormonal changes in the body in adolescence, this is especially pronounced in girls at the beginning of the menstrual cycle;
- lung diseases
- violation of the heart;
- changes in the functioning of the nervous system;
- severe sneezing and coughing;
- dry air and overheating in the sun;
- the effect of drugs;
- failure in the immune system;
- sudden changes in atmospheric pressure;
- damage to the mucous membrane by burns (irritating gases, too hot air, radiation);
- frequent bleeding can sometimes be a consequence of an old injury.
Why does bleeding occur at night?
Often in adolescents, nosebleeds occur only at night. The reason may be: too dry air in the room, long use of drops for the nose or an allergic reaction. If bleeding is regular and not associated with trauma, then you must definitely contact the ENT specialist to find out the cause and purpose of treatment.
Signs of an early bleeding
Bleeding from the nose is often preceded by the following symptoms:
- flies before the eyes;
- dizziness and headache;
- noise in ears;
- heart palpitations and breathing;
- feeling as if there was a blow to the nose;
- weakness and intense thirst.
Not all causes of bleeding can be determined independently. The problem is exacerbated if there are difficulties with blood coagulation or very high blood pressure. In this case, you can not do without medical assistance.
Vascular damage
Epistaxis in teenagers can occur due to damage to the vessels located in the nose. Most often, such bleeding occurs in children. It also happens due to trauma to the vessels much deeper. In this case, bleeding is plentiful. Then the doctor’s intervention is urgently needed.
What to do with nosebleeds?
Why does teenage nose bleed? The reasons are now known. It is necessary to consider how to provide first aid, what is worth doing and what is not.
The type of blood frightens not only an adult, children experience a lot more fright. Because of this, their heart rate may increase and their pressure may increase. Therefore, in the first place, it is recommended to reassure the child.
The teenager needs to be seated, tilt his head forward. If the child throws back his head, then the blood will not be able to flow out, and the teenager may even choke on her. For the same reason, the child should not be laid on his back.
It is necessary to provide access of oxygen, to weaken the upper part of the clothes (to unfasten the buttons), to ensure the flow of fresh air. If the child does not feel well, then you can lubricate the whiskey with ammonia.
Cold must be applied to the nose (nose bridge) (also to the back of the head), and the legs, on the contrary, to be warm. Thus, the vessels in the nose will narrow and expand in the legs, and blood will rush to the limbs.
It is recommended to close the nostril from which the blood comes. Thus, the damaged vessel is more quickly blocked by platelets. If there is a lot of blood, then you can use a tampon (it is better to moisten it with hydrogen peroxide), it is not necessary to place it deeply. Remove carefully so as not to damage the vessel again.
What to do after bleeding?
And another important tip: if a child has such a phenomenon, then you should not find out on your own why teenagers bleed from the nose, first you need to give him first aid correctly, and only then look for the reason. It is best to show the child to the doctor.
After bleeding, overheating, physical exertion and stress should be avoided. It is advisable to drip saline solution in the nose for three days (drops with sea salt). It will help not to get into the wound of the infection, the vessel will heal faster. And so that there is no drying out of the mucous membrane, it is recommended to lubricate the nostril with petroleum jelly.
When do you need to see a doctor?
If there is strong blood flow from the nose of the child, the causes are unknown and it does not stop, then you should seek help from specialists.
For what reasons should you still seek help:
- severe trauma was received, and additional fluid flows with the blood;
- blood flows in a strong stream, which prevents the formation of a blood clot to stop bleeding;
- blood not only comes from the nose, but also sprinkles;
- frothy blood (indicates pulmonary hemorrhage);
- accompanied by vomiting with blood;
- high blood pressure;
- if the child has diabetes;
- clotting problems;
- unconsciousness, decreased heart rate;
- taking medications that reduce blood coagulation.
Will the child need to be hospitalized? Doctors already decide. Sometimes it takes time to find out the cause of the bleeding.
How is the treatment carried out?
How to carry out treatment when the blood from the nose of a teenager, the cause of which is not known exactly? Better go to the hospital. They will provide the necessary assistance.
In no case should you postpone the emergency call if the head injury caused the bleeding. It is forbidden to independently remove a foreign body, since with a careless action you can only increase bleeding or push an object even further along the nasal passage, and it can also get into the pulmonary tract by inhalation.
When applying to the hospital, two types of treatment will be offered. Either the bleeding will be stopped by surgery, or it will be possible to do with drug therapy. Special drugs may be prescribed. In addition, it is possible that a blood transfusion is required, depending on how much blood loss.
Also, bleeding can be stopped with tampons soaked in disinfectants. Usually it is in the nasal cavity for up to 2 days. Depending on how deep the source of bleeding is, how deep the swab can be located depends. If it needs to be placed deep, painkillers can be administered.
The doctor can also cauterize the place where the vessel is injured. The procedure is carried out by laser, ultrasound, electricity. Before it, it is necessary to anesthetize the site, since a teenage boy or girl at this age still reacts strongly to pain. They can spoil the whole procedure with a sharp movement.
With surgical treatment, they can remove damaged vessels or bandage them. Before any procedure, tests are taken, they can help find out the cause of bleeding, and the tolerance of drugs for anesthesia is also checked. An additional x-ray of the nose is prescribed.
When the cause of bleeding is high blood pressure in a teenager, what to do, the doctor will tell. It is undesirable to start treatment yourself. The first thing, of course, is to normalize the pressure.
What could be the consequences?
Each person reacts differently to blood from the nose. Sometimes even adults may faint. With severe bleeding, the consequence can be large blood loss, as a result of which the pressure drops, the pulse decreases.
A teenager may lose consciousness, or it may be confused. Often there is a rapid heartbeat. The skin turns pale due to lack of blood.
If bleeding is regular, then this can cause a decline in immunity, a decrease in the iron content in the blood, and cause exhaustion of the whole organism. A decrease in iron (anemia) can lead to a number of serious abnormalities, up to a retarded development, since the brain will not receive the right amount of oxygen. All organs will suffer, there will be a strong weight loss.
A teenage boy is more prone to bleeding as a result of injuries, but girls are more likely to start at the beginning of their menstrual cycle. But in any case, do not pay attention when a similar problem occurs in a child. After all, one can’t say exactly without examinations why the teenager’s nose is bleeding, the doctor can give the exact reason after the diagnosis. After all, such a phenomenon can cause, for example, chronic diseases, up to cancers.
Preventative measures
To avoid bleeding in a teenager, you need to carry out the following activities:
- Humidify the air as needed. If it is not possible to buy a humidifier, then it is enough to put a can of water in each room. Evaporating, it will humidify the air.
- Periodically conduct instillation courses for moisturizing the nasal mucosa. Normal saline is also suitable.
- Daily walks in any weather. Airing the room.
- The diet should be full.
- Conduct a conversation with the child so that he tries to avoid injury (he didn’t run headlong, was more careful).
- The use of vitamins that strengthen the walls of blood vessels. Since a teenager of 14 years experiences hormonal changes and rapid growth, in this regard, the walls of blood vessels become very thin.
What can not be done with bleeding?
With nosebleeds, parents are often lost, do not know what to do. Here it is important to know exactly what should not be done so as not to aggravate the situation.
You can not lay the child on his back and throw back his legs. This will increase bleeding, and the child may choke on his own blood. You can not get a foreign object from the nose, even if the cause of bleeding in it. This should be done by the ENT with the help of special tools, using the necessary medicines.
After stopping the blood, you should not give the child hot drinks, try to immediately clear the nasal passage and blow out the remaining blood. This will provoke new bleeding. You can not immediately give the child to take part in active games. Now he needs only peace.
Little conclusion
Now we know why the teenager’s nose is bleeding, the reasons for this phenomenon are discussed in detail above. Of course, it is difficult to independently and immediately find out why bleeding occurred. Therefore, in any case, you can not do without a doctor. With long and heavy bleeding, you must immediately call an ambulance. If all this is observed, then the problem can be solved quickly.