Symptoms of renal colic are considered an acute condition requiring emergency care. The main signs of this condition are intense lumbar pain, frequent painful urination with gusts and an admixture of blood, with a transition to a state of shock, blanching of the skin, low blood pressure, cold sweat and dizziness appear.
Causes
Most often, objective causes of renal colic are chronic or acute diseases of the urinary tract:
- Urolithiasis disease. It develops against the background of prolonged exposure to food allergens or total metabolic disturbances. The main signs of renal colic: the accumulation of salts and alkalis in the upper parts of the urinary system and gradual crystallization until the appearance of neoplasms.
- Renal failure. It can be hereditary (in the case of genetic defects, anomalies in the structure of the organ) or acquired (occurs as a complication after operations, injuries, and some diseases of the excretory system).
- Pyelonephritis. Inflammatory disease of the kidneys and adrenal glands is a provocateur of the appearance of colic, problems with urination, imbalance of systems.
- Enteroviruses. Another cause of renal colic. Immunological agents can disrupt the functioning of internal organs: kidneys, liver, pancreas, gall bladder, intestines. Complications of a viral attack: renal colic, persistent defecation, the appearance of acne or red spotted rashes like hives, problems with digestion, and so on.
Symptoms
The most common symptoms of renal colic include:
- Pain in the lower back. Attacks of pain occur unexpectedly and may not pass a few minutes or even hours.
- Chills, fever. High or elevated body temperature can be the first signs of not only renal colic, but also many other inflammatory diseases. The main difference between this phenomenon is the complete absence of catarrhal symptoms (colds, viral) and a sharp jump, without objective grounds (hypothermia, eating new or stale foods).
- Violation of the urination process. When the bladder is empty, an unpleasant sensation occurs in the lower abdomen, pain can occur sharply.
- Urine discoloration. One of the main signs of renal colic. In most cases, urine changes color and becomes dark yellow, dark brown, very odorous in smell with the presence of impurities (sand, even blood). In this case, you should immediately consult a doctor.
- Nausea, vomiting. If kidney problems were the result of metabolic disorders, in addition to the standard signs of inflammation, the patient has nausea and even vomiting. These signs are not typical, but are considered in the general history as probable symptoms of not only kidney problems, but also congestion of the liver, gall bladder.
Diagnostics
Diagnosis of renal colic begins with the collection of anamnestic data. The main tool for this is the survey. The doctor is trying to establish the presence of:
- The objective symptoms of the disease are fever, a change in the process of urination, the appearance of pain, the presence or absence of nausea / vomiting.
- Subjective or “possible” causes that lead to kidney problems - allergic reactions, diet, heredity, previously transferred renal pathology.
After the final confirmation of the diagnosis, the nephrologist examines the structure of the organ by conducting an ultrasound scan. Usually, in cases of inflammatory diseases, the monitor displays - the presence of impurities, cloudy spots and other bodies indicating the occurrence of the disease.
Laboratory tests of blood and urine
The results of laboratory tests of urine and blood are grounds for hospitalization or leaving on an outpatient basis. The list of necessary diagnostic techniques includes:
- general tests for renal colic;
- urinary sediment examination;
- bacteriological culture;
- specialized test for salts: phosphates, urates, oxalates, calcium salts and so on;
- blood test for allergens;
- biochemical blood test - examine the level of ALAT and ASAT, to identify digestive problems.
Medications
The main objective of the drug treatment of symptoms of renal colic, firstly, is the removal of acute pain and, secondly, the normalization of urination. In this case, apply:
- Antispasmodic drugs (Spazmalgon, No-shpa, Baralgin, etc.) in the form of intramuscular or intravenous injections.
- Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs that have analgesic and analgesic effects ("Diclofenac", "Ibuprofen", "Indomethacin", "Ketorol").
- anticholinergic drugs ("Atropine" and others);
- a group of antidiuretics - tablets for renal colic, which contribute to a decrease in urination.
The above medication groups are shown only when renal colic is accurately diagnosed, since its symptoms are similar to manifestations of appendicitis, ectopic pregnancy.
If the acute manifestations are not relieved by antispasmodics and painkillers in case of renal colic, an increase in temperature is observed, there are symptoms of intoxication, hematuria - the patient is subject to hospitalization in order to establish a final diagnosis. In addition to all of the above, it should be noted that with manifestations of renal colic it is strictly forbidden to use diuretics (or diuretics), which can provoke the exit of kidney stones and, as a result, increase pain shock.
Treatment therapy, in addition to painkillers, for renal colic includes drinking regimen agreed with the doctor and a specially developed diet that excludes certain foods and provides for fasting days. All this will help to reduce pain and the gradual release of fine sand from the kidneys.
Folk methods
You can relieve the symptoms of renal colic using folk remedies that have an analgesic effect. These include:
- Pumpkin seeds. An effective way when the disease suddenly appeared, and what to do with renal colic is unknown. They will become one of the best folk methods for treating renal colic. A decoction of pumpkin seeds is prepared as follows: 150 grams of unpeeled pumpkin seeds are poured with boiling water and boiled for about an hour. Then the broth is insisted for about two hours and is filtered through gauze. You can add honey. The broth should be taken on an empty stomach.
- Watermelon. The patient needs to eat a watermelon, being in a bath with warm water.
- A decoction of celandine. Three tablespoons of this herb is brewed with a glass of boiling water. After it cools down, you should drink the broth in the morning and in the evening before eating.
- Carrot seeds. A teaspoon of seeds is brewed with a glass of boiling water. The prepared mixture is infused for 11 hours, then they are filtered. Take half a glass 5 times a day before meals.
- Tea made from apple peel. To make tea from the peel of an apple, you need to peel the fruit by cutting the peel. Next, the peel is crushed and poured with boiling water. The broth is insisted for two hours. To drink during the day.
- Clay. Pottery clay is best suited. Apple cider vinegar is added to the clay, the resulting mass is thoroughly mixed. The mass is wrapped in tissue, then applied to the sore spot.
What to do with renal colic to reduce pain?
Each person can have a disease that is not so easy to cure. This is the same disease and is renal colic. At this moment, the main thing is to quickly relieve the pain and do everything so that it never returns. There are a lot of ways and now everything will be told about them.
You can find out what exactly the kidneys hurt by the signs that appear when urinating. Stones can be large and small. Usually, small ones are gradually removed from the body without the help of a doctor, but large ones can be dealt with only through surgery. As soon as a person felt pain, you need to immediately call an ambulance. Doctors usually pick up a patient with renal colic to do a full examination and prescribe the right treatment.
In order to relieve pain, you need to use as much water as possible. In addition, do not forget to attach a warm heating pad to your lower back or wrap it with a shawl. You can also take a bath of 37-39 degrees, sit there for fifteen minutes.
If the pain is unbearable, then you can give the patient a pill of pain medication. If there are no pills or medicines at hand, then you can find a Nitroglycerin tablet in the medicine cabinet and put it under your tongue. In no case do you need to take a lot of medicines, because they can cause an unpredictable reaction.
In addition, you do not need to keep the heating pad on your lower back for too long. The introduction of various drugs by doctors will be carried out until there is an improvement in the patient's condition.
When is hospitalization necessary?
Renal colic is a serious complication that occurs in chronic diseases of the urinary tract and the kidneys themselves. A patient with a diagnosis of renal colic must be hospitalized urgently if the intensity and duration of the pain syndrome is high. This manifestation of the ailment testifies, first of all, to acute insufficiency in the work of internal systems and other global health problems.
First aid
Before the arrival of emergency doctors, relatives and relatives of the patient must provide competent first-aid care for renal colic. It consists in observing the following rules:
- Set the patient in a comfortable position.
- Put a soft roller under your back.
- Track pressure, heart rate and temperature.
- Establish the exact location of the pain.
- Collect urine for general analysis. Give an antispasmodic or pain medication - “Analgin”, “Citramon”, “No-shpu”, “Spazmalgon”, “Ketanov”, “Next”.
- In case of severe cramping and dizziness - give a glass of cold water, cover with a blanket and ventilate the room.
Diet
Diet is another way to relieve renal colic. True, this method is slower and more suitable for disease prevention. The diet should be diverse, organize meals in parts. Eat four to six times with an interval of 4 hours in small portions to prevent stress on the digestive system. You need to eat in sufficient quantity so that after eating there is no feeling of hunger. Most often, treatment table number 10 is prescribed. The diet helps to improve the cardiovascular system of the body, the liver and kidneys, restores metabolic processes. At the heart of several factors:
- Reduce fats and carbohydrates in your diet.
- Limit salt intake.
- Exclude fried foods from the diet.
- Eat meat and fish only after cooking.
- Limit the use of fresh bread, homemade pastries, pea soup, broths, broth sauces.
- Fat meat is prohibited.
- It is not recommended to eat smoked meats, sausages, canned meat and fish, caviar.
- Remove cheeses from the diet: both salted and fatty, do not eat fried and boiled eggs.
- It is harmful to consume pickled, pickled and salted vegetables.
- You should not eat all types of legumes, spinach, sorrel, radish, radish, any mushrooms, horseradish, garlic, pepper, onions, mustard.
- Exclude chocolate, cocoa and coffee, vegetables and coarse fiber.
Having got rid of an attack of renal colic, you need to see a doctor, pass the necessary tests and undergo the procedure. Having received the results of the examination, make an acceptable diet for yourself.
Prevention
Preventive techniques to maintain normal kidney function fall into three categories:
Specific nutritional recommendations:
- Eating a sufficient amount of vitamins A, D - a huge amount is concentrated in carrots, red fish, egg yolk, sour-milk and dairy products, sunflower oil.
- Eat in accordance with age-related characteristics and consume enough calcium.
- Drink at least 2 liters of water per day.
Necessary physical activity:
- You should walk more and take sun baths.
- Engage in general strengthening gymnastics and physiotherapy exercises.
- If possible, lead an active lifestyle and attend a sports section.
Contraindications
There are some precautions:
- You should eat less cheese, coffee, chocolate, sorrel and salad.
- Avoid ingestion of allergens.
- Less exposure to hypothermia, being in the drafts.
- Avoid serious physical exertion. They provoke pain in renal colic.
- Timely undergo examination by a gynecologist, urologist, gastroenterologist, nephrologist. Especially if there is a history of chronic diseases of the metabolism, urogenital, excretory system, polyvalent food allergy.