The health sector is a concept that every person faces in his life, since going to a doctor is a normal occurrence in society. Its functioning and role, financing and support, development and decline are social phenomena. They are coordinated by the state, but the main link in this chain is man. It is for him that this system is being built, he is the main subject at every stage of the medical field.
Determination of the concept of "health care"
A complete and comprehensive definition of the term “health care” can be found in the current legislation in force, namely, in the federal law of 21.11.2011 No. 324- “On the basics of protecting the health of citizens in the Russian Federation”. It notes that health care is one of the branches of state activity, which is designed to provide affordable medical services for the population at an appropriate level. Of course, this is one of the most important branches of the state’s activity, because only a physically healthy society is able to build a strong state.
The document further emphasizes that domestic health care is a combination of legal, organizational, financial and other measures that provide each citizen with necessary services in the medical field.
Health system: concept and basic principles of creation and activity
The health care system is a combination of all state resources, institutions and activities that should improve the level of medical services in the country.
The basic postulates of its existence are mandatory, they include:
1. The supremacy of human rights in the provision of modern medical services.
2. High quality healthcare.
3. The priority of emergency medical care for children.
4. Legal responsibility of state and local authorities for obstructing, refusing, and other illegal actions to obtain medical services by citizens.
5. Priority of interests of the patient.
6. Strict observance of the secrets of Hippocrates in medical practice.
7. Availability of medical services.
8. Improving existing health care measures and institutions.
These basic principles were created by WHO for all UN members so that the quality and accessibility of medical services are ensured in each country, regardless of status, location, political position and other factors. It should be noted that the World Health Organization is a special separate United Nations institution that is designed to solve global problems in the field of health.
Health system objectives
The main tasks of health care include:
1. Reducing population losses through the provision of timely and high-quality medical care.
2. Financially rational provision of medical services.
3. Providing the medical sector with qualified personnel.
4. The device of modern public and private hospitals and clinics. Health care institutions are organizations whose activities are aimed at providing the population with medical services, the list of which is defined in the legislation.
All these goals and objectives should be carried out at all levels of the functioning of the medical sphere: state, regional and local.
Public Health Institutions
Unlike private hospitals and clinics, government agencies are fully or partially (30% to 90%) funded from the state budget. Their activity is non-profit, and therefore does not provide for profit or other income from the activity.
Such medical facilities exist on the basis of operational management, which means limited autonomy in uncoordinated actions. In practice, these facilities provide low or medium quality medical services due to insufficient funding.
Private health care facilities
According to statistics, the private health sector is affordable for people with incomes above the average. The percentage of poor people going to such organizations is very small - 3.6%. The practice of creating private clinics shows that they all focus on the middle and rich class, which is reflected in their price, organizational and geographical policies. The main income of private institutions is made up of patient fees for treatment.
In such organizations, healthcare is a modern, perfect set of measures that allows you to get really highly qualified help.
Rules for Proper Health Financing
The health sector is one of the most important areas of state activity, and therefore its financing is a priority. Third world countries that cannot independently provide this sphere receive additional targeted funds. To obtain the necessary sources of income, it is advisable to introduce medical insurance, special taxes, a system of fines for violation of health legislation.
Health financing is a complex system of mobilization, use, restoration and rational distribution of funds, the purpose of which is to provide medical care to the population.
Health: the role and importance in modern society
The level of development of the state can be traced precisely to the development of such important social institutions as healthcare, education, culture and sports. They show the true picture of the activity of the state, well-being, activity of the population, interest in public life.
The level of fertility and mortality, population growth, mobility, and working capacity depend on healthcare. Ignoring such an important institution leads to degradation of the individual, public apathy, indifference and nihilism. The main negative consequence of this is the impossibility of the subsequent creation of high-quality and productive human capital.
Health issues
Health care is not only an effective system of providing the population with medical resources, but also a whole organic institution, which consists of individuals in various social roles (doctors, officials, patients, public organizations, etc.). However, if at least one of the subjects fails to fulfill their duties, this harmonious hierarchy undergoes negative changes.
This may be the failure of officials to fulfill their function of providing hospitals and polyclinics with funds, the disclosure of medical confidentiality, unauthorized interference of public organizations in the treatment process, patients neglecting the rules of the internal routine and the work of such institutions. For this, the law clearly indicates the rights and obligations of each of the subjects of these legal relations.
Ministry of Health: Determination and Key Tasks
The Ministry of Health is a federal ministry whose main goal is the legal regulation of relations in the field of health care, coordination and implementation of laws and other regulatory legal acts in this area of state activity.
Also, this institute is called upon to carry out highly specialized tasks: carrying out the prophylaxis of infectious diseases, providing the health market with medicines of domestic and foreign production, creating diversified hospitals, polyclinics, dispensaries, resorts and health centers.
This state structure is also closely linked with other branches of government and lower bodies. Of particular importance is the close and transparent relationship between state, regional and local levels, since very often in practice the latter do not receive allocated funds due to theft and appropriation by officials.
The health sector as a priority for the state
The main task of the state is to create a high standard of living for the population. If other areas may be temporarily limited in financing, then this direction should always receive funds that are provided for by the state budget. An equally important area of work is the improvement of technologies and equipment, since a sound healthcare organization must be created for further development. This is enshrined in state existing programs and strategies for the development of the health sector. The healthcare sector is a branch of the state’s social activity that provides fast, affordable and in some cases free medical care to citizens.
A secondary, but no less important task is to train highly qualified personnel: doctors, paramedics, nurses and orderlies. An appropriate level of training will help in the future to avoid negligence, carelessness in performing work duties.
Health Services: European Model Device
At the moment, the domestic health system does not meet all the principles of medical care that have been recognized by WHO. To build a democratic social system, it is necessary to ensure access to medical facilities for all segments of the population.
Health services - this is providing everyone in need with the necessary medical care in specialized institutions, paid or free. These can be domestic and foreign aid centers, wide or narrow-profile institutions.
Health care facilities are places where every patient should find help, regardless of age, gender, social and property status. It is in democracy that the European healthcare system is being built. This is a high cost of living, allowing all segments of the population to receive paid medical care.
In Russia, unfortunately, things are somewhat different. Health care is, first of all, a balanced system of financing, mutual assistance, benefits and support for the relevant segments of the population and individuals. This means that this area is considered public, regardless of the type of ownership (private, state or communal). It should also meet certain standards (equality, differentiated pricing, availability, quality, convenient location). This area should exclude arbitrariness and unauthorized interference of officials and other state structures, protect the interests of man and citizen, reproduce and ensure an adequate standard of living.