Like any disease of a chronic nature, hemorrhoids, as they develop, go through the stage of exacerbation and subsequent lull. The duration of each of them depends on the treatment used, lifestyle adherence to the recommendations of the doctor. Against the background of a violation of diet and physical activity, exacerbation of hemorrhoids usually occurs. What to do in this case? How to reduce painful discomfort? You will learn the answers to these and many other questions from the materials in this article.
Hemorrhoids: a description of the disease
Hemorrhoids develop as a result of an overstretched vein of the rectum. They form in the body cavity two independent plexuses (internal and external). The first is localized under the intestinal mucosa, from which subsequently internal nodes are formed. The outer plexus is located in the thickness of the subcutaneous tissue in the anus. Its gradual stretching leads to the development of an external version of hemorrhoids.
Excess blood in the venous plexus appears against the background of excessive influx or violation of its direct abstraction. A certain role in the occurrence of the disease belongs to hereditary weakness of the vascular walls. There are not enough smooth muscle fibers in them, which leads to rapid stretching. Stagnation and high abdominal pressure also provoke the development of the disease.
The beginning of the pathological process, as a rule, proceeds unnoticed. Only its exacerbation makes you seek qualified help.
Causes of exacerbation of hemorrhoids
Doctors distinguish a large number of factors leading to the development of this disease. Let's consider them in more detail.
- Violation of the diet. Eating excessively salty, spicy or spicy foods leads to stimulation of blood flow to the pelvic organs.
- Lack of physical activity. A prolonged stay in one position entails stagnation of blood in the veins of the pelvis. You can get rid of this problem with the help of physical activity.
- Digestive upset. Blood hemorrhoids occur with constipation or diarrhea.
- Weight lifting. With intense physical exertion, the sphincter muscles overexert, which can lead to prolapse of the nodes.
- Pregnancy and childbirth. An increase in the size of the fetus and uterus often causes exacerbation of chronic hemorrhoids.
- Overheating of the body. Taking a hot bath entails the expansion of all blood vessels in the human body. Pelvic veins are no exception. As a result of such processes, the nodes increase in size and bleed.
In addition to the above, there are also some psychological reasons that provoke acute hemorrhoids. These include frequent stress, psycho-emotional overstrain, which is very important for people engaged in mental work.
How does exacerbation manifest itself?
The most painful and at the same time exhausting sign of exacerbation is severe pain in the anus. Sometimes the discomfort reaches such an intensity that a person cannot stand or sit. The pain becomes especially unbearable with bowel movements. As a result, the patient refuses food and by any means tries less often to go to the toilet, thereby exacerbating the course of the disease.
Now constipation accompanies a person constantly. Solid feces have a traumatic effect on the inflamed intestine. The patient becomes aggressive, his temperature rises and the phenomena of intoxication of the body increase.
Acute hemorrhoids are often accompanied by prolapse of the nodes directly from the anus. The risk of thrombosis is increasing. If the nodes are infringed, their blood supply is gradually disrupted. Blood clots cause unbearable discomfort to the patient. In such cases, surgery is indispensable.
Sometimes, due to circulatory disorders, the inflamed nodes begin to ulcerate, which leads to tissue necrosis. Such a complication is very dangerous for human life and requires immediate surgery. With a rupture of the inflamed nodes, profuse bleeding is often noted, which is fraught with anemia.
First aid and exacerbation of hemorrhoids. What to do before visiting a doctor?
Symptoms of an acute form of the disease occur suddenly. How can this condition be alleviated?
First of all, doctors advise taking painkillers and applying cold to the inflamed area. To do this, it is necessary to dissolve a small amount of potassium permanganate in ice water and soak gauze in it. Cold reduces pain discomfort, and potassium permanganate has a bactericidal effect.
With an exacerbation of the disease, it is better not to go to work, because a sitting position will only aggravate the situation. The most comfortable posture to reduce the load on the muscles of the anus is lying down.
With constipation, one should not push for a long time, thereby trying to completely empty the intestines. In such situations, doctors recommend a cleansing enema.
You should not postpone a visit to the doctor for a long time and self-medicate, because this can lead to the development of rather dangerous complications. Timely help of specialists helps to alleviate the condition and improve the well-being of the patient.
Drug therapy
When the first signs of the disease appear, seek medical help. Treatment of hemorrhoids with exacerbation, which is accompanied by bleeding and infringement of nodes, is carried out in a hospital.
Drug therapy is primarily aimed at stopping the pain syndrome, for which general-acting analgesics are used (Diclofenac, Nise). When the inflammation spreads to the subcutaneous tissue and tissues around the hemorrhoid, local anti-inflammatory drugs (Levomekol, Levasin) are prescribed. With the development of thrombosis of nodes, venotonic drugs and medications aimed at diluting blood are used for treatment (“Heparin”, “Hepatrombin”).
If the patient is diagnosed with hemorrhoids with blood, treatment involves the use of rectal suppositories, which include adrenaline. This substance causes vasospasm, thereby stopping bleeding.
Local preparations (gels, ointments) have the same characteristics as candles. As practice shows, their use is most justified in the treatment of acute hemorrhoids. They injure inflamed nodes to a lesser extent, it is easier to apply them to the affected areas. Such medications are characterized by a pronounced anti-inflammatory and analgesic effect, quickly heal cracks and at the same time have a bactericidal effect.
Conservative treatment of hemorrhoids with exacerbation is always characterized by positive dynamics, but in advanced cases or with the development of complications, surgical intervention may be required.
Diet change
As you know, an exacerbation of any disease is provoked by a certain factor. In the case of hemorrhoids, this role is assigned to violation of the diet. Treatment of pathology involves bed rest and nutrition adjustment. Diet with exacerbation of hemorrhoids eliminates the use of all foods that can be constipated. This prevents irritation of the digestive tract, as well as pathological nodes.
Usually, an exacerbation of the disease is observed for five days. During this period, you must adhere to a strict diet, which allows the use of the following products: protein omelet, rice porridge, meat broth, boiled meat and white crackers.
After the symptoms of exacerbation subside, you can go on to a normal diet, which is indicated for patients with hemorrhoids.
Help traditional medicine
Treatment of hemorrhoids with exacerbation of folk remedies can be used as an addition to conservative. Typically, such therapy is indicated in emergency cases when there is no way to seek help from a doctor.
To stop bleeding, you can do lotions and take baths. A decoction of oak bark is usually added to the water. It has an astringent effect and promotes the rapid healing of defects.
Many beekeeping products have anti-inflammatory and antibacterial effects. They are usually used in the form of local applications.
Treatment of hemorrhoids with exacerbation is also possible using trays of chamomile broth. No less popular is sea buckthorn oil, which is recommended to lubricate the anus.
Conclusion
The sooner the patient seeks help from a doctor for exacerbation of hemorrhoids, the easier it will be to cope with it. Moreover, competent therapy avoids the development of quite serious complications, which even in the photo inspire fear.