Vascular diseases of the brain can develop due to hypertension, malformations of blood vessels (arteriovenous aneurysms), vascular atherosclerosis in the brain and in the main vessels of the head. The causes include vasculitis, phacomatoses, injuries, blood diseases and heart ailments.
In medical practice, strokes and circulatory disorders in the brain of a rolling nature are classified. Transient disorders (discirculatory disorders, transient ischemic attack) are characterized by cyanosis of the skin of the face and visible mucous membranes, in some cases facial swelling is noted. The characteristic manifestations of disorders include dizziness, noise, pain in the head. A common characteristic is fainting, accompanied by cooling and cyanosis in the limbs.
Vascular diseases of the brain that provoke transient disturbances in blood circulation can be characterized by weakness and numbness of a transient nature in the limbs (hemiparesis), small speech disorders, seizures, impaired function of the cranial nerves, as well as impaired consciousness.
The duration of neurological symptoms is several minutes or hours, but not more than twenty-four hours. In some cases, micro strokes develop under the guise of transient disturbances in the blood circulation. It should be noted that in such cases it is very difficult to recognize a microstroke.
The malignant course of hypertension can provoke cerebral edema, which is accompanied by a sharp onset of headache, aggravated by sneezing or coughing, vomiting, decreased heart rate, nausea, dizziness, and meningeal symptoms. In some cases, a characteristic is a violation of the coordination of the patient.
Vascular diseases of the brain that cause circulatory disorders of various arteries are characterized by various symptoms, which depends on the lack of blood supply to the corresponding brain area. A transient circulatory disorder affecting the internal carotid artery can provoke speech disorder or short-term hemiparesis in the opposite part of the body. The development of disorders in the blood circulation of the vertebral arteries causes double vision, headaches, and coordination disorders.
In a severe atherosclerotic course, vascular diseases of the brain are expressed in acute circulatory failure of the brain, accompanied by various symptoms of an organic nature.
As manifestations, it should be noted a decrease in memory and intelligence, a decrease in attention, the occurrence of emotional instability, pathological reflexes, and irritability. Acute circulatory disorders can lead to thrombosis or embolism. These conditions are a common cause of strokes.
Circulatory disorders can be congenital. Pathological congenital malformations in the development of blood vessels include vascular malformation of the brain. In this case, an incorrect connection of the vein or artery, or both of them, is observed. The cause of the pathology today remains unclear. The scope of these pathologies may be different.
A number of vascular diseases can be detected during fetal development. As a rule, ultrasound is used for diagnosis. Thus, for example, cysts of the vascular plexuses of the brain are determined. This site has no nerve cells and is involved in fluid production. This fluid is necessary for the development of the fetal brain. In some cases, it is blocked by surrounding cells. This leads to the appearance of a cavity (cyst).