The rectum can be susceptible to a variety of diseases, one of which is hemorrhoids. This pathology affects a large number of different people. Such a problem can occur both in young and in old age. So what is this disease and how to deal with it? In the article, we will consider how to treat a hemorrhoids.
Hemorrhoids
Hemorrhoids are a violation of hemorrhoidal veins (inflammation, expansion, thrombosis), in connection with which nodes form around the rectum.
Basically, this pathology is characterized by a gradual development. A person experiences discomfort in the anus, constipation is possible. At first, such sensations arise after eating spicy or fatty foods, alcoholic beverages, due to physical exertion. For example, a long walk. Over time, short-term bleeding begins to occur, if nothing is done, hemorrhoidal nodes may fall out. As the disease develops, pain sensations intensify.
When bleeding becomes regular, people begin to wonder how to treat a hemorrhoids?
Causes of the disease
Factors contributing to the appearance of hemorrhoids are individual for each person. Defining them is quite difficult. To find out how to treat hemorrhoids, you first need to determine the cause of the pathology. Can provoke an ailment:
- hypothermia;
- sedentary work or lifestyle contribute to stagnation of blood in the pelvic organs, thereby causing an inflammatory process;
- weight lifting, pregnancy and childbirth, constipation can cause increased pressure in the peritoneum, which causes the appearance of the disease;
- the expansion of hemorrhoidal vessels leads to the abuse of spicy food or alcohol.
Stages of the disease
Hemorrhoids can be of two types:
- acute hemorrhoids;
- chronic illness.
These phases of the disease are significantly different from each other. Each of them has several stages.
Acute hemorrhoids
The acute form of the disease has three stages:
- The first is characterized by thrombosis of hemorrhoids. A person does not experience pain, since the inflammatory process has not yet begun.
- The next stage is characterized by the onset of pain.
- In the third stage, in addition to the hemorrhoids themselves, nearby tissues become inflamed.
Chronic hemorrhoids
The chronic form has four stages:
- Hemorrhoidal nodes have not yet had time to fall out, but when defecating, blood appears bright red in color.
- Pathological formations come out, but there is a chance that they will retract on their own.
- Dropped hemorrhoidal nodes can be corrected only manually.
- The protrusion of the venous plexus can no longer be corrected independently.
Symptoms of the disease
As mentioned above, hemorrhoids develop gradually. At the initial stages, not everyone can determine this pathology. Often, the disease develops without causing obvious discomfort to the patient. Nevertheless, it is worth paying attention to the following factors:
- a feeling of itching and discomfort in the anus after defecation;
- secretion of mucus, which leads to mucosal irritation and burning;
- foreign body sensation in the anus;
- strengthening of the above symptoms when taking spicy food and alcohol, or dietary restrictions (various kinds of diets).
A clear symptom of the disease is the appearance of blood after defecation. There are several ways to treat hemorrhoids. The photo is below.
Other causes of bleeding from the anus
People who have reached the age of forty should pay attention to other bleeding factors from the anus. The following pathologies can serve as the cause of rectal bleeding:
prolapse of the rectum;
anal fissure;
oncology;
- candidiasis, colitis, polyps.
If rectal bleeding occurs, you should definitely pay attention to the color of the stool and its consistency. The fact is that such changes can talk about the beginning of similar pathologies in any other part of the gastrointestinal tract.
Manifestation of the disease
In order to understand how to treat hemorrhoids, you need to understand how this disease manifests itself. It is worth knowing that hemorrhoids are external and internal.
The latter cannot be seen with the naked eye. It is located in the submucosal layer of the rectum. This disease can be detected only at a late stage. At this point, the hemorrhoidal nodes are visible in the anus. Symptoms of internal hemorrhoids can be blood clots in the feces, pain during and after defecation. Pathology at a late stage is characterized by prolapse of the vascular plexus from the anus to the outside. At the advanced stage of the disease, nodes can only be removed manually. They do not retract independently.
External hemorrhoids are the expansion of pathological nodes located directly at the anus itself. They are formed from the lower venous plexus. This type of disease is visible to the naked eye. Such nodes are often inflamed and bring discomfort to a person. Bleeding with this form of the disease may be absent. How to treat hemorrhoids outside? There are several methods: from conservative to surgical.
In rare cases, hemorrhoids can be combined. This means that the vascular plexuses are inflamed both near the anus and in the mucous membrane of the rectum.
Complications
Like any other disease, hemorrhoids can cause complications. Prolonged bleeding from the anus can lead to the development of anemia. Dropped hemorrhoidal nodes have to be constantly adjusted, otherwise severe pain is observed. In the case of pinching the prolapsed node with the muscle of the anus, thrombosis may develop. An urgent hospitalization will be needed here, since the patient's body temperature may rise, as a result of which a purulent infection develops, there are: nausea, vomiting, loss of appetite.
Hemorrhoids during pregnancy
During pregnancy, an enlarged uterus begins to squeeze the cavernous veins of the rectum. As a result, the formation of hemorrhoidal nodes begins. This is facilitated by a sedentary lifestyle in late pregnancy, and frequent constipation.
Childbirth also negatively affects blood vessels and veins. The anus is very tense, hemorrhoids may fall out. Some women who have given birth to a child are confused by the resulting pathological formations with the consequences of childbirth, missing the time for treating the disease.
It is worth remembering that if there are symptoms of hemorrhoids, you should seek the help of a specialist.
Diagnosis of hemorrhoids
An experienced specialist will be able to determine the disease at the initial visual examination. For this patient, they are asked to take a gynecological chair. During the examination, the proctologist pays attention to the condition of the hemorrhoidal nodes, their location, the degree of inflammation, as well as the condition of the skin.
Confirmation of the diagnosis occurs using special diagnostics.
- Anoscopy With this type of study, a special device is introduced into the patient’s anus, which allows you to examine the rectum at a distance of 15 cm. With its help, the specialist is able to determine the presence of inflammatory diseases, tumors, the degree of damage to the cavernous bodies, take smears and a biopsy. The procedure is painless. In the acute stage, it is not performed, in order to avoid severe pain. In this situation, the necessary treatment is first carried out. Preparation for anoscopy is prescribed in advance. The patient needs to refrain from eating, may need an enema and a laxative.
- Palpation of the rectum with fingers. Using such an examination, the doctor can assess the condition of the mucous membrane, the presence or absence of hemorrhoidal nodes, and bleeding.
- Sigmoidoscopy. This study is necessary to exclude the risk of cancer. It makes it possible to examine the rectum much deeper than with anoscopy.
- Colonoscopy The procedure can serve as a substitute for other examinations. For example, a study is conducted if it is impossible to conduct a sigmoidoscopy for any reason.
The above studies enable the specialist to compile a complete picture of the disease, to understand how it will develop further and how to treat hemorrhoids.
Hemorrhoid therapy
The main task in the treatment of hemorrhoidal nodes is the removal of a pain symptom, getting rid of bleeding - that is, stopping the first signs. Therapy depends on the stage of the disease and the degree of inflammation. In the early stages of pathology, treatment is carried out by conservative methods. Such therapy is represented by taking medications, herbal remedies, and massages. The advanced stage of the disease is treated with surgery and physiotherapy. A sedentary lifestyle, constipation and obesity can cause difficulties in the treatment of hemorrhoids. Under such circumstances, its effectiveness decreases.
The following are traditional methods for treating hemorrhoids, which are often used in medicine.
Conservative treatments
Conservative methods of treatment are as follows:
- Local therapy aimed at eliminating the pain syndrome. At the same time, inflammation is removed, and thrombosis, bleeding, burning and itching are relieved, that is, symptoms that bring discomfort to the patient.
- The use of drugs that increase venous tone, regulate blood flow and microcirculation in the corpora cavernosa.
How to treat external hemorrhoids? Therapy of external signs is mainly carried out using topical ointments, internal formulations - with heparin suppositories, enemas with chamomile, "Anestezin", St. John's wort, belladonna extract, oak bark, etc.
Minimally invasive methods
When conservative methods of treatment do not give the desired result, they are replaced by minimally invasive methods. They allow you to quickly and effortlessly get rid of such a delicate problem.
Such treatment is contraindicated in people with anal fissures, hemorrhoidal thrombosis, inflammatory process in the rectum or anus.
There are four minimally invasive methods:
- Electrocoagulation
- Cryotherapy.
- Ligation with latex rings.
- Sclerotherapy.
Electrocoagulation
The essence of this method is to bring the electrode to the leg of the hemorrhoid. The procedure is carried out using a special device - an anoscope, which produces coagulation.
This method of treatment is used at the 1st, 2nd and 3rd stages of the disease. It does not exclude the occurrence of pathology repeatedly, therefore it is used in rare cases when conservative therapy is impossible.
Cryotherapy
Currently, the treatment of hemorrhoids with cryotherapy has become very popular. The method consists in freezing tissues at a temperature of -195 ° C.
Thanks to this achievement of medicine, most patients have the opportunity to avoid surgery. The procedure consists in introducing a probe into the anus, through which liquid nitrogen is supplied. The specialist directs the device to the hemorrhoidal nodes, cryotherapy continues until they are completely destroyed. After some time, their remains are removed from the body.
Cryotherapy has the following advantages:
- does not form scars;
- does not require anesthesia;
- the procedure is painless;
- no bleeding;
- allows you to quickly recover;
- does not require hospitalization, is carried out on an outpatient basis.
Latex Ligation
The most popular minimally invasive treatments are latex rings. Such manipulations are carried out with patients in whom the disease is in an advanced stage. This treatment method does not require long-term recovery and is quite effective.
The essence of therapy is to pull the vascular pedicle with a latex ring. Thus, blood ceases to flow to the hemorrhoid, which ensures its death after a while. Latex rings are worn using a special device - a ligator.
Manipulations are carried out in two ways:
- Using a mechanical ligator. An anoscope is installed in the anus, after which the ligator is inserted there. The hemorrhoid is clamped with forceps and a rubber ring is put on it. After carrying out the manipulations, the instruments are removed from the anus. This procedure takes 10-15 minutes.
- Using a vacuum ligator. This procedure is much simpler than mechanical. Hemorrhoidal nodes are drawn into the device using a vacuum.
Manipulation does not require a long recovery. Hemorrhoidal nodes disappear after a week and go out with feces.
After ligation of the formations with latex rings, the following complications may occur:
- The appearance of feces with impurities of blood. This may indicate improper separation of hemorrhoids. In this situation, you need to contact a specialist immediately.
- Inflammatory processes caused by constipation.
- Painful sensations that can be eliminated with painkillers.
- Jumping latex ring. This can be caused by constipation or weight lifting. In order to avoid such a nuisance, it is necessary to strictly follow the doctor's instructions.
This manipulation is contraindicated in people with anal fissures, varicose hemorrhoids or blood diseases.
Sclerotherapy
A method of treatment that is used in the early stages of the disease. Nevertheless, it can be used in more severe forms, as it is effective in any bleeding from the anus.
The procedure is carried out using an anoscope and a special syringe. Inside the anus, a drug is administered, under the influence of which the healing of blood vessels and reduction of hemorrhoidal nodes occur.
This method is often combined with an infrared laser, which helps to avoid infection and pain.
Sclerotherapy contraindications:
- liver or kidney failure;
- venous obstruction;
- heart disease
- diabetes;
- pregnancy and lactation;
- allergy to anesthesia.
The advantages of this treatment method:
- It does not require a long recovery.
- Promotes rapid healing of veins.
- It is not an operation and leaves no residue.
Treatment of hemorrhoids during pregnancy
Hemorrhoids during pregnancy are quite common. Symptoms of the disease in a pregnant woman begin to manifest in the second trimester. Pathological formations can complicate childbirth, therefore it is necessary to consider the treatment of hemorrhoids during pregnancy as soon as possible. Young mothers have a much lower risk of developing the disease than older women.
Treatment of hemorrhoids during pregnancy is possible with the following drugs:
- "Hepatrombin G". This drug is used for local therapy, has good analgesic components, relieves inflammation, itching, burning. Available in the form of ointments and suppositories. In the first trimester, its use is contraindicated.
- "Anestezol". The drug is used to treat hemorrhoidal nodes, in the presence of anal fissures. It has good antiseptic and healing effects.
- Relief Advance. A remedy for the treatment of hemorrhoids at home. Relief is used for cracks in the anus, anesthetizes and heals inflamed areas.
- Ultraproct. It is used only from the second trimester of pregnancy.
Many pregnant women are faced with a situation when a hemorrhoids node has come out. How to treat? Women in position should remember that not all drugs are suitable for them. Some of them are hormonal, therefore they should be used only under the supervision of a doctor. Many young mothers are interested in how to treat hemorrhoids after childbirth? Here you can already take advantage of absolutely all the suggestions of a doctor to solve this problem. After all, after childbirth, the risk for the baby is no longer there.
Folk methods
Treatment of hemorrhoids with folk remedies has long been practiced. There are several recipes for such therapy that are time-tested.
- The leaves of nettle, chamomile and plantain are mixed. All ingredients must be crushed and pour boiling water. The broth should be infused for two hours, after which it is filtered and diluted with warm boiled water to five liters. Infusion is poured into the bath and sit in it for 5-7 minutes. Such baths must be taken for 12 days.
- Treatment of hemorrhoids with alternative methods is possible with the help of improvised products. For example, 12 pieces of medium-sized potatoes are rubbed on a fine grater. , , , . . 15 . . . .
Hemorrhoids is a serious enough, but at the same time a delicate problem. Not every person turns to a specialist for her decision. Therefore, it is worth remembering that the presence of this disease can cause great trouble. Hemorrhoidal nodes must be treated immediately after the onset of the first symptoms. Do not be shy about pathology, because a huge number of people around the world suffer from it. An experienced specialist will help and select the right treatment methods. Before treating hemorrhoids at home, you should consult a doctor. But first of all, the care of one’s own health lies with the person himself.