Unfortunately, an increasing number of diseases, especially in the elderly, are associated with impaired circulation of the brain. Such problems entail a lot of negative consequences, up to the loss of the ability to move, talk and think, and often lead to death. It is incredibly difficult to see a loved one in this state. However, any negative consequences can be avoided or at least slowed down the development of the disease by not allowing it to worsen by contacting a competent specialist in time who can choose the appropriate treatment. Increasingly, in such cases, vasoactive drugs are used in neurology (a list of drugs that belong to the group under consideration will be given later in the article). The use of such funds in most cases gives positive results, provided that the funds are correctly selected and all the recommendations of the attending physician are carefully observed.
However, do not rush to agree to any treatment prescribed to you. First you need to ask yourself a series of questions. For example, vasoactive drugs: what is it? In what cases are they applicable? What are the benefits of vasoactive drugs? Classification of these substances? What are the contraindications to their use? Do they cause adverse reactions? To understand all these and some other issues this article will help.
Vasoactive drugs
In neurology, specialized pharmacological substances are increasingly used, which significantly improve the blood supply to nerve cells. This, in turn, helps to accelerate a number of important metabolic processes that effectively help restore the once lost properties of certain neurons. Also, vasoactive drugs are used for osteochondrosis (thoracic, lumbar or cervical spine).
Classification
The funds in question are actively used by modern specialists. Vasoactive drugs are usually divided into several separate groups:
- Substances that improve blood supply to the nerve tissue of the brain by correcting the tone of blood vessels. Their other name is myotropic antispasmodics.
- Angioprotectors (vasoactive drugs that strengthen the walls of blood vessels).
- Substances that affect metabolic processes in the nervous tissue.
- Vasoactive drugs that directly feed nerve cells.
- Neurotransmitter substances. Such funds effectively establish signal transmission between individual neurons and contribute to the formation of new intercellular connections.
Vasoactive drugs are sometimes prescribed in groups in order to significantly accelerate and enhance their effect. This is especially true for the treatment of serious diseases such as Alzheimer's disease or stroke.
Myotropic antispasmodics
Preparations of vasoactive action of the considered group actively affect the walls of blood vessels. These substances have another specific effect on the body. They also belong to the group of "vasoactive calcium antagonists." Drugs block calcium channels, effectively dilate blood vessels. Thus, the overall peripheral vascular resistance is reduced. Due to this, vasoactive drugs in neurology play such an important role - they increase blood flow to the nervous tissue. This helps to improve many conditions.
The following vasoactive drugs (list) belong to this group:
- No-Shpa.
- Cinnarizine.
- The Halidor.
- Vincamine.
- "Flunarizin".
- Diprofen.
Only a specialist can prescribe a specific drug.
Agioprotectors
The considered group includes vasoactive drugs (the names of some of them will be given below), the main purpose of which is to strengthen the vessels and protect their walls from mechanical damage by aggregated platelets or atherosclerotic plaques, reducing the level of potential blood clots. This effect is achieved by reducing the formation of coagulation factors.
The following vasoactive drugs (list) belong to this group:
- "Alprostan".
- Parmidin.
- "Xanthinol nicotinate."
Drugs that influence the metabolism of nerve tissue
This group of substances has a unique effect on the human body. Vasoactive drugs, the purpose of which is to accelerate the breakdown of glucose using oxygen and enhance cellular energy processes, are included in the following list:
- Memoplant.
- "Piracetam".
- "Actovegin".
- Trental.
- Mexicor.
- Cavinton
Nervous tissue nutrients
Nutrition of cells is necessary for their normal functioning. The following tools help to establish this process:
- "Gliatilin."
- Cortexin.
- "Succinic acid".
- "Adenosine phosphate."
- "Aspartic acid."
The main purpose of their application is to improve the transmission of nerve impulses and participation in metabolic processes.
Means containing neurotransmitter substances
Sometimes a special kind of vasoactive therapy is required. Preparations that are used to effectively establish synoptic connections in stroke or delay impulse include specialized substances - mediators. These drugs include the following:
- "Glycine".
- "Gliatilin"
- Aminalon.
"Vinpocetine"
The composition of the drug includes the same active substance. Other components are: ascorbic acid, tartaric acid, sorbitol, benzyl alcohol, water for injection, sodium metabisulfite. The drug is available in the form of a clear solution for infusion.
The drug in question should also be used with extreme caution in elderly patients, although there are no particular contraindications for them, since the active substance does not accumulate. Therefore, it can be safely used by those patients who suffer from kidney or liver diseases.
The main indications for the use of vasoactive drugs are the following: post-stroke condition, vascular dementia, hypertensive encephalopathy, cerebral atherosclerosis, vascular diseases of the choroid of the eye and retina (among them thrombosis), hearing loss, toxic hearing damage, tinnitus, Meniere's disease.
The main contraindications to the use of the drug in question are the following: severe forms of arrhythmia, coronary heart disease, individual intolerance to vinpocetine, acute stage of hemorrhagic stroke.
The pharmacological preparation should be used parenterally. Caution should be exercised when using the product when prescribed to patients who suffer from bradycardia.
It is forbidden to use this substance during the period of bearing a child and during breastfeeding, as it penetrates the placenta. However, studies did not reveal any toxic effect on the embryo. The substance also passes into breast milk.
Research into whether the drug in question affects the reaction rate and ability to drive a personal car or any dangerous machinery has never been done before. However, it is important to consider that the appearance of any adverse reactions from the nervous system is quite possible. Do not underestimate this danger.
It is important to use the medication in question solely for the treatment of adult patients. The infusion rate should be incredibly low.
It is forbidden to use the drug subcutaneously, intramuscularly, as well as in a concentrated form intravenously.
The initial working dose for an adult patient per day is twenty milligrams per five hundred milliliters of infusion solution. The maximum dosage, in turn, is one milligram per kilogram of patient body weight per day. However, such therapy should not last longer than three days. The general course of treatment should not exceed fourteen days.
After the expected clinical effect has been achieved, it is recommended to gradually reduce the dosage used and switch to using another form of release of the drug in question - tablets.
With caution, "Vinpocetine" should be taken to patients suffering from impaired renal and hepatic function. However, the dosage may be used in standard.
It is forbidden to use the drug for children.
The shelf life of the drug in question is four years. It is forbidden to use the product after the expiration date, since the substance loses its useful properties and can be dangerous for the patient.
It is recommended to store the drug in its original packaging at a temperature not exceeding twenty-five degrees.
Sermion
The proportions of the components that make up the drug in question may vary slightly. As a rule, differences in composition depend on the form of release and the concentration of the main active substance.
So, the following distinguishing features are distinguished:
- The form of the drug is tablets. The amount of nicergoline can be five, ten or thirty milligrams. In this case, additional substances such as calcium hydrogen phosphate dihydrate, sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, sodium stearate are used. Among other things, titanium dioxide, sucrose, talc, acacia resin, magnesium carbonate, rosin, yellow sunset, carnauba wax, sandaraka resin are used in the production.
- Release form - powder, white porous mixture. It is used for injection. In this case, the main active ingredient is nicergoline, and the auxiliary substances are purified water, lactose monohydrate, benzalkonium chloride, tartaric acid, sodium chloride.
The main purpose of the drug in question is the normalization of blood circulation (peripheral and brain). It contributes to the improvement of metabolic processes in the brain, as well as blood flow in this area. The drug effectively dilutes the blood and significantly reduces platelet count.
In the event that the therapy is carried out for a sufficiently long time, then it becomes obvious to reduce the manifestations of behavioral disorders, as well as a significant improvement in the general physical condition.
The drug in question is absorbed for a short time in the gastrointestinal tract, when taken orally. When it comes to injection, the rate of absorption is doubled. You can use the tool regardless of food intake.
The maximum concentration of the drug in the blood is achieved four hours after oral administration and two hours after the injection.
Mainly the excretion of the main active ingredient occurs with urine. Only a small amount (about twenty percent) leaves the human body with feces. The patient is completely cleared of the drug in question for a period of seventy to one hundred hours. If the patient suffers from serious impaired renal function, the elimination time may double.
This drug passes into breast milk, so it is not recommended for use during breastfeeding.
The regimen of the drug should be drawn up exclusively by a specialist (your attending physician), who will be able to correctly correct it taking into account the form and severity of a particular disease. He also recommends whether it is necessary to take pills or injections.
The dosage regimen for the drug in question may look like this:
- If there is a brain malnutrition, a stroke has recently been experienced, any vascular disorders should be taken at a dose of ten milligrams three times a day for a period of three to five months.
- When it comes to vascular dementia, the drug is recommended to be used twice a day for thirty milligrams. The duration of therapy should be determined by a specialist taking into account the individual characteristics of the patient.
- In the presence of any circulatory disorders of other organs, ten milligrams should be taken three times a day.
- Ischemic stroke is a direct indication for parenteral administration of the drug in question. After the course of injections is completed, you should continue to take the drug orally. The working dose should be individually prescribed by a specialist.
Indications for the use of "Sermion" are: hypertensive crisis, circulatory disorders of the extremities, circulatory disorders of the brain of various origins.
Contraindications to the use of the drug are the following: acute bradycardia, recent myocardial infarction, childhood, individual sensitivity to individual components of the drug, malfunctioning orthostatic regulation, lack of isomaltase, internal bleeding, pregnancy, breastfeeding.
Patients who suffer from gout or hyperuremia should be especially careful when taking the drug in question. In this case, therapy should take place exclusively under the constant supervision of the attending physician, who will be able to provide the necessary assistance and correctly adjust the treatment regimen.
Side effects from the use of the drug can be varied. For example, sometimes patients experience headaches or dizziness, sleep disturbances (either absolute insomnia, or, conversely, excessive drowsiness), fever, metabolic disorders, lowering blood pressure, a sharp increase in uric acid concentration, allergic manifestations (rash, itching )
Storage of the substance should be carried out in a dark, dry place at room temperature (tablets) or in the refrigerator (ampoules).
The valid shelf life of the drug is three years. After this moment it is forbidden to apply it.
Generalization
Vasoactive drugs are a group of drugs whose main pharmacological effect is to improve the blood supply to the cells of the nervous tissue. Such funds are widely used by specialists to combat serious diseases in the rehabilitation process after a recent heart attack or stroke. It is important to remember that the choice of a specific drug, determining the appropriate dosage and the development of a treatment regimen must be entrusted to a specialist. If some tool helped your friends, this does not mean that it will help you either. The attending physician will be able to competently take into account all existing individual characteristics. Such treatment will be truly effective.
Do not forget about your health and the health of your loved ones. Follow the advice of your doctors. And be always healthy!